Paus Yohanes Paulus II: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Keadaannya semakin memburuk hingga akhirnya dia meninggal pada [[2 April]] pukul 19:37 [[UTC]] (02:37 [[WIB]]), pada usia 84 tahun. Sri Paus dimakamkan enam hari kemudian pada [[8 April]] di Basilika St. Petrus. Pada awalnya, Mehmet Ali Agca, penembak Paus ingin datang ke pemakaman Paus di [[Vatikan]] dengan menggunakan haknya untuk keluar [[penjara]] selama 72 jam. Sayangnya, permohonan tersebut ditolak [[pemerintah]] [[Turki]] namun keluarganya, [[Adnan Agca]], dapat menghadiri pemakaman tersebut.
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=== Pengakuan anumerta ===
==== Gelar yang Agung ====
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====Title "the Great" ====
[[File:Johannes-paul-II-tschenstochau.png|thumb|right|upright|135px|Statue of John Paul II in [[Częstochowa]], southern Poland]]
[[File:ON Midland5 tango7174.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Statue of Pope John Paul II (1984) carved by local First Nations at [[Martyrs' Shrine]], [[Midland, Ontario]] ]]
Since the death of John Paul II, a number of clergy at the Vatican and laymen throughout the world<ref name="Bottum"/><ref name="MsnbcNews2"/><ref name="Arlington">{{cite web|url=http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/religion/re0795.html|title=John Paul the Great|last=Saunders|first=Fr. William|work=[http://www.catholicherald.com/ CatholicHerald.Com]|publisher=2005 Arlington Catholic Herald |accessdate=2009-01-01}}</ref> have been referring to the late pontiff as "John Paul the Great"—only the fourth pope to be so acclaimed, and the first since the [[1st millennium|first millennium]].<ref name="Bottum"/><ref name="Arlington"/><ref name="OReilly-David">{{cite news |last=O'Reilly |first=David |title=Papal Legacy: Will history use name John Paul the Great? |work=Knight Ridder Newspapers |publisher=Detroit Free Press |date=4 April 2005 |quote=Pope John Paul the Great was a name suggested by many for Karol Józef Wojtyła. Through all its long history, the Catholic Church has conferred the posthumous title of "Great" on just two popes: Leo I and Gregory I, both of whom reigned in the first thousand years of Christianity}}</ref><ref name="Murphy-Brian">{{cite news |last=Murphy |first=Brian |title=Faithful hold key to 'the Great' honour for John Paul |agency=Associated Press |date=5 April 2005}}</ref> Scholars of [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|Canon Law]] say that there is no official process for declaring a pope "Great"; the title simply establishes itself through popular and continued usage,<ref name="MsnbcNews2"/><ref name="Noonan">{{cite web|url=http://www.opinionjournal.com/columnists/pnoonan/?id=110002074|title=John Paul the Great: What the 12 million know--and I found out too|last=Noonan|first=Peggy|authorlink=Peggy Noonan|date=2 August 2002|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|publisher=2002, 2009 Dow Jones & Company|accessdate=2009-01-01}}</ref><ref name="Noonan2">{{cite book|last=Noonan|first=Peggy|authorlink=Peggy Noonan|title=John Paul the Great: Remembering a Spiritual Father |publisher=Penguin Group (USA)|location=New York|date=November 2005|isbn=9780670037483|url=http://us.penguingroup.com/nf/Search/QuickSearchProc/1,,John%20Paul%20the%20Great:%20Remembering%20a%20Spiritual%20Father,00.html?id=John%20Paul%20the%20Great:%20Remembering%20a%20Spiritual%20Father|accessdate=2009-01-01}}</ref> as is also the case with celebrated secular leaders (for example, Alexander III of Macedon became popularly known as [[Alexander the Great]]). The three popes who today commonly are known as "Great" are [[Pope Leo I|Leo I]], who reigned from 440–461 and persuaded [[Attila the Hun]] to withdraw from Rome; [[Pope Gregory I|Gregory I]], 590–604, after whom the [[Gregorian chant|Gregorian Chant]] is named; and [[Pope Nicholas I]], 858–867.<ref name="Arlington"/>
