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[[File:Jug from Lydian Treasure Usak.jpg|thumb|200px|Jug from Lydian Treasure found near Uşak]]
'''Harta Kârun''' adalah nama yang diberikan kepada koleksi artefak yang terdiri atas 363 barang berharga peninggalan masyarakat [[Lidia (Anatolia)|Lidia]] dari sekitar abad ke-7 Pramasehi dan ditemukan di [[Provinsi Uşak]], kawasan barat Turki, yang sempat diperebutkan oleh [[Turki]] dan [[Museum Seni Metropolitan|Museum Seni Rupa Metropolitan New York]] [[gugatan hukum|lewat jalur hukum]] antara tahun 1987 sampai 1993, dan akhirnya dipulangkan ke Turki pada tahun 1993 sesudah pihak Museum Seni Rupa Metropolitan New York mengaku tahu bahwa barang-barang tersebut adalah barang curian pada waktu melakukan pembelian. Koleksi ini juga disebut ''Khazanah Lidia''. Barang-barang tersebut sekarang terpajang di [[Museum Arkeologi Uşak]].
<!-- The collection made sensational news once again in May 2006 when a key piece, a golden [[hippocamp]], on display in [[Uşak]] Museum along with the rest of the collection, was discovered to have been replaced by a [[counterfeit|fake]], probably between March and August 2005.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/5027074.stm | title = Croesus riches replaced by fakes|author=| date = 29 May 2006|publisher=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]]| accessdate=2006-05-29}}</ref>
Yet another term used for the collection is "Croesus Treasure". Although the artifacts were closely contemporary to [[Croesus]], whether they should be directly associated with the legendary Lydian king or not remains debatable. Croesus' wealth had repercussions on a number of [[Asia]]n cultures in a vein similar to his fame in the western cultures, and is referred to either as '''قارون - Qārūn''' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Persian language|Persian]]) or Kârun ([[Turkish language|Turkish]]), or [[Korah]], with the mythical proportions of his fortune also echoed in various ways, parallel to the English language expression "as rich as Croesus".<ref>Qarun and reference to his wealth mentioned in the [[Koran]] (''[28:76] to [28:82]''). In [[Persian mythology]], to which the other citations could be connected, the ''Qâru Treasure'' is a treasure said to be in perpetual motion under the ground. The phrase ''harta karu'' (literally Croesus' Wealth) also worked into the Malay language as the word for ''treasure'' and is synonymous with the term ''buried treasure''. ''Ganj-e-Qaru'' (Croesus Treasure) was also an [[Iran]]ian movie made in 1965 by [[Siamak Yasemi]] and widely regarded as one of the classics of [[Iranian cinema]]. The movie recounts the story of a very wealthy man who attempts suicide and then finds happiness in the simplicity of a pauper's home.</ref> This explains why the term "Karun Treasure" took hold, and in any case, the king Croesus' Treasure consisted of more than 363 pieces and the tomb chamber [[tumulus]] where most artifacts were discovered (they originate from close but different sites) was that of a woman.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.serfed.com/dergi/10/15-ANADOLU_UYGARLIKLARI.pdf|title=The rich kings of the thousand hills, Lydians|website=serfed.com|publisher=Turkish Ceramic Federation|author=Nezih Başgelen|accessdate=2005-07-01|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070122153206/http://www.serfed.com/dergi/10/15-ANADOLU_UYGARLIKLARI.pdf|archivedate=January 22, 2007}}</ref>
==Discovery and smuggling==
The main and the most precious part of the treasure comes from a tomb chamber of a Lydian princess reached through illegal excavations carried out by three fortune-seekers from Uşak's depending Güre village, at the proximity of which the tomb was located, at the locality called Toptepe. After having dug for days and unable to break through the marble masonry of the chamber door, they had [[dynamite]]d the roof of the tomb in the night of 6 June 1966, to be the first to see the breathtaking sight of the buried Lydian noblewoman and her treasures after 2600 years. The treasure looted from this particular tomb was enriched by further finds by the same men in other [[tumuli]] of the locality during 1966-1967. The collection was smuggled outside Turkey in separate dispatches through [[İzmir]] and [[Amsterdam]], to be bought by the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] between 1967–1968, at an invoiced cost of $1.2 million for 200 of the pieces within the collection.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tayproject.org/Haber.fm$Retrieve?ID=1267&html=haber_detail_tu.html&layout=web|title=Uşak-New York|last=|first=|date=|website=tayproject.org|publisher=TAY Project|language=Turkish|author=|accessdate=2001-04-01}}</ref>
==Legal battle==
