Geografi Tajikistan: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Baris 24:
[[Image:Kara-kul lake.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[Karakul (Tajikistan)|Karakul]] adalah danau yang terbentuk di dalam kawah meteor di Tajikistan.]]
Iklim Tajikistan adalah [[Iklim benua|benua]], [[subtropis]], dan [[Iklim semi-kering|semi-kering]] dengan beberapa daerah gurun. Namun, iklim dapat berubah secara drastis menurut ketinggian. Lembah Fergana dan dataran rendah lainnya terlindung oleh pegunungan dari massa udara Arktik, tetapi suhu di wilayah itu masih turun di bawah titik beku selama lebih dari 100 hari dalam setahun. Di dataran rendah barat daya subtropis, yang memiliki suhu rata-rata tertinggi, iklimnya gersang, meskipun beberapa bagian sekarang diairi untuk pertanian. Pada ketinggian yang lebih rendah di Tajikistan, kisaran suhu rata-rata adalah {{convert|23|to|30|°C|°F|1}} pada bulan Juli dan {{convert|-1|to|3|°C|°F|1}} di bulan Januari. Di Pamir timur, suhu rata-rata bulan Juli adalah {{convert|5|to|10|°C|°F}}, dan suhu rata-rata bulan Januari adalah {{convert|-15|to|-20|°C|°F}}.<ref name="climatestudies">{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/tajikistan/15.htm|title=Climate|publisher=Library of Congress Country Studies|access-date=31 July 2015|archive-date=9 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409201948/http://countrystudies.us/tajikistan/15.htm|url-status=live}} {{Country study}}</ref>
Tajikistan adalah sebuah negara republik di Asia Tengah yang paling basah,<ref>{{cite web |title=Water in Tajikistan, abundant yet challenging |url=https://www.acted.org/en/water-in-tajikistan-abundant-yet-challenging/ |website=ACTED |date=5 December 2017 |access-date=25 June 2022 |archive-date=18 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518033619/https://www.acted.org/en/water-in-tajikistan-abundant-yet-challenging/ |url-status=live }}</ref> dengan curah hujan tahunan rata-rata untuk lembah Kafernigan dan Vakhsh di selatan sekitar {{convert|500|to|600|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}, dan hingga {{convert|1500|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} di pegunungan{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}. Di Gletser Fedchenko, sebanyak {{convert|223.6|cm|in|abbr=on}} salju turun setiap tahun{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}. Hanya di Lembah Fergana utara dan di daerah bayangan hujan di Pamir timur curah hujannya serendah di bagian lain Asia Tengah: di Pamir timur kurang dari {{convert|100|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} per tahun{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}.
{{Weather box
|location = Dushanbe (1991–2020, 1926–sekarang)
|width = auto
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|collapsed = Yes
|Jan record high C = 21.8
|Feb record high C = 27.7
|Mar record high C = 32.2
|Apr record high C = 35.3
|May record high C = 38.8
|Jun record high C = 43.0
|Jul record high C = 43.7
|Aug record high C = 45.0
|Sep record high C = 38.9
|Oct record high C = 36.8
|Nov record high C = 31.9
|Dec record high C = 24.3
|year record high C = 45.0
|Jan high C = 9.0
|Feb high C = 11.0
|Mar high C = 17.0
|Apr high C = 22.8
|May high C = 27.9
|Jun high C = 33.6
|Jul high C = 36.4
|Aug high C = 35.5
|Sep high C = 31.3
|Oct high C = 24.4
|Nov high C = 16.7
|Dec high C = 11.1
|year high C = 23.1
|Jan mean C = 3.1
|Feb mean C = 5.0
|Mar mean C = 10.5
|Apr mean C = 15.8
|May mean C = 20.1
|Jun mean C = 25.1
|Jul mean C = 27.4
|Aug mean C = 26.0
|Sep mean C = 21.2
|Oct mean C = 14.7
|Nov mean C = 9.0
|Dec mean C = 4.6
|year mean C = 15.2
|Jan low C = -0.9
|Feb low C = 0.5
|Mar low C = 5.5
|Apr low C = 10.1
|May low C = 13.4
|Jun low C = 17.2
|Jul low C = 18.9
|Aug low C = 17.2
|Sep low C = 12.7
|Oct low C = 7.8
|Nov low C = 3.8
|Dec low C = 0.4
|year low C = 8.9
|Jan record low C = −26.6
|Feb record low C = −17.6
|Mar record low C = −12.9
|Apr record low C = -6.1
|May record low C = 1.2
|Jun record low C = 8.4
|Jul record low C = 10.9
|Aug record low C = 8.2
|Sep record low C = -1.0
|Oct record low C = −4.4
|Nov record low C = −13.5
|Dec record low C = −19.5
|year record low C = −26.6
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 100
|Feb precipitation mm = 95
|Mar precipitation mm = 102
|Apr precipitation mm = 112
|May precipitation mm = 75
|Jun precipitation mm = 17
|Jul precipitation mm = 4
|Aug precipitation mm = 1
|Sep precipitation mm = 4
|Oct precipitation mm = 29
|Nov precipitation mm = 55
|Dec precipitation mm = 60
|year precipitation mm = 654
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 8.5