His successor, [[Pope Benedict XVI]], referred to him as "the great Pope John Paul II" in his first address<ref name="FirstSpeech">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4462443.stm|title=Text: Benedict XVI's first speech |date=19 April 2005|publisher=2005 BBC|accessdate=2009-01-01|quote=Dear brothers and sisters, after the great Pope John Paul II, the cardinals have elected me, a simple and humble worker in the Lord's vineyard. The fact that the Lord can work and act even with insufficient means consoles me, and above all I entrust myself to your prayers. In the joy of the resurrected Lord, we go on with his help. He is going to help us and Mary will be on our side. Thank you.}}</ref> from the [[loggia]] of St. Peter's Church, and he referred to Pope John Paul II as "the Great" in his published written [[homily]] for the Mass of Repose.<ref name="Homily">{{cite web|url=http://www.vatican.va/gpII/documents/sodano-suffragio-jp-ii_20050403_en.html|title= Eucharistic Concelebration for the Repose of the Soul of Pope John Paul II: Homily of Card. ''‘Angelo Sodano’''|date=3 April 2005|publisher=The Holy See|accessdate=2009-01-01}}</ref>
Since giving his homily at the funeral of Pope John Paul, Pope Benedict XVI has continued to refer to John Paul II as "the Great." At the [[World Youth Day 2005|20th World Youth Day]] in Germany 2005, Pope Benedict XVI, speaking in Polish, John Paul's native language, said, "As the Great Pope John Paul II would say: keep the flame of faith alive in your lives and your people." In May 2006, Pope Benedict XVI visited John Paul's native Poland. During that visit, he repeatedly made references to "the great John Paul" and "my great predecessor".<ref name="Poland2006">{{cite web|url=http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/speeches/2006/may/documents/hf_ben-xvi_spe_20060525_poland-clergy_en.html|title= Pastoral Visit by Pope Benedict XVI to Poland 2006: Address by the Holy Father|date=25 May 2006|publisher= Libreria Editrice Vaticana]|accessdate=2009-01-01}}</ref>
In addition to the Vatican calling him "the great," numerous newspapers have also done so. For example, the Italian newspaper ''[[Corriere della Sera]]'' called him "the Greatest" and the South African Catholic newspaper, ''[[The Southern Cross (South Africa)|The Southern Cross]]'', has called him "John Paul II The Great".<ref name="Southern">{{cite web |url=http://www.scross.co.za/?s=John+Paul+the+Great |title=The Southern Cross: John Paul the Great|accessdate=2009-01-01|publisher=The Southern Cross 2008 by Posmay Media}}</ref>
Some schools in the United States, such as [[John Paul the Great Catholic University]] and [[John Paul the Great Catholic High School]], have recently been named for John Paul II using this title.
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==== Beatifikasi ====
[[File:Beatification of John Paul II (2).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Beatifikasi]] Paus Yohanes Paulus II]]
[[File:JPII pomnik Poznan.jpg|thumb|upright|Monumen untuk Paus Yoahanes Paulus II di [[Poznań]]]]
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Inspired by calls of ''"Santo Subito!''" (''"Saint Immediately!"'') from the crowds gathered during the funeral,<ref name="Moore1"/><ref name="MsnbcNews2"/><ref name="Hollingshead "/><ref name="Hooper1">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/mar/29/catholicism.religion|title=Mystery nun the key to Pope John Paul II's case for Sainthood|last=Hooper|first=John|date=29 March 2007 |publisher=2007-2009 [[Guardian News and Media Limited]]|accessdate=2009-01-01 | location=London}}</ref><ref name="BBC2">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4545585.stm|title=BBC News: ''‘On the fast track to Sainthood’'' |accessdate=2009-01-01|publisher=MMVIII BBC | date=13 May 2005 | first=Peter | last=Gould}}</ref><ref name="Hope">{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article5927046.ece |title=Hopes raised for Pope John Paul II's beatification -Times Online |publisher=timesonline.co.uk |accessdate=2009-01-01 | location=London | first=Richard | last=Owen}}</ref> [[Pope Benedict XVI|Benedict XVI]] began the [[beatification]] process for his predecessor, bypassing the normal restriction that five years must pass after a person's death before the beatification process can begin.<ref name="Hollingshead "/><ref name="Hooper1"/><ref name="Canonisation">{{cite web|url=http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/csaints/documents/rc_con_csaints_doc_20050509_rescritto-gpii_en.html|title=Response of His Holiness Benedict XVI for the examination of the cause for beatification and canonisation of the servant of God John Paul II|date=9 May 2005|work=Vatican News|publisher=2005-2009 ‘Libreria Editrice Vaticana’|accessdate=2009-01-01}}</ref><ref name="Metro">{{cite web |url=http://www.metrowestdailynews.com/homepage/x1864535984 |title=John Paul II on fast track for canonisation - Framingham, MA - The MetroWest Daily News |publisher=www.metrowestdailynews.com |accessdate=2009-01-01}}</ref> In an audience with Pope Benedict XVI, [[Camillo Ruini]], Vicar General of the Diocese of Rome and the one responsible for promoting the cause for canonisation of any person who dies within that diocese, cited "exceptional circumstances" which suggested that the waiting period could be waived.