The efforts made by successive Turkish governments to retrieve the collection were incited since the very beginning and followed until conclusion by the journalist [[Özgen Acar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/courier/2001_04/uk/doss27.htm |title=We have to change the buyer's attitude |author=Michel Bessières |publisher=[[UNESCO]] Courrier |accessdate=2001-04-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010723161923/http://www.unesco.org/courier/2001_04/uk/doss27.htm |archivedate=2001-07-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Acar had chanced upon some pieces of the collection for the first time in 1984 in a Met Museum [[Collection catalog|catalogue]] and had informed Turkey's [[Culture and Tourism Ministry of Turkey|Ministry of Culture]] of their clear provenance, while he also wrote several articles and pursued the bureaucratic channels within Turkey with insistence throughout the affair. He acted as a voluntary envoy of the Ministry within the frame of the judicial case launched in [[New York City]] in 1987 and brought to conclusion in 1993,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.herrick.com/Upload/Publication/Articles/ArticleHF_0208.pdf|title=The Art Theft Experts|author=Thomas Adcock|publisher=[[New York Law Journal]]|accessdate=2006-02-24|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031010110/http://www.herrick.com/Upload/Publication/Articles/ArticleHF_0208.pdf|archivedate=2006-10-31}}</ref> at the same time as he was named [[consultant]] in the larger framework of the Turkey's participation in the work carried out by [[UNIDROIT]] regarding the protection of historic, cultural and religious heritage. Acar's name is also synonymous in Turkey for the retrieval of another set of smuggled archaeological goods, termed "Elmalı Treasure" in reference to their site of origin, the town of [[Elmalı]] in southwestern Turkey, and involving this time [[Lydia]]n coins and extremely rare [[Ancient drachma|decadrachms]] dating from the period of the [[Delian League]], with the [[Boston Museum of Fine Arts]] as his opposite party.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museum-security.org/reports/003199.html#8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000823041626/http://museum-security.org/reports/003199.html#8|url-status=dead|archive-date=2000-08-23|title=Elmalı treasure|publisher=Museum Security}}</ref>
==Uşak Museum case==
The clear need for a museum worthy of the treasure was being voiced ever since the artifacts had returned to Turkey.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.worldpress.org/Europe/1491.cfm | title = Croesus: The poverty of treasure|author=Özgen Acar|author-link=Özgen Acar|publisher=[[Cumhuriyet]]| accessdate=2003-07-21}}</ref> With the seizure by the authorities of ten other illegally excavated artifacts in 1998, further archaeological discoveries and the known presence of eight gold pieces that had appeared in 2000 during an exhibition in a [[Paris]] private gallery for which attempts for retrieval were yet to be made, a handsome collection of base consisting of a total of 375 pieces was already accumulated. But the small museum in [[Uşak]] where the collection was placed, more focused on storage of [[Ushak carpet]]s and operating under conditions of budgetary and staff restraints,<ref>The number of experts working in Turkish museums halved from 1,500 to 750 in the last ten years. {{cite web|url=http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=48792|title=Croesus: Ten people charged in Croesus theft case|publisher=[[Turkish Daily News]]|accessdate=2003-07-21|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717031211/http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=48792|archivedate=2006-07-17}}</ref> did not fully meet the requirements for the preservation of Karu Treasure. Doubts about the site's suitability were reinforced by the filing of legal action against museum staff regarding the 2007 theft. Ten people were initially accused in relation to the hippocamp's replacement with a fake; the museum's former director was the only one kept in [[Arrest|custody]].
==Curse of the treasure==
Some{{who|date=December 2013}} in Uşak and beyond associate the treasure with a [[curse]]. Legend has it that the seven men who took part in the illegal digs "died violent deaths or suffered great misfortune".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/nov/25/king-croesus-treasure-returning-turkey|title= King Croesus's golden brooch to be returned to Turkey |work=The Guardian|author=Constanze Letsch|date=25 November 2012}}</ref> -->
== Galeri ==
<gallery>
File:Uşak Museum Karun Treasure 2191.jpg|Wadah
File:Uşak Museum Karun Treasure 2174.jpg|Kalung
File:Uşak Museum Karun Treasure alabastron 2297.jpg|Buli-buli
File:Uşak Museum Karun Treasure gold bracelet 2274.jpg|Gelang emas
File:Uşak Winged Karun Treasure fake seahorse brooch 2303.jpg|Tiruan kerongsang kuda sembrani separuh ikan
File:Uşak Museum Karun Treasure incense burner 2199.jpg|Pedupaan
File:Uşak Museum Karun Treasure incense burner 2197.jpg|Pedupaan
File:Uşak Museum Karun Treasure 2166.jpg|Kalung
File:Uşak Museum Karun Treasure 2219.jpg|Wadah
</gallery>
== Baca juga ==
{{Commons category}}
* [[Bin Tepe]]
* [[Perdagangan benda purbakala]]
* [[Sardis]]
== Rujukan ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Coord missing|Turkey}}
[[Kategori:Provinsi Uşak]]
[[Kategori:Lidia]]
[[Kategori:Repatriasi karya seni budaya]]
[[Kategori:Situs arkeologi di Kawasan Egea]]
[[Kategori:Sejarah Uşak]]
[[Kategori:Pencurian arkeologis]]
[[Kategori:Hubungan Turki–Amerika Serikat]]
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