Sindrom Havana: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{penjelasan singkat|Sekumpulan gejala medis dengan penyebab yang tidak diketahui yang menyerang pejabat pemerintah Amerika Serikat dan Kanada.}}

{{Infobox medical condition (new)

| causes = Not definitively determined<ref name="bbc">{{cite news|title='Havana syndrome' likely caused by directed microwaves - US report|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-55203844|work=BBC News|date=December 6, 2020}}</ref><ref name="BroadSuspect"/><ref name=NatAcademies/><ref name=Corera/><ref name = Intelligencer/>

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[[Kementerian Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat]] menyebut sindrom ini adalah insiden kesehatan yang tidak dapat dijelaskan,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/18/politics/mysterious-health-incidents-us-personnel-vienna/index.html|title=About two dozen reports of mysterious health incidents on US personnel in Vienna|last = Atwood | first = Kylie | publisher=CNN|date=July 19, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/cnews-us-china-usa-illness-idCAKCN1J408E-OCATP|work=Reuters|date=June 7, 2018|title=U.S. expands China health alert amid illness reports}}</ref> sementara [[Direktur Badan Intelijen Pusat|Direktur]] [[Badan Intelijen Pusat]] [[William J. Burns]] secara terbuka menyebut sindrom ini adalah serangan.<ref name=HudsonHarris>John Hudson & Shane Harris, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/cia-havana-syndrome-vienna/2021/09/23/cbc3bbbc-1c7f-11ec-914a-99d701398e5a_story.html CIA station chief in Vienna recalled amid criticism of management and handling of mysterious 'Havana Syndrome' incidents], ''Washington Post'' (September 23, 2021).</ref> A 2019 [[Retrospective cohort study|retrospective]] [[neuroimaging]] study of 40 affected diplomats in Cuba published in the medical journal ''[[JAMA (journal)|JAMA]]'' found evidence that the diplomats had significant brain neuroimaging differences compared to healthy [[control group]] members, but it was not able to determine the cause of the observed differences and states that "the clinical importance of these differences is uncertain and may require further study".<ref name="JAMAJuly2019">{{cite journal|display-authors=3|author=Ragini Verma|author2=Randel L. Swanson|author3=Drew Parker|author4=Abdol Aziz Ould Ismail|author5=Russell T. Shinohara|author6=Jacob A. Alappatt|author7=Jimit Doshi|author8=Christos Davatzikos|author9=Michael Gallaway|author10=Diana Duda|author11=H. Isaac Chen|author12=Junghoon J. Kim|author13=Ruben C. Gur|author14=Ronald L. Wolf|author15=M. Sean Grady|author16=Stephen Hampton|author17=Ramon Diaz-Arrastia|author18=Douglas H. Smith|title=Neuroimaging Findings in US Government Personnel With Possible Exposure to Directional Phenomena in Havana, Cuba|journal=JAMA|date=2019|volume=322|issue=4|pages=336–347|doi=10.1001/jama.2019.9269|pmid=31334794|pmc=6652163}}</ref> While there is no expert consensus on the syndrome's cause,<ref name="WilliamsHerb">Katie Bo Williams & Jeremy Herb, [https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/29/politics/us-investigating-mysterious-directed-energy-attack-white-house/index.html US investigating possible mysterious directed energy attack near White House] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429175852/https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/29/politics/us-investigating-mysterious-directed-energy-attack-white-house/index.html |date=April 29, 2021}}, CNN (April 29, 2021).</ref> an expert committee of the [[National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine]] concluded in December 2020 that microwave energy (specifically, directed pulsed [[Radio frequency|RF energy]]<ref name="pmid33341130" />) "appears to be the most plausible mechanism in explaining these cases among those that the committee considered" but that "each possible cause remains speculative".<ref name="bbc" /><ref name="NatAcademies" /><ref name="NBCNews" /> Other potential causes or contributing factors of the symptoms that have been proposed have included [[ultrasound]],<ref name="Herald2">{{cite web|last1=Torres|first1=Nora Gámez|date=March 2, 2018|title=Computer scientists may have solved the mystery behind the 'sonic attacks' in Cuba|url=http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/cuba/article203221919.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422142443/http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/cuba/article203221919.html|archive-date=April 22, 2018|access-date=April 22, 2018|newspaper=Miami Herald}}</ref> [[pesticide]]s,<ref name="Chartrand2">{{cite news|author=Luc Chartrand, Martin Movilla and Lisa Ellenwood|date=September 19, 2019|title=Havana syndrome: Exposure to neurotoxin may have been cause, study suggests|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/havana-syndrome-neurotoxin-enqu%C3%AAte-1.5288609|url-status=live|access-date=September 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920022556/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/havana-syndrome-neurotoxin-enqu%C3%AAte-1.5288609|archive-date=September 20, 2019}}</ref> or [[mass psychogenic illness]].<ref name="JASON22">{{cite news|last1=Vergano|first1=Dan|date=30 September 2021|title=A Declassified State Department Report Says Microwaves Didn't Cause "Havana Syndrome"|work=BuzzFeed News|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/danvergano/havana-syndrome-jason-crickets|access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref>