Linde (pohon): Perbedaan antara revisi

{{taxobox

|image = Tilia tomentosa.jpg

|subdivision = Sekitar 30

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'''''Tilia''''' merupakan suatu [[genus]] yang terdiri dari kira-kira 30 [[spesies]] pohon [[:en:native plant|asli]] di hampir seluruh wilayah [[Belahan Utara]] [[:en:temperateness|bersuhu sedang]]. [[:en:Common name|Nama umumnya]] '''lime tree''' di kepulauan Britania (''British Isles''), meskipun tumbuhan ini bukan kerabat dekat [[:en:Lime (fruit)|buah lime (jeruk pecel)]]. Nama lain adalah pohon '''linden''' dan '''basswood'''. Genus ini dijumpai di Eropa dan Amerika Utara bagian timur, tetapi keragaman spesies terbesar terdapat di [[Asia]]. Menurut [[:en:Cronquist system|sistem klasifikasi Cronquist]], genus ini ditempatkan dalam [[familia]] [[Tiliaceae]], tetapi riset genetika yang diikhtisarkan oleh [[:en:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group|Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]] menghasilkan penggolongan genus ini ke dalam [[familia]] [[Malvaceae]].

 

 

==Nama==

[[File:Tilia johnsoni 01.jpg||thumb|''[[Tilia johnsoniT. johnsoni]]'' leaf fossil, 49 [[mya (unit)|Ma]], Washington, USA]]

Di Eropa, sejumlah pohon ''linden'' mencapai usia yang lanjut. Sebuah [[:en:coppice|coppice]] dari ''T. cordata'' di [[Westonbirt Arboretum]], wilayah [[Gloucestershire]] diperkirakan berusia 2.000 tahun.<ref>[http://www.forestry.gov.uk/forestry/infd-73egts Situs forestry gov UK- Tilia]</ref> Di halaman pekarangan "Imperial Castle" di Nuremberg ada sebatang pohon ''Tilia'' yang menurut tradisi pada tahun [[1900]], ditanama oleh [[:en:Cunigunde of Luxembourg|Empress Cunigunde]], istri [[:en:Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry II dari Jerman]] sekitar tahun [[1000]]. ''Tilia'' di Neuenstadt am Kocher, wilayah Baden-Württemberg, Jerman, diperkirakan berusia 1000 tahun ketika tumbang.<ref name=Keeler /> Pohon "Alte Linde" di Naters, [[Swiss]], disebut dalam suatu dokumen tahun [[1357]] dan dipaparkan oleh seorang penulis pada waktu itu sebagai ''magnam'' (raksasa). Sebuah ''plaque'' di kaki pohon menyebutkan bahwa pada tahun [[1155]] sudah ada sebuah pohon linden di tempat itu. [[:en:Najevnik linden tree|Pohon linden Najevnik]] ({{lang-sl|Najevska lipa}}), yaitu ''Tilia cordata'' yang berusia 700 tahun, merupakan pohon terlebat di [[Slovenia]].<ref name="DEDI">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.dedi.si/dediscina/263-najevska-lipa |title=Najevska lipa |trans_title=Najevnik Linden Tree |encyclopedia=Enciklopedija naravne in kulturne dediščine na Slovenskem – DEDI [Encyclopedia of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Slovenia] |first1=Mateja |last1=Šmid Hribar |editor1-first=Mateja |editor1-last=Šmid Hribar |editor2-first=Gregor |editor2-last=Golež |editor3-first=Dan |editor3-last=Podjed |editor4-first=Drago |editor4-last=Kladnik |editor5-first=Bojan |editor5-last=Erhartič |editor6-first=Primož |editor6-last=Pavlin |editor7-first=Jerele |editor7-last=Ines |accessdate=28 August 2013 |language=Slovenian}}</ref>

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==Uses==

The linden is recommended as an ornamental tree when a mass of foliage or a deep shade is desired.<ref name=Keeler /> The tree produces fragrant and nectar-producing flowers, the medicinal [[herb]] lime blossom. They are very important [[honey]] plants for [[beekeeping|beekeepers]], producing a very pale but richly flavoured [[monofloral honey]]. The flowers are also used for [[herbal tea]]s and [[tinctures]]; this kind of use is particularly popular in Europe and also used in North American herbal medicine practices.

 

The [[timber]] of linden trees is soft and easily worked; it has very little [[wood grain|grain]] and a density of 560&nbsp;kg per cubic metre.<ref>[http://www.nichetimbers.co.uk/european-hardwood/lime/ Lime timber]. Niche Timbers. Accessed 19-08-2009.</ref> During the [[Viking era]], it was often used for constructing shields. It is a popular wood for model building and intricate carving. Especially in Germany, it was the classic wood for [[sculpture]] from the Middle Ages onwards and is the material for the elaborate [[altarpiece]]s of [[Veit Stoss]], [[Tilman Riemenschneider]], and many others. In England, it was the favoured medium of the sculptor [[Grinling Gibbons]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hrp.org.uk/HamptonCourtPalace/GrinlingGibbons |title=Hampton Court Palace: Grinling Gibbons |publisher=Hrp.org.uk |accessdate=2012-07-06}}</ref> The wood is used in [[marionette]], [[puppet]] making and carving. Having a fine light grain and being comparatively light in weight, it has been used for centuries for this purpose despite modern alternatives being available, and is still one of the main materials used today.