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Baris 20: \|longEW = E \|coordinates_display = title \|location = Noomanea, [[~~Nineveh~~Kegubernuran ~~Province~~Ninawa]], [[Irak]] \|region = [[Mesopotamia]] \|type = Pemukiman Baris 48: '''Nimrud''' ({{lang-ar\|كال}}) adalah nama yang diberikan oleh [[orang Arab]] untuk kota kuno [Asiria]] '''Kalhu''' yang terletak di sebelah selatan Mosul pada [[sungai Tigris]] di bagian utara [[Mesopotamia]]. Arkeolog menyebut kota ini Nimrud menurut nama raja [[Nimrod]] yang tercatat dalam Alkitab sebagai seorang pemburu yang terkenal (lihat {{Alkitab\|Kejadian 10:11-12}}, {{Alkitab\|Mikha 5:5}}, dan {{Alkitab\|1 Tawarikh 1:10}}). Kota ini dikenal sebagai '''Kalah''' (Kalakh) dalam [[Alkitab]]. Kota ini membentang pada area {{convert\|360\|ha}}.<ref name=mieroop /> Reruntuhannya ditemukan dalam jarak 1 kilometer dari desa Asiria modern [[Noomanea]] di [[~~Nineveh~~Kegubernuran ~~Province~~Ninawa]], [[Irak]]. Terletak sekitar {{convert\|30\|km}} di sebelah tenggara [[Mosul]]. ==Sejarah == Raja Asyur [[:en:Shalmaneser I\|Salmaneser I]] (1274 SM – 1245 SM) membangun Kalhu (Kalah/Nimrud) selama masa [[Kekaisaran Asiria Tengah]]. Namun, kota kuno [[Ashur]] tetap menjadi ibukota Asiria, sejak kira-kira 3500 SM. Sejumlah sejarawan seperti [[:en:Julian Jaynes\|Julian Jaynes]], percaya bahwa tokoh Alkitab [[Nimrod]] (yang namanya berabad-abad kemudian dipakai oleh orang Arab untuk menamai kota ini) diilhami oleh tindakan raja Asiria sesungguhnya [[:en:Tukulti-Ninurta I\|Tukulti-Ninurta I]] (1244-1207 SM), putra Salmaneser I, dan seorang penakluk kuat. Yang lain percaya nama itu diturunkan dari dewa Asiria [[:en:Ninurta\|Ninurta]], yang mempunyai pusat pemujaan utama di Kalhu /Nimrud.<ref>Julian Jaynes (2000). The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. Mariner Books. Retrieved 2013-06-16.</ref> Kota ini menjadi terkenal setelah raja [[Ashurnasirpal II]] dari [[Kekaisaran Asiria Baru]] (883 SM - 859 SM) menjadikannya ibukota menggantikan [[Ashur]]. Ia membangun istana dan kuil-kuil besar di kota yang kemudian menjadi reruntuhan selama Zaman Kegelapan dari pertengahan abad ke-11 sampai pertengahan abad ke-10 SM. Baris 62: Namun pada tahun 706 SM [[Sargon II]] (722-705 SM) memindahkan ibukota kekaisaran ke [[Dur-Sharrukin\|Dur Sharrukin]], dan setelah kematianya, [[Sanherib]] (705-681 SM) memindahkannya ke [[Niniwe]]. Kota ini tetap menjadi kota besar dan tempat kediaman raja sampai dihancurkan sebagian besar pada waktunya jatuhnya kekaisaran Asiria di tangan pasukan gabungan bekas bangsa taklukannya termasuk orang [[Babel]], [[Kasdim]], [[Madai]], [[Persia]], [[Skit]] dan [[Kimeria]] (antara 616 SM dan 605 SM). <!--▼ The [[Nineveh Province]] in which the ruins of Nimrud lie, is still the major center of Iraq's indigenous [[Assyrian people\|Assyrian]] population (now exclusively [[Eastern Aramaic languages\|Eastern Aramaic]] speaking [[Christians]]) to this day. [[Kegubernuran Ninawa]] di mana reruntuhan Nimrud ditemukan, masih menjadi pusat populasi penduduk asli Asiria di Irak yang sekarang seluruhnya adalah orang [[Kristen]] berbahasa Aram timur, sampai hari ini. ~~The name Nimrud in connection with the site is apparently first used in the writings of [[Carsten Niebuhr]], who was in [[Mosul]] in March 1760.~~ Nama Nimrud dalam kaitan dengan situs ini nampaknya pertama kali digunakan dalam tulisan [[Carsten Niebuhr]], yang mengunjungi [[Mosul]] pada bulan Maret 1760. '''Ashurnasirpal II'''▼ ▲<!-- ▲~~'''~~=== Ashurnasirpal II~~'''~~ === King [[Ashurnasirpal II]], who reigned from 883 to 859 BC, built a new capital at Nimrud. Thousands of men worked to build a {{convert\|5\|mi\|km\|adj=on}} long wall surrounding the city and a grand palace. There were many inscriptions carved into limestone including one that said "The palace of cedar, cypress, juniper, boxwood, mulberry, pistachio wood, and tamarisk, for my royal dwelling and for my lordly pleasure for all time, I founded therein. Beasts of the mountains and of the seas, of white limestone and alabaster I fashioned and set them up on its gates." The inscriptions also described plunder stored at the palace. "Silver, gold, lead, copper and iron, the spoil of my hand from the lands which I had brought under my sway, in great quantities I took and placed therein." The inscriptions also described great feasts he