Bengkalis (ikan): Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 5:
| header = Haring
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| image1 = Clupea harengus Gervais.flipped.jpg
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| caption1 = <center>[[Haring atlantik]], ''Clupea harengus''</center>
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| caption1 = <center>Herrings in a herring barrel</center> -->
| image2 = Global capture of all herring 1950–2010.png
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| caption2 = <center>Penangkapan komersil ikan haring secara global dalam juta ton metrik; laporan [[FAO]] 1950–2010.<ref name=FAOdata>Based on data sourced from the relevant [http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/search/en FAO Species Fact Sheets]</ref></center>
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'''Haring''' atau '''herring''' merupakan [[ikan pelagik]] kecil yang menjadi makanan [[predator]] yang lebih besar darinya; sebagian besar ikan haring termasuk [[familia|keluarga]] [[Clupeidae]].
Mereka sering bergerak dalam kawanan besar di sekitar bagian laut yang dangkal (seperti [[gosong pasir]] atau [[gunung bawah laut]]) dan dekat [[pantai]]. Spesies yang paling berlimpah jumlahnya dan penting secara komersial adalah yang termasuk dalam [[genus]] ''[[Clupea]]'', utamanya terdapat di perairan beriklim sedang dan dangkal pada [[Samudra Pasifik]] Utara dan [[Samudra Atlantik|Atlantik]] Utara, termasuk [[Laut Baltik]], serta lepas pantai barat dari [[Amerika Selatan]]. Ada tiga spesies ''Clupea'' yang telah dikenali, dan memberi kontribusi sekitar 90% dari seluruh [[penangkapan ikan]] haring dalam [[perikanan]]. Yang paling banyak dari semuanya adalah [[haring atlantik]], kontribusinya lebih dari separuh dari seluruh penangkapan haring. [[Ikan]]-ikan yang disebut haring juga ditemukan di [[India]], di [[Laut Arab]], [[
Ikan haring memainkan peran penting dalam [[sejarah]] [[perikanan laut]] di [[Eropa]],<ref>Cushing, David H (1975) [http://books.google.co.nz/books?id=TgU4AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Marine+ecology+and+fisheries%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BLeTT77ULOTSmAWBtoj0AQ&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Marine%20ecology%20and%20fisheries%22&f=false ''Marine ecology and fisheries''] Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-09911-0.</ref> dan di awal abad ke-20 penelitian atas ikan-ikan tersebut menjadi dasar bagi evolusi [[ilmu perikanan]].<ref>Went, AEJ (1972) "The History of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea". ''Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh''. Section B. Biology, '''73''': 351–360.{{doi|10.1017/S0080455X0000240X}}</ref><ref name=PaulyDarwin>Pauly, Daniel (2004) [http://books.google.co.nz/books?id=lTDa0fM4vQIC&pg=PA109&dq=pauly+%22darwin%27s+fishes%22+herring&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RbOTT_2jF8TxmAXj5tDSAQ&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=pauly%20%22darwin%27s%20fishes%22%20herring&f=false ''Darwin's Fishes: An Encyclopedia of Ichthyology, Ecology, and Evolution''] Page 109, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-82777-5.</ref> [[Ikan berminyak]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2004/jun/oilyfishdefinition|title=What's an oily fish?|date=2004-06-24|publisher=[[Food Standards Agency]]|access-date=2015-08-11|archive-date=2010-12-10|archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20101210005807/http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2004/jun/oilyfishdefinition|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ini juga mempunyai sejarah panjang sebagai suatu [[ikan (makanan)|ikan makanan]] yang penting, dan sering kali [[ikan asin|diasinkan]], [[ikan asap|diasapkan]], atau [[haring asam|diasamkan]].
Baris 49:
* Baltic Fisheries Cooperation Committee (1995) [http://books.google.co.nz/books?id=PXoEi7eDXAYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Utilization+and+Marketing+of+Baltic+Herring%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2WvRT73uIaTM2AWz4u2dDw&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Utilization%20and%20Marketing%20of%20Baltic%20Herring%22&f=false ''Utilization and Marketing of Baltic Herring''] Nordic Council of Ministers. ISBN 978-92-9120-774-9.
* [[Henry Bryant Bigelow|Bigelow HB]] and Schroeder WC (1953) [http://www.gma.org/fogm/Clupea_harengus.htm ''Fishes of the Gulf of Maine''] Pages 88–100, Fishery Bulletin '''74'''(53), NOAA. [http://fisherybulletin.nmfs.noaa.gov/53-1/bonyfishes80-100.pdf pdf version] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130221174143/http://fisherybulletin.nmfs.noaa.gov/53-1/bonyfishes80-100.pdf |date=2013-02-21 }}
* Dodd JS (1752) [http://books.google.co.nz/books?id=D5paAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22An+essay+toward+a+natural+history+of+the+herring%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uGrRT7yUOcTs2QW1x-iVDw&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false ''An essay toward a natural history of the herring''] Original from
* Mitchell JM (1864) [http://books.google.co.nz/books?id=MLpRAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22The+herring%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=nWPRT4inEISA2wW7lfmCDw&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22The%20herring%22&f=false ''The herring: its natural history and national importance''] Edmonston and Douglas. Original from the University of Wisconsin.
* Postan MM, Miller E and Habakkuk HJ (1987) [http://books.google.co.nz/books?id=cHRvtwTLcMAC&pg=PA171&dq=%22The+herring%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=nWPRT4inEISA2wW7lfmCDw&ved=0CJwBEOgBMBM#v=onepage&q=%22The%20herring%22&f=false ''The Cambridge Economic History of Europe: Trade and industry in the Middle Ages''] Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-08709-4.
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