Ostrakon Mesad Hashavyahu: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Ostrakon Meṣad Hashavyahu''' adalah sebuah pecahan keramik (''[[ostrakon]]'') yang ditemukan di reruntuhan benteng kuno di perbatasan [[Kerajaan Yehuda]] menghadap ke wilayah orang [[Filistin]], yaitu kota [[Asdod]] dekat [[Laut Tengah]]. Benteng itu terletak 1.7 km sebelah selatan [[:en:Yavne-Yam|Yavne-Yam]] (pelabuhan laut) dan 7 km sebelah barat laut kota [[Yavne]] (kota utama). Nama benteng ini tidak diketahui, tetapi lokasi ini dinamai menurut sebuah nama yang tertulis dalam sejumlah ostrakon, termasuk ostrakon utama, yang ditemukan di sana. Situs ini meliputi area seluas kurang lebih {{convert|1.5|acre|m2}}.

 

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Both [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] pottery and Judahite ostraca were found (see below). Some scholars believe the site had been used by Greek mercenaries. They might have been serving under Judean command in Josiah's battles against the [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian]] army, as [[Yohanan Aharoni]] supposed. But both Greek and Judahite mercenaries served in the Egyptian army at the time of the late monarchic period. According to [[Israel Finkelstein]], "it is therefore quite reasonable that the unit stationed in the Egyptian fort of Messad Hashavyahu included Judahite mercenaries", and Egyptian control was more likely than Judean: "there can be little doubt that Egypt, which expanded in the late 7th century [BCE] along the coast of the Levant, was strong enough to prevent Josiah from building an isolated fort in the middle of an area in which Egypt had strong strategic interests".<ref name="FinkelsteinSilberman2002">{{cite book|author1=Israel Finkelstein|author2=Neil Asher Silberman|title=[[The Bible Unearthed|The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Isreal and the Origin of Sacred Texts]] |date=2002 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-0-7432-2338-6}}: [http://books.google.com/books?id=lu6ywyJr0CMC&pg=PA350 p.350–351]</ref> One of the significant issues dependent on this debate is whether or not the [[Kingdom of Judah]] under [[Josiah]] had access to a sea port. The fact that the fort was south-facing may imply that it was built for the protection of [[Yavne]] and the surrounding agricultural lands including the seaport area of [[Yavne-Yam]], against aggressors from the south, either Philistine or Egyptian.

Daerah ini diekskavasi oleh Joseph Naveh pada tahun 1960.<ref name="phoenixdatasystems">[http://www.phoenixdatasystems.com/goliath/c7/c7d.htm The Philistines from Hezekiah to Josiah]</ref><ref>Naveh, J. "A Hebrew Letter from the Seventh Century B.C.," in ''Israel Exploration Journal, Vol 10, Nr 3, 1960, 129-139''</ref><ref name="kchanson">K.C. Hanson, [http://www.kchanson.com/ANCDOCS/westsem/yavneh.html The Yavneh-Yam Ostracon]</ref>

 

Salah satu penemuan penting di lokasi "Mesad Hashavyahu" adalah sebuah [[ostrakon]] yang memuat tulisan seorang pekerja lapangan menyampaikan naik banding kepada pemimpin benteng berkaitan dengan perampasan jubahnya, yang oleh si penulis dianggap tidak adil.<ref name="phoenixdatasystems" /> Pekerja itu mengajukan banding kepada si pemimpin berdasarkan perampasan jubah yang tidak sepatutnya serta implikasi dari hukum Alkitab yang menyebutkan penahanan jubah melewati matahari terbenam sebagai jaminan hutang ({{Alkitab|Keluaran 22:26-27}}; bandingkan {{Alkitab|Ulangan 24:12-13}}). Meskipun petisi itu tidak secara spesifik mengutip hukum itu, tetapi diyakini sudah menjadi pengetahuan umum bagi para penguasa dan penduduk biasa pada waktu itu. Ostrakon itu juga memuat rujukan tertulis tertua di luar Alkitab mengenai pelaksanaan hari istirahat [[Sabat]] (Sabtu).<ref name="COJS.ORG">[http://www.cojs.org/cojswiki/The_First_Extra-Biblical_Reference_to_the_Sabbath%2C_c._630_BCE The First Extra-Biblical Reference to the Sabbath, c.630BCE]</ref>

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The ostracon was found under the floor of a room adjacent to the guardhouse/gate complex, is approximately 20&nbsp;cm high by 16.5&nbsp;cm wide, and contains 14 visible lines of text. In all, seven key artifacts were recovered, six of them inscribed ostraca in the Hebrew language. Pottery shards in the layer above represented Greek (early Ionian/Southwest Anatolian) or Persian-period pottery. The ostraca from this site are currently located in the Israel Museum at Jerusalem.<ref name="kchanson"/>

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ישמע אדני השר

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Berikut adalah terjemahan bahasa Indonesia dari tulisan pada ostrakon yang terdiri dari 14 baris dalam [[bahasa Ibrani]].<ref>Berdasarkan terjemahan bahasa Inggris dari Klaas Smelik dalam ''Writings from Ancient Israel'', Westminster/John Knox Press, 1991, halaman 96.</ref>

 

* Bagian [[Alkitab]] yang berkaitan: [[Keluaran 22]], [[Ulangan 24]]

 

{{Reflist}}

 

* [http://cojs.org/cojswiki/Mezad_Hashavyahu_Ostracon,_c._630_BCE Mezad Hashavyahu Ostracon]

* [http://www.kchanson.com/ANCDOCS/westsem/yavneh.html Yavneh Yam Ostracon]