Korea Utara: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[Berkas:Sunan International Airport, Pyongyang, North Korea.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Il-76]], [[Tu-204]], [[Il-62]] dan [[Tu-154]] milik [[Air Koryo]] di [[Bandar Udara Internasional Sunan]]]]
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Water transport on the major rivers and along the coasts plays a growing role in freight and passenger traffic. Except for the Yalu and Taedong rivers, most of the inland waterways, totaling 2,253 kilometers, are navigable only by small boats. Coastal traffic is heaviest on the eastern seaboard, whose deeper waters can accommodate larger vessels. The major ports are [[Nampho]] on the west coast and [[Rajin]], [[Chongjin]], [[Wonsan]], and [[Hamhung]] on the east coast. The country's harbor loading capacity in the 1990s was estimated at almost 35 million tons a year. In the early 1990s, North Korea possessed an oceangoing merchant fleet, largely domestically produced, of sixty-eight ships (of at least 1,000 gross-registered tons), totaling 465,801 gross-registered tons ({{DWT|709,442|metric|first=yes}}), which includes fifty-eight cargo ships and two tankers. There is a continuing investment in upgrading and expanding port facilities, developing transportation—particularly on the Taedong River—and increasing the share of international cargo by domestic vessels.
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One of the few ways to enter North Korea is over the [[Sino-Korea Friendship Bridge]] or via [[Panmunjeom]], the former crossing [[Yalu River|Amnok River]] and the latter crossing [[Korean Demilitarized Zone|Demilitarized Zone]].
Private cars in North Korea are a rare sight, but {{as of|2008|lc=on}} some 70% of households used [[bicycle]]s, which also play an increasingly important role in small-scale private trade.<ref>[http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk00100&num=4230 70% of Households Use Bikes], The Daily NK, 2008-10-30</ref>-->
== Demografi ==
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Angka kasar penduduk Korea Utara adalah sekira 23 juta jiwa, salah satu negara dengan kelompok etnik dan bahasa paling seragam di dunia, dengan sangat sedikit orang Cina, [[Orang Jepang di Korea Utara|Jepang]], Vietnam, Korea Selatan, dan minoritas ekspatriat Eropa.
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According to the [[CIA World Factbook]], North Korea's life expectancy was 63.8 years in 2009, a figure roughly equivalent to that of [[Pakistan]] and [[Burma]] and slightly lower than Russia.<ref name="Central Intelligence Agency">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html|title=CIA - The World Factbook -- Country Comparison :: Life expectancy at birth|date=2009|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|accessdate=2009-07-04}}</ref> [[Infant mortality]] stood at a high level of 51.34, which is 2.5 times higher than that of [[People's Republic of China|China]], 5 times that of [[Russia]], 12 times that of [[South Korea]].<ref name="cia-2091">{{cite web | title=Infant mortality rate | url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html | work=The World Factbook -- Country Comparisons | publisher=CIA |year=2009 | accessdate=2009-05-01}}</ref> According to the UNICEF "The State of the world's Children 2003" North Korea appears ranked at the 73rd place (with first place having the highest mortality rate), between [[Guatemala]] (72nd) and [[Tuvalu]] (74th).<ref name="cia-2091" /><ref>{{cite web | title=The State of the World's Children 2003 | url=http://www.unicef.org/sowc03/tables/table1.html | publisher=UNICEF | year=2003 | accessdate=2009-05-01}}</ref> North Korea's [[Total fertility rate]] is relatively low and stood at 1.96 in 2009, comparable to those of the [[United States]] and [[France]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Total fertility rate | url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.html | work=The World Factbook -- Country Comparisons | publisher=CIA | year=2009 | accessdate=2009-05-01}}</ref>-->
=== Bahasa ===
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Pendidikan di Korea Utara dikendalikan oleh pemerintah dan wajib sampai jenjang menengah pertama. Pendidikan wajib berlangsung sebelas tahun, dan melewati satu tahun jenjang pra-sekolah, empat tahun [[pendidikan dasar]] dan enam tahun [[pendidikan menengah]]. Kurikulum sekolah di Korea Utara terdiri dari pokok-pokok bahasan akademik dan politik.
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Primary schools are known as people's schools and children attend this school from the age of six to nine. They are later enrolled in either a regular secondary school or a special secondary school, depending on their specialities. They enter secondary school at the age of ten and leave when they are sixteen.
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North Korea is one of the most literate countries in the world, with an average literacy rate of 99%.<ref name="cia-kn" />
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=== Kesehatan ===
{{Utama|Kesehatan di Korea Utara}}
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Pelayanan kesehatan dan perawatan medis di Korea Utara tidak menuntut pembebanan biaya kepada rakyat.<ref>[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/North_Korea.pdf Library of Congress country study], see p. 8 - Health</ref> Korea Utara menganggarkan 3% PDB-nya untuk sektor kesehatan. Sejak tahun 1950-an, Korea Utara telah meletakkan fondasi yang kuat di sektor kesehatan, dan antara tahun 1955 dan 1986, banyaknya [[rumah sakit]] bertambah dari 285 menjadi 2.401, dan banyaknya [[puskesmas]] – dari 1.020 menjadi 5.644.<ref>[http://country-studies.com/north-korea/public-health.html North Korea Public Health], Country Studies</ref> Ada beberapa rumah sakit yang khusus melayani orang-orang pabrik dan pertambangan. Sejak tahun 1979 penekanan yang lebih bagus diletakkan pada [[Obat-obatan Korea]] tradisional, didasarkan pada perawatan yang memanfaatkan produk herbal dan [[akupunktur]].
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North Korea's healthcare system has been in a steep decline since the 1990s due to natural disasters, economic problems, and food and energy shortages. Many hospitals and clinics in North Korea now lack essential medicines and equipment, running water and electricity.<ref>{{cite news |title=N Korea healthcare 'near collapse'|work=BBC News|date=2008-11-18|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1666806.stm}}</ref>
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=== Penyatuan Korea ===
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== Lihat pula ==
* [[Korea]]
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