Ethiopian Airlines Penerbangan 961: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Pada tanggal 3 Desember 1996, ''[[Direction Generale de l'Aviation Civile des Comores]]'' Komoro sepakat untuk menyerahkan penyelidikan ET961 kepada [[Ethiopian Civil Aviation Authority]] (ECAA).<ref>{{cite web|title=Ethiopian Airlines B767(ET-AIZ) Aircraft Accident in the Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros, in the Indian Ocean on November 23, 1996 |date=4 May 1998 |page=6/99 (Preface) |publisher=[[Ethiopian Civil Aviation Authority]] |url=http://www.fss.aero/accident-reports/dvdfiles/ET/1996-11-23-ET.pdf |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6ONsgTEDd?url=http://www.fss.aero/accident-reports/dvdfiles/ET/1996-11-23-ET.pdf |archivedate=27 March 2014 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}</ref> [[Air Accidents Investigation Branch]] (AAIB) menganalisis perekam penerbangan.<ref name=Reportp23OF99>{{cite web|title=Ethiopian Airlines B767(ET-AIZ) Aircraft Accident in the Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros, in the Indian Ocean on November 23, 1996 |date=4 May 1998 |page=17 (23/99) |publisher=[[Ethiopian Civil Aviation Authority]] |url=http://www.fss.aero/accident-reports/dvdfiles/ET/1996-11-23-ET.pdf |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6ONsgTEDd?url=http://www.fss.aero/accident-reports/dvdfiles/ET/1996-11-23-ET.pdf |archivedate=27 March 2014 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}</ref>
==
Laporan kecelakaan resmi mencantumkan daftar penumpang dan awak yang selamat dan meninggal dunia. Ke-12 awak kabin merupakan warga negara Etiopia. Enam di antaranya selamat, termasuk pilot dan kopilot.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ethiopian Airlines B767(ET-AIZ) Aircraft Accident in the Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros, in the Indian Ocean on November 23, 1996 |date=4 May 1998 |page=Appendix E (Page 1 of 6), p. 61 (PDF document 67/99) - List of Surviving Crew Members (Table 1), List of Fatally Injured Crew Members (Table 2) |publisher=[[Ethiopian Civil Aviation Authority]] |url=http://www.fss.aero/accident-reports/dvdfiles/ET/1996-11-23-ET.pdf |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6ONsgTEDd?url=http://www.fss.aero/accident-reports/dvdfiles/ET/1996-11-23-ET.pdf |archivedate=27 March 2014 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}</ref>
Penumpang berasal dari 36 negara. Berikut daftar penumpang pesawat (termasuk pembajak; kecuali awak kabin):
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"
|-
!Kebangsaan!!Jumlah penumpang!!Selamat
|-
|align=left|{{AUT}}||1||0
|-
|align=left|{{flag|Belgium}}||1||0
|-
|align=left|{{flag|Benin}}||2||0
|-
|align=left|{{CMR}}||2||0
|-
|align=left|{{CAN}}||1||0
|-
|align=left|{{flag|Chad}}||1||0
|-
|align=left|{{COG}}||5||2
|-
|align=left|{{flag|Ivory Coast}}||1||0
|-
|align=left|{{flag|Djibouti}}||2||2
|-
|align=left|{{flag|Egypt}}||1||0
|-
|align=left|{{flag|Ethiopia|1996}}||19||3
|-
|align=left|{{FRA}}||4||2
|-
|align=left|{{DEU}}||1||0
|-
|align=left|{{HUN}}||1||0
|-
|align=left|{{IND}}||20||6
|-
|align=left|{{ISR}}||8||1
|-
|align=left|{{ITA}}||4||4
|-
|align=left|{{flag|Japan|1947}}||2||1
|-
|align=left|{{KEN}}||14||6
|-
|align=left|{{flag|South Korea|1984}}||1||0
|-
|align=left|{{flag|Lesotho|1987}}||1||1
|-
|align=left|{{flag|Liberia}}||2||0
|-
|align=left|{{flag|Mali}}||12||3
|-
|align=left|{{NGA}}||23||4
|-
|align=left|{{flag|Pakistan}}||1||0
|-
|align=left|{{flag|Sierra Leone}}||1||0
|-
|align=left|{{SOM}}||1||0
|-
|align=left|{{LKA}}||9||0
|-
|align=left|{{SWE}}||2||0
|-
|align=left|{{CHE}}||1||0
|-
|align=left|{{UGA}}||1||1
|-
|align=left|{{UKR}}||4||3
|-
|align=left|{{GBR}}||7||2
|-
|align=left|{{USA}}||5||3
|-
|align=left|{{YEM}}||1||0
|-
|align=left|{{flag|Zaire}}||1||0
|- class="unsortable"
! Total !! 163 !! 44
|}
[[File:Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 seating plan.svg|thumb|400px|Denah pesawat yang menunjukkan tempat duduk penumpang dan awak yang meninggal dan selamat]]
The deceased passenger count includes the three hijackers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ethiopian Airlines B767(ET-AIZ) Aircraft Accident in the Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros, in the Indian Ocean on November 23, 1996 |date=4 May 1998 |page=Appendix E (Pages 2–6 of 6) |publisher=[[Ethiopian Civil Aviation Authority]] |url=http://www.fss.aero/accident-reports/dvdfiles/ET/1996-11-23-ET.pdf |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6ONsgTEDd?url=http://www.fss.aero/accident-reports/dvdfiles/ET/1996-11-23-ET.pdf |archivedate=27 March 2014 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}</ref>
42 penumpang di antaranya berangkat di [[Mumbai|Bombay]], termasuk:<ref name="NYT"/>
* 3 warga negara Amerika Serikat
* 9 warga negara Nigeria
* 9 warga negara Sri Lanka
* 19 warga negara India
Sisanya berangkat di Addis Ababa.
