Sistem sosial-ekologi: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Siham.afatta (bicara | kontrib)
Siham.afatta (bicara | kontrib)
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# Kumpulan dari beberapa sumber daya penting (alam, sosioekonomi, dan budaya) dimana aliran dan pemanfaatanya diatur oleh kombinasi dari beberapa sistem ekologi dan sosial; dan
# Sebuah sistem yang kompleks, dan senantiasa dinamis dengan beradaptasi.<ref>Redman, C., Grove, M. J. and Kuby, L. (2004). Integrating Social Science into the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network: Social Dimensions of Ecological Change and Ecological Dimensions of Social Change. Ecosystems Vol.7(2), pp. 161-171.</ref><ref>Machlis, G.E., Force J.E, and. Burch, W.R Jr. (1997) The human ecosystem part I: The human ecosystem as an organizing concept in ecosystem management. Society and Natural Resources, Vol.10, pp.347-367.</ref><ref>Gunderson, L. H., and Holling C. S. (2002) Panarchy: understanding transformations in human and natural systems. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.</ref><ref>Berkes, F., Colding, J., and Folke, C. (2003) Navigating social–ecological systems: building resilience for complexity and change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.</ref>
SSE, sederhananya, adalah bentukan dari sistem manusia dan sistem alam yang saling berkaitan dan saling mempengaruhi.<ref>Berkes, F, Folke, C & Colding, J 2000, Linking social and ecological systems: Management practices and social mechanisms for building resilience, Cambridge University Press.</ref> Keterhubungan ini juga dijabarkan beberapa cendekiawan dalam istilah konsep lain seperti "sistem sosioekologi" (''socioecological system'')<ref>Young, OR, Berkhout, F, Gallopin, GC, Janssen, MA, Ostrom, E & van der Leeuw, S 2006, 'The globalization of socio-ecological systems: An agenda for scientific research', Global Environmental Change, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 304-16.</ref>, "sistem ekososisal" (''ecosocial system'')<ref>Krieger, N., 1994 'Epidemiology and the web of causation: has anyone seen the spider?', Social Science and Medicine, no.39, pp. 887-903</ref>, dan "sistem manusia-alam yang tergandeng " (''coupled human-environment system'')<ref>Turner, Billie Lee, Pamela A. Matson, James J. McCarthy, Robert W. Corell, Lindsey Christensen, Noelle Eckley, Grete K. Hovelsrud-Broda et al. 2003 "Illustrating the coupled human–environment system for vulnerability analysis: three case studies." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100, no. 14, pp. 8080-85.</ref>.

== Sejarah ==
Istilah 'sistem sosial-ekologi' pertama kali dilontarkan di 1998 oleh Fikret Berkes dan Carl Folke sebab dalam analisa riset mereka ingin memberikan proporsi yang seimbang antara dimensi sosial dan ekologi, ketimbang condong pada satu sistem saja, dalam proses analisa riset.<ref>Berkes, F. and C. Folke. 1998. Linking social and ecological systems: management practices and social mechanisms for building resilience. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.</ref>
 
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