<ref name="ShortBio"/><ref name="MsnbcNews2"/><ref name="Zenit3">{{cite web|url=http://www.zenit.org/article-13422?l=english|title=John Paul II's Cause for Beatification Opens in Vatican City|date=28 June 2005|work=ZENIT|publisher=Innovative Media, Inc.|accessdate=2009-01-01}}</ref><ref name="Kavanaugh">{{cite web|url=http://www.metrowestdailynews.com/homepage/x1864535984|title=John Paul II on 'fast track' for Canonisation|last=Kavanaugh|first=Jennifer|date=3 April 2007|publisher=GateHouse Media, Inc.|accessdate=2009-01-01}}</ref> This decision was announced on 13 May 2005, the Feast of [[Our Lady of Fátima]] and the 24th anniversary of the assassination attempt on John Paul II at St. Peter's Square.<ref>[http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/pope_benedict_forgoes_waiting_period_begins_john_paul_ii_beatification_process/ "Pope Benedict forgoes waiting period, begins John Paul II beatification process"] Catholic News Agency 13 May 2005 Retrieved 1 May 2011</ref>
In early 2006, it was reported that the Vatican was investigating a possible [[miracle]] associated with John Paul II. [[Sister Marie Simon-Pierre]], a French nun and a member of the Congregation of Little Sisters of Catholic Maternity Wards, confined to her bed by [[Parkinson's disease|Parkinson's Disease]],<ref name="Hooper1"/><ref name="Vicariato">[[#Vicariato70|Vicariato di Roma]]:A nun tells her story…. 2009</ref> was reported to have experienced a "complete and lasting cure after members of her community prayed for the intercession of Pope John Paul II".<ref name="Moore1"/><ref name="MsnbcNews2"/><ref name="Hooper1"/><ref name="ABC">{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200601/s1558425.htm|title=Vatican may have found Pope John Paul's ‘miracle’|date=31 January 2006|work=includes material from Agence France-Presse (AFP), APTN, Reuters, CNN and the BBC World Service |publisher=2007 [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC (Australia)]]|accessdate=2009-01-01}}</ref><ref name="Trinity">{{cite web|url=http://www.catholicculture.org/news/features/index.cfm?recnum=42131|title=Miracle attributed to John Paul II involved Parkinson's disease|date=30 January 2006|work=Catholic World News (CWN)|publisher=2009 Trinity Communications|accessdate=2009-01-01}}</ref><ref name="NYTimes">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/30/world/europe/30vatican.html?_r=2&oref=slogin|title=Nun Who Claims Cure by John Paul II Emerges to Make Her Case|date=30 March 2007|agency=Agence France-Presse |work=The New York Times|accessdate=2009-01-01}}</ref> {{As of|2008|5}}, Sister Marie-Simon-Pierre, then 46,<ref name="Moore1"/><ref name="Hooper1"/> was working again at a [[Obstetrics|maternity hospital]] run by her [[Religious order|order]].<ref name="Metro"/><ref name="Vicariato"/><ref name="Miracle">{{cite web |url=http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/JohnPaulII/JPIInun.asp|title=''French nun says life has changed since she was healed thanks to JPII''|accessdate=2009-01-01|publisher=2007,2009 Catholic News Service/U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops}}</ref><ref name="Willan">{{cite web|url=http://www.sundayherald.com/international/shinternational/display.var.1329693.0.no_more_shortcuts_on_pope_john_pauls_road_to_sainthood.php|title=No more shortcuts on Pope John Paul’s road to Sainthood|last=Willan|first=Philip|work=Sunday Herald|accessdate=2009-01-01}}</ref>
"I was sick and now I am cured," she told reporter Gerry Shaw. "I am cured, but it is up to the church to say whether it was a miracle or not."<ref name="Vicariato"/><ref name="Miracle"/>
On 28 May 2006, Pope Benedict XVI said Mass before an estimated 900,000 people in John Paul II's native Poland. During his homily, he encouraged prayers for the early canonisation of John Paul II and stated that he hoped canonisation would happen "in the near future."<ref name="Vicariato"/><ref name="Homily-Blonie-Park">{{cite web |title=900,000 gather for Mass with Pope Benedict |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/05/28/news/web.0528pope.php |date=28 May 2006 |accessdate=2009-01-01|work=International Herald Tribune}}</ref>