Dari 175 penumpang dan awak, 125 tewas, termasuk tiga pembajak. Menurut laporan kecelakaan, keenam awak dan 38 penumpang yang selamat mengalami cedera parah, dua penumpang cedera ringan, dan empat penumpang tidak cedera.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ethiopian Airlines B767(ET-AIZ) Aircraft Accident in the Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros, in the Indian Ocean on November 23, 1996 |date=4 May 1998 |page=10 (PDF 16/99) |publisher=[[Ethiopian Civil Aviation Authority]] |url=http://www.fss.aero/accident-reports/dvdfiles/ET/1996-11-23-ET.pdf |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6ONsgTEDd?url=http://www.fss.aero/accident-reports/dvdfiles/ET/1996-11-23-ET.pdf |archivedate=27 March 2014 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}</ref> Seorang anak warga negara Etiopia merupakan salah satu korban tewas.<ref name=Reportp66>{{cite web|title=Ethiopian Airlines B767(ET-AIZ) Aircraft Accident in the Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros, in the Indian Ocean on November 23, 1996 |date=4 May 1998 |page=66 (72/99) |publisher=[[Ethiopian Civil Aviation Authority]] |url=http://www.fss.aero/accident-reports/dvdfiles/ET/1996-11-23-ET.pdf |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6ONsgTEDd?url=http://www.fss.aero/accident-reports/dvdfiles/ET/1996-11-23-ET.pdf |archivedate=27 March 2014 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}</ref>
Banyak korban tewas awalnya selamat dari pendaratan jatuh, tetapi mereka tidak peduli atau tidak mendengar peringatan kapten agar tidak mengembangkan baju pelampung di dalam pesawat. Ketika air membanjiri pesawat, penumpang yang telanjur mengembangkan baju pelampungnya semakin terperangkap ke atas langit-langit. Karena tidak dapat melepaskan diri, mereka tenggelam. Sekitar 60 sampai 80 penumpang diduga tenggelam karena belum melepaskan sabuk pengamannya.<ref name="Plane is hijacked; crashes in ocean off East Africa"/><ref name="Ethiopian airline crash kills at least 50"/>
Leul dan Yonas<!--Ethiopians do not have family names--> selamat. Atas keberaniannya, Leul dianugerahi Flight Safety Foundation Professionalism in Flight Safety Award.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flightsafety.org/aviation-awards/fsf-professionalism-award-flight-safety|title=Flight Safety Foundation Award in Flight Professionalism|date=|accessdate=8 October 2009|work=Flight Safety Foundation|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521071136/http://flightsafety.org/aviation-awards/fsf-professionalism-award-flight-safety|archivedate=21 May 2013}}</ref>
===Penumpang ternama===
Salah satu korban meninggal adalah [[Mohamed Amin]], fotojurnalis perang dan penerbit ''Selamta'', majalah pesawat Ethiopian Airlines.<ref>Episode Seven, ''[[Mo & Me]]'': [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9XLbaOfqM6I Part 1], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6m-d2GWY1M Part 2]</ref> Ia diketahui berdiri di dekat pintu kokpit sambil bernegosiasi dengan pembajak dan menjaga kokpit pada detik-detik terakhir kecelakaan. Brian Tetley, kolega Amin, juga meninggal dunia.<ref name="Mohamed Amin, 53, Camera Eye During the Famine in Ethiopia"/>
Pejabat [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]], Leslianne Shedd, yang ditugaskan ke Ethiopia, meninggal dalam kecelakaan ini. Dalam upacara Annual Memorial Ceremony to Honor Fallen Colleagues tahun 2012, CIA mengatakan bahwa sejumlah korban selamat memberitahu CIA bahwa "Leslianne...menghabiskan masa-masa terakhirnya menenangkan para penumpang di sekitarnya."<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |date=22 May 2012 |title=CIA Holds Annual Memorial Ceremony to Honor Fallen Colleagues |url=https://www.cia.gov/news-information/press-releases-statements/2012-press-releasese-statements/2012-memorial-ceremony.html |accessdate=25 May 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67vlUWWdQ?url=https://www.cia.gov/news-information/press-releases-statements/2012-press-releasese-statements/2012-memorial-ceremony.html |archivedate=25 May 2012 |quote=Leslianne Shedd was serving a highly successful tour in Ethiopia when, in November 1996, hijackers forced down her plane over the Indian Ocean, killing over 125 people. Survivors of that flight tell us that Leslianne—an outstanding young woman—spent her final moments comforting those around her. |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}</ref>
