Wikipedia

Nimrud: Perbedaan antara revisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
Revisi selanjutnya →
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
←Membuat halaman berisi '{{About|kota kuno|desa di Iran|Nimrud, Iran|other uses|Nimrod}} {{redirect|Kalhu|desa di Lorestan, Iran|Kolehu, Lorestan}} {{Infobox ancient site |name = Nimrud |n...'
 
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Baris 49:
 
Kota ini membentang pada area {{convert|360|ha}}.<ref name=mieroop /> Reruntuhannya ditemukan dalam jarak 1 kilometer dari desa Asiria modern [[Noomanea]] di [[Nineveh Province]], [[Irak]]. Terletak sekitar {{convert|30|km}} di sebelah tenggara [[Mosul]].
<!--▼
==History==
The Assyrian king [[Shalmaneser I]] (1274 BC – 1245 BC) built Kalhu (Calah/Nimrud) during the [[Middle Assyrian Empire]]. However, the ancient city of [[Ashur]] remained the capital of Assyria, as it had been since circa 3500 BC.
 
==Sejarah ==
A number of historians, such as [[Julian Jaynes]], believe that the Biblical figure [[Nimrod]] (of whom the far later Arab name for the city was derived) was inspired by the deeds of the real king of Assyria [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]] (1244-1207 BC), the son of Shalmaneser I, and a powerful conqueror. Others believe the name derived from the Assyrian god [[Ninurta]], who had a major cultic centre at Kalhu /Nimrud.<ref>Julian Jaynes (2000). The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. Mariner Books. Retrieved 2013-06-16.</ref>▼
Raja Asyur [[Salmaneser I]] (1274 SM – 1245 SM) membangun Kalhu (Calah/Nimrud) selama masa [[Kekaisaran Asiria Tengah]]. Namun, kota kuno [[Ashur]] tetap menjadi ibukota Asiria, sejak kira-kira 3500 SM.
 
▲ASejumlah numbersejarawan of historians, such asseperti [[Julian Jaynes]], believepercaya thatbahwa thetokoh Biblical figureAlkitab [[Nimrod]] (ofyang whomnamanya theberabad-abad farkemudian laterdipakai Araboleh nameorang forArab theuntuk citymenamai waskota derivedini) wasdiilhami inspiredoleh bytindakan theraja deedsAsiria of the real king of Assyriasesungguhnya [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]] (1244-1207 BCSM), theputra son of ShalmaneserSalmaneser I, anddan aseorang powerfulpenakluk conquerorkuat. OthersYang believelain thepercaya namenama deriveditu fromditurunkan thedari Assyriandewa godAsiria [[Ninurta]], who hadyang amempunyai majorpusat culticpemujaan centreutama atdi Kalhu /Nimrud.<ref>Julian Jaynes (2000). The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. Mariner Books. Retrieved 2013-06-16.</ref>
The city gained fame when king [[Ashurnasirpal II]] of the [[Neo-Assyrian Empire|Neo Assyrian Empire]] (883 BC - 859 BC) made it his capital at the expense of [[Ashur]]. He built a large palace and temples in the city that had fallen into a degree of disrepair during the Dark Ages of the mid 11th to mid 10th centuries BC.
[[File:Nimrud stele.jpg|thumb|left|A [[Stele]] from Nimrud.]]▼
A grand opening ceremony with festivities and an opulent banquet in 879&nbsp;BC is described in an inscribed [[Stela|stele]] discovered during [[Archeology|archeological]] excavations. The city of king Ashurnasirpal II housed perhaps as many as 100,000 inhabitants{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}}, and contained [[botanic gardens]] and a [[zoo]]. His son, [[Shalmaneser III]] (858–824&nbsp;BC), built the monument known as the Great [[Ziggurat]], and an associated temple.
 