In January 2007, [[Stanisław Dziwisz|Stanisław Cardinal Dziwisz]] of Kraków, his former secretary, announced that the key interviewing phase of the beatification process, in Italy and Poland, was nearing completion.<ref name="MsnbcNews2"/><ref name="Vicariato"/><ref name="Westcott">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/6504233.stm|title=Vatican under pressure in John Paul push |last=Westcott |first=Kathryn|date=2 April 2007|publisher=20017-2009 [http://news.bbc.co.uk/ BBC News]|accessdate=2009-01-01}}</ref> In February 2007, relics of Pope John Paul II—pieces of white papal [[cassock]]s he used to wear—were being freely distributed with prayer cards for the cause, a typical pious practice after a saintly Catholic's death.<ref name="MMoore">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1564061/Clamour-for-free-Pope-John-Paul-II-relics.html|title=Clamour for free Pope John Paul II relics|last=Moore|first=Malcolm|date=25 September 2007|publisher=2007-2009 [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/ The Telegraph Media Group Limited]|accessdate=2009-01-01 | location=London}}</ref><ref name="Cause">{{cite web|url=http://www.vicariatusurbis.org/Beatificazione/English/HomePage.htm|title=Cause for Beatification and Canonization of The Servant of God: ''John Paul II''|publisher= 2005-2009 Vicariato di Roma - III Piano Postulazione Piazza San Giovanni in Laterano, 6/A 00184 Roma |accessdate=2009-01-01}}</ref>
On 8 March 2007, the [[Cardinal Vicar|Vicariate of Rome]] announced that the diocesan phase of John Paul's cause for beatification was at an end. Following a ceremony on 2 April 2007 — the second anniversary of the Pontiff's death — the cause proceeded to the scrutiny of the committee of lay, clerical, and episcopal members of the Vatican's [[Congregation for the Causes of Saints]], who will conduct an investigation of their own.<ref name="Hollingshead "/><ref name="Vicariato"/><ref name="Westcott"/>
On the fourth anniversary of Pope John Paul's death, 2 April 2009, Cardinal Dziwisz, told reporters of a presumed miracle that had recently occurred at the former pope's tomb in St. Peter's Basilica.<ref name="Miracle">{{cite web |url=http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0901522.htm |title=CNS STORY: For Pope John Paul II, beatification process may be on final lap |publisher=www.catholicnews.com |accessdate=2009-01-01}}</ref><ref name="Javno">{{cite web |url=http://www.javno.com/en-world/boy-walks-after-praying-at-john-paul-iis-grave_248457 |title=Boy Walks after Praying at John Paul II's Grave - World - Javno |publisher=www.javno.com |accessdate=2009-01-01}}</ref><ref name="MailOnline">{{cite news |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/worldnews/article-1166858/Wheelchair-boy-miraculously-walks-memorial-visit-tomb-Pope-John-Paul-II.html |title=Wheelchair-boy 'miraculously walks again' at memorial visit to tomb of Pope John Paul II | work=Mail Online |accessdate=2009-01-01 | location=London}}</ref><ref name="ncregister">{{cite web |url=http://catholic.net/index.php?size=mas&id=2673&option=dedestaca |title=Blessed John Paul II? - Catholic.net |publisher=ncregister.com |accessdate=2011-03-07}}</ref><ref name="Catholic">{{cite web |url=http://www.archive.catholicherald.co.uk/articles/a0000522.shtml|title=Child 'able to walk again' after praying at pope's tomb |publisher=''Catholic Herald'' |accessdate=2011-05-01}}</ref><ref name="Huliq">{{cite web |url=http://www.huliq.com/3257/79289/wheelchair-bound-boy-walks-again-after-visit-pope-john-paul-ii-tomb |title=Wheelchair-Bound Boy Walks Again After Visit to Pope John Paul II Tomb | HULIQ |publisher=www.huliq.com |accessdate=2009-01-01}}</ref><ref name="VLex">{{cite web |url=http://vlex.co.uk/vid/wheelchair-boy-walk-thanks-pope-eire-60956003 |title=Wheelchair Boy 'Can Walk Thanks to Pope' [Eire Region] - Daily Mail - vLex United Kingdom |publisher=vlex.co.uk |accessdate=2009-01-01}}</ref> A nine year-old Polish boy from [[Gdańsk]], who was suffering from kidney cancer and was completely unable to walk, had been visiting the tomb with his parents. On leaving St. Peter's Basilica, the boy told them, "I want to walk," and began walking normally.<ref name="Miracle"/><ref name="Javno"/><ref name="MailOnline"/><ref name="ncregister"/><ref name="Catholic"/><ref name="Huliq"/><ref name="VLex"/>