[[Franklin Huddle]], Konsul Jenderal A.S. di Bombay, bersama istrinya, Chanya "Pom" Huddle, selamat dalam peristiwa ini.<ref name="FinishedLife">{{cite news|title= 'I Thought I Had Finished My Life' – Tale Depicts Drunken Abductors Who Fought With Pilot – Survivors Tell of Terror As Jetliner Tumbles Across Ocean's Surface|publisher= The Seattle Times|date= 25 November 1996|url= http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19961125&slug=2361682|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130925142410/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19961125&slug=2361682|archivedate= 25 September 2013}}</ref> Huddle mengatakan bahwa ia memilih terbang dengan Ethiopian Airlines ketika merencanakan liburan [[safari]] ke [[Kenya]] karena reputasinya bagus; Ethiopian Airlines adalah salah satu maskapai Afrika yang mendapat sertifikasi [[Federal Aviation Administration]]. Huddle ingin terbang pada siang hari karena "lebih aman."<ref name="AfricanHijack"/> Ia merasa dirinya dan istrinya selamat setelah memutuskan pindah ke kelas bisnis pada menit-menit terakhir.<ref name="Brown">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20090213173928/http://www.brownalumnimagazine.com/may/june-2002/no-resting-place.html No Resting Place]," () ''[[Brown University]] Alumni Magazine''</ref>
Penumpang lain yang tewas adalah Letjen Purnawirawan [[Antal Annus]], duta besar Hongaria untuk Kenya<ref name="Sinking">{{cite news|title= I was sinking fast . . . I had to get out |first= Tom|last= Cohen|agency= [[Associated Press]]|newspaper= [[The Independent]]|date= 25 November 1995|url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/i-was-sinking-fast----i-had-to-get-out-1354170.html}}</ref> dan seorang pejabat Kementerian Luar Negeri Perancis.<ref name="Bizarre ordeal recounted in Ethiopian Airlines crash"/>
==Peta==
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==Buntut==
Upacara peringatan diadakan di Galawa pada tanggal 30 November 1996.<ref name=Reportp81/>
Insiden ini menjadi kasus pembajakan terkenal karena ada rekamannya.<ref name="Honeymooners capture dramatic images of Ethiopian jet crash"/> Ini merupakan salah satu [[pendaratan air]] yang melibatkan pesawat berbadan besar dan kasus pendaratan air pertama yang disebabkan oleh pembajakan. Kapten dan kopilot menerima penghargaan atas aksi mereka dan tetap melanjutkan kariernya di Ethiopian Airlines.<ref name="AfricanHijack"/>
==Media==
Kecelakaan ini dibahas dalam [[Daftar episode Mayday|tiga episode]] ''[[Mayday (seri TV Kanada)|Mayday]]'' (''Air Emergency'', ''Air Crash Investigation''). The first appearance was in season 1 to explain what might have happened if [[Air Transat Flight 236]] had ditched instead of landing in a nearby airport. In season 3, an episode ("Ocean Landing") covered the events of Flight 961 in detail. Most recently, it featured in the season 10 episode covering [[US Airways Flight 1549]], to explain the risks of that crew's decision to ditch in the Hudson River. It was also featured in a 2010 episode of the [[Biography Channel]] series ''[[I Survived...]]'', in which a survivor told his story of what happened on the plane.<ref name="I Survived">{{cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/tv/i-survived/episodes/37-franklinjeff-and-frankconnie|title=37 – Franklin/Jeff and Frank/Connie|accessdate=January 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902054058/http://www.biography.com/tv/i-survived/episodes/37-franklinjeff-and-frankconnie|archivedate=2 September 2012}}</ref>
==See also==
{{Portal|Ethiopia|Aviation|1990s}}
* [[Air Canada Flight 143]]
* [[Air Transat Flight 236]]
* [[US Airways Flight 1549]]
* [[Ethiopian Airlines accidents and incidents]]
* [[Guangzhou aircraft collision]]
* [[List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft]]
* [[List of airline flights that required gliding]]
{{Clear}}
== Pranala luar ==
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