Kota ini menjadi terkenal setelah raja [[Ashurnasirpal II]] dari [[Kekaisaran Asiria Baru]] (883 SM - 859 SM) menjadikannya ibukota menggantikan [[Ashur]]. Ia membangun istana dan kuil-kuil besar di kota yang kemudian menjadi reruntuhan selama Zaman Kegelapan dari pertengahan abad ke-11 sampai pertengahan abad ke-10 SM.
Kalhu remained the capital of the [[Assyrian Empire]] during the reigns of; [[Shamshi-Adad V]] (822-811 BC), [[Adad-nirari III]] (810- 782 BC), Queen [[Semiramis]] (810-806 BC), [[Adad-nirari III]] (806-782 BC), [[Shalmaneser IV]] (782 - 773 BC), [[Ashur-dan III]] (772-755 BC), [[Ashur-nirari V]] (754-746 BC), [[Tiglath-Pileser III]] (745-727 BC) and [[Shalmaneser V]] (726-723 BC). [[Tiglath-Pileser III]] in particular, conducted major building works in the city, as well as introducing [[Eastern Aramaic languages|Eastern Aramaic]] as the ''lingua franca'' of the empire.▼
▲[[File:Nimrud stele.jpg|thumb|left|ASebuah [[Stele]] fromdari Nimrud.]]
Upacara pembukaan dengan keramaian dan perjamuan mewah pada tahun 879&nbsp;SM dituliskan pada suatu prasasti yang ditemukan pada ekskavasi arkeologi. Kota ini dihuni oleh sekitar 100.000 penduduk dan juga mempunyai [[kebun raya]] dan [[kebun binatang]]. Putranya, [[Salmaneser III]] (858–824&nbsp;SM), membangun monumen yang dikenal sebagai [[Ziggurat]] Raksasa, dan sebuah kuil yang berhubungan.
 
▲Kalhu remainedmenjadi the capital of theibukota [[AssyrianKekaisaran EmpireAsiria]] during thepada reignsmasa of;pemerintahan [[Shamshi-Adad V]] (822-811 BCSM), [[Adad-nirari III]] (810- 782 BCSM), QueenRatu [[Semiramis]] (810-806 BCSM), [[Adad-nirari III]] (806-782 BCSM), [[Shalmaneser IV]] (782 - 773 BCSM), [[Ashur-dan III]] (772-755 BCSM), [[Ashur-nirari V]] (754-746 BCSM), [[TiglathTiglat-Pileser III]] (745-727 BCSM) anddan [[ShalmaneserSalmaneser V]] (726-723 BCSM). [[TiglathTiglat-Pileser III]] insecara particular,khusus conductedmendirikan majorbanyak buildingbangunan worksdi inkota thedan city,juga asmemperkenalkan wellbahasa as introducing [[Eastern Aramaic languages|Eastern Aramaic]]Aram astimur thesebagai ''lingua franca'' ofdi theseluruh empirekekaisaran.
However in 706&nbsp;BC [[Sargon II]] (722-705 BC) moved the capital of the empire to [[Dur-Sharrukin|Dur Sharrukin]], and after his death, [[Sennacherib]] (705-681 BC) moved it to [[Nineveh]]. It remained a major city and a royal residence until the city was largely destroyed during the fall of the Assyrian Empire at the hands of an alliance of former subject peoples, including; [[Babylonians]], [[Chaldea]]ns, [[Medes]], [[Persia]]ns, [[Scythians]] and [[Cimmerians]] (between 616 BC and 605 BC).
 
Namun pada tahun 706&nbsp;SM [[Sargon II]] (722-705 SM) memindahkan ibukota kekaisaran ke [[Dur-Sharrukin|Dur Sharrukin]], dan setelah kematianya, [[Sanherib]] (705-681 SM) memindahkannya ke [[Niniwe]]. Kota ini tetap menjadi kota besar dan tempat kediaman raja sampai dihancurkan sebagian besar pada waktunya jatuhnya kekaisaran Asiria di tangan pasukan gabungan bekas bangsa taklukannya termasuk orang [[Babel]], [[Kasdim]], [[Madai]], [[Persia]], [[Skit]] dan [[Kimeria]] (antara 616 SM dan 605 SM).
▲<!--
The [[Nineveh Province]] in which the ruins of Nimrud lie, is still the major center of Iraq's indigenous [[Assyrian people|Assyrian]] population (now exclusively [[Eastern Aramaic languages|Eastern Aramaic]] speaking [[Christians]]) to this day.
 
Baris 80:
 
==Archaeology==
[[File:Nimrud plan 1920.png|thumb|Plan of Nimrud, by Felix Jones bef.1920<ref name=budge1920 >{{Cite journal |first=Ernest Alfred Thompson Wallis|last=Budge |year=1920 |title=By Nile and Tigris: a narrative of journeys in Egypt and Mesopotamia on behalf of the British Museum between the years 1886 and 1913 |publisher=John Murray: London |oclc=558957855|url=http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924088412592#page/n437/ |postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}}</ref>]]
The site was first described by the British traveler [[Claudius James Rich]] in 1820, shortly before his death.
Excavations at Nimrud were first conducted by [[Austen Henry Layard]], working from 1845 to 1847 and from 1849 until 1851
Baris 163:
*[http://www.baghdadmuseum.org/secret/index.htm THE SECRET OF NIMRUD Photographs by Noreen Feeney]
 
<!-- Please respect alphabetical order -->
{{Nineveh Plains}}
 
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Nimrud"