On 16 November 2009, a panel of reviewers at the [[Congregation for the Causes of Saints]] voted unanimously that Pope John Paul II had lived a life of virtue.<ref name="abcNews">{{cite web |url=http://blogs.abcnews.com/theworldnewser/2009/11/pope-john-paul-iis-sainthood-on-fast-track.html |title=Pope John Paul II's Sainthood on Fast Track - The World Newser |publisher=blogs.abcnews.com |accessdate=2009-11-18}}</ref><ref name="Catholic Culture">{{cite web |url=http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=4630 |title=Catholic Culture : Latest Headlines : Beatification looms closer for John Paul II |publisher=www.catholicculture.org |accessdate=2009-11-18}}</ref> On 19 December 2009, [[Pope Benedict XVI]] signed the first of two decrees needed for beatification and proclaimed John Paul II "Venerable", in recognition that he lived a heroic, virtuous life.<ref name="abcNews"/><ref name="Catholic Culture"/> The second vote and the second signed decree recognise the authenticity of his first miracle (the case of Sister Marie Simon-Pierre, the French nun who was cured of Parkinson's Disease). Once the second decree is signed, the ''positio'' (the report on the cause, with documentation about his life and his writings and with information on the cause) is regarded as being complete.<ref name="Catholic Culture"/> He can then be beatified.<ref name="abcNews"/><ref name="Catholic Culture"/> Some speculated that he would be beatified sometime during (or soon after) the month of the 32nd anniversary of his 1978 election, in October 2010. As Monsignor Oder noted, this course would have been possible if the second decree were signed in time by Benedict XVI, stating that a posthumous miracle directly attributable to his intercession has occurred, completing the positio.
The Vatican announced on 14 January 2011 that Pope Benedict XVI had confirmed the miracle involving Sister Marie Simon-Pierre and that John Paul II was to be beatified on May 1, the [[Divine Mercy Sunday|Feast of Divine Mercy]]. May 1 is also commemorated in former communist countries, such as Poland, and some Western European countries as [[May Day]], and Pope John Paul II was well-known, among many other things, for his crucial contributions to Eastern European Communism's relatively peaceful demise, as attested by former Soviet President Gorbachev upon the pontiff's death.<ref name="BBC-beatify"/>
On 29 April 2011, Pope John Paul II's coffin was exhumed ahead of his beatification as tens of thousands of people began arriving in Rome for one of the biggest events since his funeral in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pope John Paul II's body exhumed ahead of beatification|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42819424/ns/world_news/?GT1=43001|work=MSNBC|publisher=MSNBC|accessdate=30 April 2011}}</ref> The closed coffin containing John Paul II's remains were moved from the grotto beneath St. Peter's Basilica to a marble stone monument in Pier Paolo Cristofari's Chapel of St. Sebastian, which is where Blessed Pope Innocent XI was buried. This more prominent location, next to the Chapel of the Pieta, the Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament and statues of Popes Pius XI and Pius XII, will increase the number of pilgrims capable of viewing his memorial.
The Polish mint issued gold 1,000 Polish [[zloty]] coins (equivalent to US$350) with the Pope's image to commemmorate his beatification.<ref>[http://finance.yahoo.com/news/Gold-coin-marks-beatification-apf-2391039661.html?x=0&.v=1 "Gold coin marks beatification of John Paul II"] Yahoo! Finance 30 March 2011 Retrieved 1 May 2011</ref>
{{cquote|''It will be a great joy for us when he is officially beatified, but as far as we are concerned he is already a Saint.''|25px|25px|<small>Stanisław Cardinal Dziwisz, Archbishop of Kraków</small><ref name="Willan"/>}}
On the same day '''"Non abbiate paura"''' ("Have no fear"), the official song dedicated to John Paul II featuring original images and words of the Pope was released. The song, authored by Giorgio Mantovan and Francesco Fiumanò, was performed by Italian singer [[Matteo Setti]] and is the only musical piece for which the Vatican has given permission to use Karol Wojtyla's voice. <ref>{{cite web|title=Matteo Setti Official Site|url=http://www.matteosetti.com/EnglishV/News.html|accessdate=30 April 2011}}</ref>
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== Penerus ==
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