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By the beginning of the [[19th century]], the United Kingdom's heavy reliance on slavery resulted in blacks outnumbering whites by a ratio of almost 20 to one, leading to constant threat of revolt. Following a series of rebellions, slavery was formally abolished in [[1834]], with full [[emancipation]] from chattel slavery declared in [[1838]].
Jamaica slowly gained increasing independence from the [[United Kingdom]], and in [[1958]] Jamaica became a province in the [[Federation of the West Indies]], a federation between all the [[British West Indies]]. Jamaica attained full independence by leaving the federations in [[1962]].
However, the initial optimism following Jamaican independence for the next decade or so vanished as Jamaica lagged economically. Rising foreign debt under the government of [[Michael Manley]], who was determined to alleviate Jamaica's severe economic inequality, led to the imposition of [[IMF]] austerity measures. Deteriorating economic conditions and the involvement of the Central Intelligence Agency due to Manley's international socialism and friendship with Fidel Castro, led to a desperately fought re-election campaign between Manley's [[People's National Party]] and the main opposition, the [[Jamaican Labour Party]]. Both political parties became linked with rival gangs in Kingston which were duly armed. This policy, along with the increasing emergence of Jamaica as a smuggling point for cocaine during the [[1980s]], led to recurrent violence and only served to increase the impoverishment of a large section of the Jamaican populace. The ultimate result of this cycle of violence, drugs and poverty has been the brutal gun warfare seen on Kingston's streets from the mid-[[1990s]] onwards. The Jamaican police force has also been accused of complicity in this murderous side of the island. It must be noted however that the rural sections of the island, especially in and around the resort towns of Negril, Montego Bay and Ocho Rios, remain quite safe.
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== Politik ==
Saat ini, Jamaika menganut draf [[Konstitusi]] tahun 1962 oleh berbagai gabungan komite legislatur Jamaika. Itu dimulai setelah Jamaika meraih kemerdekaan. Dengan ''Jamaica Independence Act 1962'', Parlemen [[Inggris]] mengakui kemerdekaan politik Jamaika.
Di Jamaika, [[kepala negara]] adalah Ratu [[Elizabeth II]] yang tampil sebagai ''Ratu Jamaika''. Kehadiran ratu direpresentasikan oleh seorang [[Gubernur Jenderal]] yang dinominasikan oleh [[perdana menteri]] dan kerajaan. Secara bergilir, ratu dan gubernur jenderal tampil sebagai pejabat seremonial.
Sistem Parlemen Jamaika adalah [[bikameral]], antara Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (''House of Representatives'') dan [[Senat]]. Anggota dewan (dikenal dengan ''Members of Parliament'' atau MPs) dipilih. Seorang pimpinan dewan berasal dari [[perdana menteri]]. Senator bersama perdana menteri yang berasal dari [[pimpinan oposisi]].
Perdana Menteri Jamaika [[Portia Simpson-Miller]] menjabat sejak akhir Maret [[2006]], menggantikan [[P. J. Patterson]]. Saat ini, pimpinan oposisi adalah [[Bruce Golding]]. Jamaika constitution requires the Prime Minister to call the next general election by October 2007.
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