Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab: Perbedaan antara revisi

Label "Wahhabi" tidak diklaim oleh para pengikutnya melainkan digunakan oleh para cendekiawan Barat serta para kritikusnya.{{sfn|Haykel|2013|pages=231–32}}{{sfn|Commins|2015|page=151}}{{sfn|Silverstein|2010|pages=112–13}}{{sfn|Bokhari|Senzai|2013|pages=82-3}} Lahir dari keluarga ahli [[fikih]],<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Laoust |first=H. |title=Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb |orig-year=1993 |year=2012 |editor1-last=Bearman |editor1-first=P. J. |editor1-link=Peri Bearman |editor2-last=Bianquis |editor2-first=Th. |editor2-link=Thierry Bianquis |editor3-last=Bosworth |editor3-first=C. E. |editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor4-last=van Donzel |editor4-first=E. J. |editor4-link=Emeri Johannes van Donzel |editor5-last=Heinrichs |editor5-first=W. P. |editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam#2nd edition, EI2|Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition]] |volume=11 |location=[[Leiden]] |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3033 |isbn=978-9004161214}}</ref> pendidikan awal Ibnu ʿAbd al-Wahhab terdiri dari mempelajari kurikulum [[fikih]] yang cukup standar menurut [[mazhab]] hukum Islam [[Hanbali]], yang merupakan mazhab yang paling umum di wilayah kelahirannya.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> Dia mempromosikanmem[[promosi]]kan kepatuhan ketat terhadap [[hukum Islam tradisional]], menyatakan perlunya kembali langsung ke [[Quran]] dan [[Hadis]] daripada mengandalkan [[interpretasi]] abad pertengahan, dan bersikeras bahwa setiap Muslim{{snd}} pria dan wanita{{snd}} secara pribadi membaca dan mempelajari Quran.<ref>{{Cite book|last=J. Delong-Bas|first=Natana|title=Wahhabi Islam:From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|isbn=0195169913|location=New York 10016|pages=29,30,117,28,37}}</ref> Dia menentang [[taqlid]] (pengikutan buta) dan menyerukan penggunaan [[ijtihad]] (penalaran hukum independen melalui penelitian kitab suci).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad (d. 1791 )|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e916|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712051853/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e916|archive-date=12 July 2016|website=Oxford Islamic Studies}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=J. Delong-Bas|first=Natana|title=Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|isbn=0195169913|location=New York|pages=14, 21, 29}}</ref> Dia memiliki pelatihan dasar awal dalam [[tradisi]] [[Islam Suni|Muslim Suni]] klasik, Ibnu ʿAbdul Wahhab secara bertahap menjadi menentang banyak populer, namun diperebutkan, [[praktik keagamaan]] seperti [[Ziarah kubur|kunjungan]] ke dan [[Venerasi|pemujaan]] [[Wali|tempat suci dan makam orang-orang suci Muslim]],{{sfn|Esposito|2004|page=123}}<ref name="ReferenceB"/>{{sfn|Ágoston|Masters|2009|page=260}}<ref name="Crooke 2014">{{cite news |last=Crooke |first=Alastair |author-link=Alastair Crooke |orig-year=First published 27 August 2014 |date=30 March 2017 |title=You Can't Understand ISIS If You Don't Know the History of Wahhabism in Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/alastair-crooke/isis-wahhabism-saudi-arabia_b_5717157.html |location=New York |work=[[The Huffington Post]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828141900/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/alastair-crooke/isis-wahhabism-saudi-arabia_b_5717157.html |archive-date=28 August 2014 |url-status=live |access-date=10 September 2020}}</ref> yang menurutnya merupakan [[bid'ah]] atau bahkan [[syirik|penyembahan berhala]].<ref name="ReferenceB"/>{{sfn|Ágoston|Masters|2009|page=260}}<ref name="Armstrong 2014"/><ref name="Crooke 2014"/>{{sfn|Khatab|2011|pages=56–76}} Seruannya untuk reformasi sosial dalam masyarakat didasarkan pada doktrin kunci [[tauhid]] (keesaan Tuhan).{{sfn|Bokhari|Senzai|2013|pages=82-3}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad (d. 1791 )|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e916|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712051853/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e916|archive-date=12 July 2016|website=Oxford Islamic Studies Online|quote="Plans for socioreligious reform in society were based on the key doctrine of tawhid (oneness of God)"}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=J. Delong-Bass|first=Natana|title=Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|isbn=0195169913|location=New York|pages=13}}</ref>