Kekristenan Kelt: Perbedaan antara revisi

 

Insular Christianity developed distinct traditions and practices, most pointedly concerning the ''[[computus]]'' of [[Easter controversy|Easter]], as it produced the most obvious signs of disunity:<ref name=Lloyd175176>{{harvnb|Lloyd|1912|pp=175–177}}</ref> the old and new methods did not usually agree, causing Christians following one system to begin celebrating the feast of the [[Resurrection of Jesus|Resurrection]] while others continued to solemnly observe [[Lent]].{{efn|Indeed, this is noted as occurring in the household of King [[Oswiu of Northumbria]], whose kingdom had been evangelised by both Irish and Roman missionaries.<ref>{{harvnb|Lloyd|1912|p=176}} and note.</ref>}} [[Christian monasticism|Monasticism]] spread widely; the [[Llandaff Charters]] record over fifty religious foundations in southeast Wales alone. Although the ''[[clasau]]'' were rather modest affairs, great [[monasteries]] and [[monastic schools]] also developed at [[Llantwit Major]] (''{{lang|cy|Llanilltud Fawr}}''), [[Bangor Cathedral#History|Bangor]], and [[Iona#History|Iona]]. The [[tonsure]] differed from that elsewhere and also became a point of contention. A distinction that became increasingly important was the nature of church organisation: some monasteries were led by married clergy, inheritance of religious offices was common (in Wales, as late as the 12th century),<ref name=powys>{{cite web |url=http://history.powys.org.uk/history/common/early1.html |title=Early Christianity in Wales |website=Powys Digital History Project }}</ref> and illegitimacy was treated much more leniently with fathers simply needing to acknowledge the child for him to inherit an equal share with his brothers. Prior to their conquest by England, most churches have records of bishops and priest but not an established [[parish]] system. Pre-conquest, most Christians would not attend regular services but relied on members of the monastic communities who would occasionally make preaching tours through the area.<ref name=powys/>

====Wales====

<!--{{see also|List of Welsh saints}}

 

The death of hundreds of British clerics to the pagan king [[Æthelfrith]] of the [[Kingdom of Northumbria]] around 616 at the [[Battle of Chester]] was taken by [[Bede]] as fulfillment of a prophecy allegedly made by [[Augustine of Hippo]] that the British church would receive war and death from the Saxons they refused to proselytise.<ref>{{harvnb|Lloyd|1912|p=180}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Yorke|2006|pp=118-119}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Bede |title=Ecclesiastical History of England |location=London |publisher=George Bell and Sons |date=1907 |url=https://archive.org/details/forestculturean01coopgoog |via=Internet Archive }}</ref>{{page needed|date=May 2017}}{{efn|Bede says 1,200 British clergy died; the ''[[Anglo-Saxon Chronicle]]'' says 200. Bede is unclear on the date of the battle, but the current view is that it occurred in 616.}} Despite the inaccuracies of their system, the Britons did not adopt the Roman and Saxon ''[[computus]]'' until induced to do so around 768 by "[[Bishop of Bangor|Archbishop]]" [[Elfodd]] of "Gwynedd". The [[Norman invasion of Wales]] finally brought Welsh dioceses under [[Kingdom of England|England]]'s control. The development of legends about the mission of Fagan and Deruvian and [[Philip the Apostle]]'s dispatch of [[Joseph of Arimathea]] in part aimed to preserve the priority and authority of the native establishments at [[Diocese of St David's|St David's]], [[Diocese of Llandaff|Llandaff]], and [[Glastonbury Abbey|Glastonbury]]. It was not until the death of [[Bishop of St Davids|Bishop]] [[Bernard (bishop of St Davids)|Bernard]] ({{circa|lk=no|1147}}) that St&nbsp;Davids finally abandoned its claims to metropolitan status and submitted to the [[Province of Canterbury]], by which point the popularity of [[Geoffrey of Monmouth]]'s pseudohistorical ''[[Historia Regum Britanniae]]'' had begun spreading these inventions further afield. Such ideas were used by mediaeval anti-Roman movements such as the [[Lollardy|Lollards]] and followers of [[John Wycliffe]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Tuchman |first=B. |date=1978 |title=A Distant Mirror |publisher=Ballantine Books |location=New York |isbn=0-345-34957-1 }}</ref> as well as by English Catholics during the [[English Reformation]]. The legend that Jesus himself visited Britain is referred to in [[William Blake]]'s 1804 poem "[[And did those feet in ancient time]]". The words of Blake's poem were set to music in 1916 by [[Hubert Parry]] as the well-known hymn or anthem "Jerusalem".

====Scotland====

[[Image:Columba at Bridei's fort.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Columba]] pada gerbang benteng [[Bridei I]].]]

{{see also|List of Cornish saints}}

A Welshman of noble birth, [[Saint Petroc]] was educated in Ireland. He set out in a small boat with a few followers. In a type of ''peregrinatio'', they let God determine their course. The winds and tides brought them to the Padstow estuary.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.padstowparishchurch.org.uk/padstowchurch.htm |title=The Story of St. Petroc |website=St. Petroc's, Padstow |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130820051815/http://www.padstowparishchurch.org.uk/padstowchurch.htm |archive-date=20 August 2013 }}</ref> [[Kevin of Glendalough]] was a student of Petroc. [[Saint Endelienta]] was the daughter of the Welsh king [[Brychan]]. She also travelled to [[Cornwall]] to evangelize the locals. Her brother [[Nectan of Hartland]] worked in Devon. [[Saint Piran]] is the patron saint of tin miners. An Irishman, he is said to have floated across to Cornwall after being thrown into the sea tied to a millstone. He has been identified on occasion with [[Ciarán of Saigir]].<ref name=schaff>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/encyc03/Page_117.html |title=Saint Ciaran of Saigir |encyclopedia=New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge |page=117 }}</ref>

=== Irlandia ===

[[File:Stpatrick hilloftara.jpg|thumb|right|St. Patrick]]

A uniquely Irish [[penance|penitential system]] was eventually adopted as a universal practice of the Church by the [[Fourth Lateran Council]] of 1215.

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== Tradisi Pan-Keltik ==

Caitlin Corning mengidentifikasi empat kebiasaan umum yang terdapat pada gereja-gereja Irlandia dan Britania tetapi dijalankan di tempat lain dalam dunia Kristen.<ref>{{harvnb|Corning|2006|pp=1–19}}</ref>