had to celebrate his conquests. However his victims were horrified by his conquests. The text also said "Many of the captives I have taken and burned in a fire. Many I took. alive from some I cut off their hands to the wrists, from others I cut off their noses, ears and fingers; I put out the eyes of many of the soldiers. I burned their young men women and children to death." About a conquest in another vanquished city he wrote "I flayed the nobles as many as rebelled and spread their skins out on the piles." These shock tactics brought success in 877 BCE, when after a march to the Mediterranean he announced "I cleaned my weapons in the deep sea and performed sheep-offerings to the gods."<ref>Time Life Lost Civilizations series: ''Mesopotamia: The Mighty Kings''. (1995) p. 96–7</ref> Baris 102: Excavations revealed remarkable bas-reliefs, [[Nimrud Ivories\|ivories]], and sculptures. A statue of Ashurnasirpal II was found in an excellent state of preservation, as were colossal winged man-headed lions weighing {{convert\|10\|ST}} to {{convert\|30\|ST}}<ref name="Mesopotamia 1995 p. 112">Time Life Lost Civilizations series: ''Mesopotamia: The Mighty Kings''. (1995) p. 112–121</ref> each guarding the palace entrance. The large number of inscriptions dealing with king Ashurnasirpal II provide more details about him and his reign than are known for any other ruler of this epoch. Portions of the site have been also been identified as temples to [[Ninurta]] and [[Enlil]], a building assigned to [[Nabu]], the god of writing and the arts, and as extensive fortifications. -->▼ Istana-istana [[Ashurnasirpal II]], [[Salmaneser III]], dan [[Tiglat-Pileser III]] sudah berhasil ditemukan lokasinya.[[Prasasti Obelisk Hitam]] [[Salmaneser III]] yang terkenal ditemukan oleh Layard pada tahun 1846. Layard dibantuk oleh [[:en:Hormuzd Rassam\|Hormuzd Rassam]]. Monumen itu berdiri setinggi enam kaki setengah dan memperingati kemenangan raja itu dalam berbagai peperangan pada tahun 859–824 SM. Berbentuk seperti menara kuil di atasnya dan berakhir pada tiga anak tangga. Pada satu panel, orang Israel yang dipimpin oleh raja [[Yehu]] digambarkan membayar upeti dan menyembah di tanah di kaki raja Salmaneser III, yang melakukan pemujaan kepada dewanya. Teks kuneiform pada obelisk itu berbunyi "Yehu putra [[Omri]]", dan menyebut hadiah dari [[emas]], [[perak]], [[timah hitam]], dan tombak-tombak. === ~~Treasure~~Harta ofkarun Nimrud ===▼ The palaces of [[Ashurnasirpal II]], Shalmaneser III, and [[Tiglath-Pileser III]] have been located. The famous [[Black Obelisk]] of Shalmaneser III was discovered by Layard in 1846. Layard was aided by [[Hormuzd Rassam]]. The monument stands six-and-a-half-feet tall and commemorates the king's victorious campaigns of 859–824 BC. It is shaped like a temple tower at the top, ending in three steps. On one panel, Israelites led by king [[Jehu]] of [[Israel]] pay tribute and bow in the dust before king Shalmaneser III, who is making a libation to his god. The cuneiform text on the obelisk reads "Jehu the son of [[Omri]]", and mentions gifts of [[gold]], [[silver]], [[lead]], and spear shafts. "Treasure of Nimrud" ("harta karun Nimrud") digali pada ekskavasi ini merupakan suatu koleksi 613 biji perhiasan emas dan batu-batu mulia. Berhasil diselamatkan dari kekacauan dan penjarahan arkeologi setelah serangan tahun 2003 pada Irak. Disimpan dalam suatu kotak penyimpanan di bank dan diketemukan kembali setelah 12 tahun disimpan, pada tanggal 5 Juni 2003.<ref>http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/06/0602_030602_iraqgold.html</ref> ▲=== Treasure of Nimrud === The "Treasure of Nimrud" unearthed in these excavations is a collection of 613 pieces of gold jewelry and precious stones. It has survived the confusions and [[Archaeological looting in Iraq\|looting]] after the [[2003 invasion of Iraq\|invasion of Iraq]] in 2003 in a bank vault, where it had been put away for 12 years and was "rediscovered" on June 5, 2003.<ref>http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/06/0602_030602_iraqgold.html</ref> ▲--> === Patung-patung raksasa dipindahkan ke London=== [[File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 14 West Wall (M + N) ~ Assyrian Empire + Lamassu, Gates at Balawat, Relief Panel's & Full Projection.3.jpg\|thumb]]

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