Kapadokia: Perbedaan antara revisi

{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 250px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"

|-

|- align="center"

| colspan="2" | <div style="position:relative; margin: 0 0 0 0; border-collapse: collapse; border="1" cellpadding="0">[[File:Cappadocia Aktepe Panorama.JPG|300px]]</div>

|- style="vertical-align: top;"

|- style="vertical-align: top;"

| '''Location'''

|- style="vertical-align: top;"

| '''State existed:'''

| WHS = [[Göreme|Göreme National Park]] and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia

| Image =

| Type = Mixed

| Criteria = i, iii, v, vii

| Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/357

}}

 

 

==Etymology==

The earliest record of the name of Cappadocia dates from the late 6th century BC, when it appears in the trilingual inscriptions of two early [[Achaemenid Empire|Achaemenid]] kings, [[Darius&nbsp;I]] and [[Xerxes I of Persia|Xerxes]], as one of the countries ([[Old Persian]] ''dahyu-'') of the [[Achaemenid|Persian Empire]]. In these lists of countries, the Old Persian name is '''Katpatuka''', which is of uncertain origin: the name could be genuine Old Persian, meaning either "land of the ''Ducha''/''Tucha''" or "land of the beautiful horses" (consistent with the fact that ancient Cappadocia was famous for its horse breeding); according to another theory, it is a Persianized form of the [[Hittite language|Hittite]] name for Cilicia, ''Kizzuwatna''.<ref>L. Summerer, "Amisos - eine Griechische Polis im Land der Leukosyrer", in: M. Faudot et al. (eds.), ''Pont-Euxin et polis. Actes du Xe Symposium de Vani'' (2005), 129-166, esp. 135 (with references).</ref> The [[Elamite language|Elamite]] and [[Akkadian language]] versions of the inscriptions contain a similar name from Akkadian ''katpa'' "side" (cf. Heb ''katef'') and a chief or ancestor's name, ''Tuka''.<ref>Room, Adrian. (1997). Placenames of the World. London: MacFarland and Company.</ref>

 

[[Herodotus]] tells us that the name of the Cappadocians was applied to them by the [[Persia]]ns, while they were termed by the [[Ancient Greece|Greeks]] as "Syrians" or "White Syrians" [[Leucosyri]]. One of the Cappadocian tribes he mentions is the [[Moschoi]], associated by [[Flavius Josephus]] with the biblical figure [[Meshech]], son of [[Japheth]]: "and the Mosocheni were founded by Mosoch; now they are Cappadocians". [[AotJ]] I:6. Also see [[Ketubot]] 13:11 in the [[Mishna]].

 

Under the later kings of the Persian Empire, the Cappadocians were divided into two [[satrapy|satrapies]], or governments, with one comprising the central and inland portion, to which the name of Cappadocia continued to be applied by [[History of geography#Ancient geography|Greek geographers]], while the other was called [[Pontus]]. This division had already come about before the time of [[Xenophon]]. As after the fall of the Persian government the two provinces continued to be separate, the distinction was perpetuated, and the name Cappadocia came to be restricted to the inland province (sometimes called Great Cappadocia), which alone will be the focus of this article.

 

 

===Kingdom of Cappadocia===

[[File:Hot Air Ballon over Cappadocia 11.jpg|thumb|left|200px|A [[hot air balloon]] over Cappadocia]]

After bringing the Persian Empire to an end, [[Alexander the Great]] tried to rule the area through one of his military commanders. But Ariarathes, a Persian aristocrat, somehow became king of the Cappadocians. [[Ariarathes I of Cappadocia|Ariarathes&nbsp;I]] (332—322&nbsp;BC) was a successful ruler, and he extended the borders of the Cappadocian Kingdom as far as to the [[Black Sea]]. The kingdom of Cappadocia lived in peace until the death of Alexander. The previous empire was then divided into many parts, and Cappadocia fell to [[Eumenes]]. His claims were made good in 322&nbsp;BC by the regent [[Perdiccas]], who crucified Ariarathes; but in the dissensions which brought about Eumenes's death, the son of Ariarathes recovered his inheritance and left it to a line of successors, who mostly bore the name of the founder of the [[List of Kings of Cappadocia|dynasty]].