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Kebanyakan filum hewan yang diketahui pertama kali muncul dalam catatan fosil selama [[ledakan Kambrium]], dimulai sekitar 542 juta tahun yang lalu, di tempat seperti [[Burgess Shale]]. Filum yang masih ada yang dapat ditemukan di bebatuan ini termasuk [[Moluska]], [[Brachiopoda]], [[Onychophora]], [[Tardigrada]], [[Artropoda]], [[Echinodermata]] dan [[Hemichordata]], bersama dengan berbagai bentuk yang sudah punah seperti ''[[Anomalocaris]]'' yang bersifat [[predator]]. Terjadinya peristiwa tersebut yang tiba-tiba mungkin merupakan artefak dari catatan fosil, bukan menunjukkan bahwa semua hewan ini muncul secara bersamaan.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maloof |first1=A. C. |last2=Porter |first2=S. M. |last3=Moore |first3=J. L. |last4=Dudas |first4=F. O. |last5=Bowring |first5=S. A. |last6=Higgins |first6=J. A. |last7=Fike |first7=D. A. |last8=Eddy |first8=M. P. |title=The earliest Cambrian record of animals and ocean geochemical change |journal=Geological Society of America Bulletin |year=2010 |volume=122 |issue=11–12 |pages=1731–1774 |doi=10.1130/B30346.1 |url=http://gsabulletin.gsapubs.org/content/122/11-12/1731 |bibcode=2010GSAB..122.1731M |access-date=2018-04-15 |archive-date=2017-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617193216/http://gsabulletin.gsapubs.org/content/122/11-12/1731 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=New Timeline for Appearances of Skeletal Animals in Fossil Record Developed by UCSB Researchers |url=http://www.ia.ucsb.edu/pa/display.aspx?pkey=2364 |publisher=The Regents of the University of California |access-date=1 September 2014 |date=10 November 2010 |archive-date=2014-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903062054/http://www.ia.ucsb.edu/pa/display.aspx?pkey=2364 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Conway-Morris |first=S. |authorlink=Simon Conway Morris |title=The Cambrian "explosion" of metazoans and molecular biology: would Darwin be satisfied? |journal=The International journal of developmental biology |year=2003 |volume=47 |issue=7–8 |pages=505–15 |pmid=14756326 |url=http://www.ijdb.ehu.es/web/paper.php?doi=14756326 |access-date=2018-04-15 |archive-date=2018-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716111730/http://www.ijdb.ehu.es/web/paper.php?doi=14756326 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="Royal Ontario Museum">{{cite web|title=The Tree of Life|url=http://burgess-shale.rom.on.ca/en/science/origin/01-life-tree.php|website=The Burgess Shale|publisher=Royal Ontario Museum|accessdate=28 February 2018|archive-date=2018-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216054845/http://burgess-shale.rom.on.ca/en/science/origin/01-life-tree.php|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
Beberapa ahli paleontologi menyatakan bahwa hewan muncul jauh lebih awal daripada ledakan Kambrium, mungkin sedini 1 miliar tahun yang lalu.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=Neil A. |last2=Reece |first2=Jane B. |title=Biology |year=2005 |publisher=Pearson, Benjamin Cummings |isbn=978-0-8053-7171-0 |edition=7th |page=526}}</ref> [[Fosil jejak]] seperti jejak dan liang dari periode [[Tonian]] mungkin menunjukkan adanya hewan mirip cacing [[triploblastik]], kira-kira sebesar (lebarnya sekitar 5 mm) dan sekompleks seperti cacing tanah.<ref name=Seilacher1998>{{cite journal |last1=Seilacher |first1=Adolf |author1link=Adolf Seilacher |last2=Bose |first2=Pradip K. |last3=Pfluger |first3=Friedrich |title=Triploblastic animals more than 1 billion years ago: trace fossil evidence from india |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1998-10-02_282_5386/page/80 |journal=Science |volume=282 |pages=80–83 |date=2 October 1998 |doi=10.1126/science.282.5386.80 |pmid=9756480 |issue=5386 |bibcode=1998Sci...282...80S}}</ref> Namun, jejak serupa dihasilkan saat ini oleh protista bersel tunggal raksasa ''[[Gromia sphaerica]]'', sehingga jejak fosil Tonian mungkin tidak menunjukkan evolusi hewan awal.<ref name=Matz2008>{{cite journal |last1=Matz |first1=Mikhail V. |last2=Frank |first2=Tamara M. |last3=Marshall |first3=N. Justin |last4=Widder |first4=Edith A. |last5=Johnsen |first5=Sönke |title=Giant Deep-Sea Protist Produces Bilaterian-like Traces |journal=Current Biology |volume=18 |issue=23 |pages=1–6 |date=9 December 2008 |url=http://www.biology.duke.edu/johnsenlab/pdfs/pubs/sea%20grapes%202008.pdf |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.028 |accessdate=2008-12-05 |pmid=19026540 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216211211/http://www.biology.duke.edu/johnsenlab/pdfs/pubs/sea%20grapes%202008.pdf |archivedate=16 December 2008 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name=MSNBC200811>{{cite news |last=Reilly |first=Michael |title=Single-celled giant upends early evolution |publisher=MSNBC |date=20 November 2008 |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/27827279/ |accessdate=5 December 2008 |archive-date=2019-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108213540/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/27827279/ |dead-url=no }}</ref> Sekitar waktu yang sama, bukti lain mungkin menunjukkan munculnya hewan yang merumput: tikar berlapis [[mikroorganisme]] yang disebut [[stromatolit]] menurun keragamannya, mungkin karena dimakan oleh hewan.<ref name="Bengtson2002OriginsOfPredation">{{Cite encyclopedia | author=Bengtson, S. | year=2002 | chapter=Origins and early evolution of predation | encyclopedia=The Paleontological Society Papers | volume=8 | title=The fossil record of predation | editor=Kowalewski, M. | editor2=Kelley, P.H. | pages=289–317 | publisher=The Paleontological Society | chapter-url=http://www.nrm.se/download/18.4e32c81078a8d9249800021552/Bengtson2002predation.pdf | access-date=2018-04-15 | archive-date=2019-10-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030140248/https://www.nrm.se/download/18.4e32c81078a8d9249800021552/Bengtson2002predation.pdf | dead-url=no }}</ref>
== Jenis ==
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