|Feb precipitation days = 9.1
|Mar precipitation days = 13.4
|Apr precipitation days = 9.8
|May precipitation days = 7.8
|Jun precipitation days = 1.5
|Jul precipitation days = 0.7
|Aug precipitation days = 0.1
|Sep precipitation days = 0.8
|Oct precipitation days = 3.7
|Nov precipitation days = 5.3
|Dec precipitation days = 8.1
|year precipitation days = 68.8
|Jan humidity = 69
|Feb humidity = 67
|Mar humidity = 65
|Apr humidity = 63
|May humidity = 57
|Jun humidity = 42
|Jul humidity = 41
|Aug humidity = 44
|Sep humidity = 44
|Oct humidity = 56
|Nov humidity = 63
|Dec humidity = 69
|year humidity = 57
|Jan sun = 120
|Feb sun = 121
|Mar sun = 156
|Apr sun = 198
|May sun = 281
|Jun sun = 337
|Jul sun = 352
|Aug sun = 338
|Sep sun = 289
|Oct sun = 224
|Nov sun = 164
|Dec sun = 119
|year sun = 2699
|source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net<ref name = PogodaDushanbe >{{cite web
| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/38836.htm
| title = Weather and Climate-The Climate of Dushanbe
| publisher = Weather and Climate
| language = ru
| access-date = 28 October 2021
| archive-date = 29 October 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211029033404/http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/38836.htm
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (humidity 1951–1993 and precipitation days 1961–1990)<ref name = dushanbeDWD>{{cite web
| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_388360_kt.pdf
| title = Klimatafel von Duschanbe / Tadschikistan
| work = Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
| language = de
| access-date = 18 February 2016
| archive-date = 13 November 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211113104255/https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_388360_kt.pdf
| url-status = live
}}</ref> NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)<ref name= DushanbeNOAA>{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/TABLES/REG_II/TK/38836.TXT
| title = Dushanbe Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| access-date = 18 February 2016
| archive-date = 29 October 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211029033530/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/TABLES/REG_II/TK/38836.TXT
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
|date=August 2010
}}
{{Weather box
|location = Khujand (1961–1990, 1936–sekarang)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|width = auto
|collapsed = Yes
|Jan record high C = 15.7
|Feb record high C = 22.1
|Mar record high C = 28.8
|Apr record high C = 36.5
|May record high C = 39.9
|Jun record high C = 43.5
|Jul record high C = 45.9
|Aug record high C = 43.8
|Sep record high C = 38.4
|Oct record high C = 33.8
|Nov record high C = 25.0
|Dec record high C = 21.1
|year record high C = 45.9
|Jan high C = 3.5
|Feb high C = 6.2
|Mar high C = 13.8
|Apr high C = 21.9
|May high C = 28.6
|Jun high C = 34.2
|Jul high C = 35.5
|Aug high C = 32.4
|Sep high C = 28.8
|Oct high C = 20.6
|Nov high C = 12.3
|Dec high C = 5.6
|year high C =
|Jan mean C = -0.3
|Feb mean C = 1.7
|Mar mean C = 8.5
|Apr mean C = 16.2
|May mean C = 21.8
|Jun mean C = 26.9
|Jul mean C = 28.3
|Aug mean C = 26.1
|Sep mean C = 20.8
|Oct mean C = 13.9
|Nov mean C = 7.3
|Dec mean C = 2.0
|year mean C = 14.4
|Jan low C = -3.4
|Feb low C = -1.8
|Mar low C = 4.2
|Apr low C = 10.7
|May low C = 15.5
|Jun low C = 19.6
|Jul low C = 21.2
|Aug low C = 18.8
|Sep low C = 13.6
|Oct low C = 8.1
|Nov low C = 3.4
|Dec low C = -0.5
|year low C =
|Jan record low C = -22.8
|Feb record low C = -22.2
|Mar record low C = -13.6
|Apr record low C = -3.9
|May record low C = 0.8
|Jun record low C = 8.7
|Jul record low C = 10.5
|Aug record low C = 7.0
|Sep record low C = 1.4
|Oct record low C = -6.8
|Nov record low C = -18.8
|Dec record low C = -20.0
|year record low C = -22.8
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 15.7
|Feb precipitation mm = 15.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 26.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 31.4
|May precipitation mm = 17.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 4.6
|Jul precipitation mm = 2.3
|Aug precipitation mm = 1.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 2.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 16.9
|Nov precipitation mm = 13.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 16.8
|year precipitation mm = 164.8
|Jan precipitation days = 11.4
|Feb precipitation days = 11.0
|Mar precipitation days = 12.7
|Apr precipitation days = 12.6
|May precipitation days = 12.0
|Jun precipitation days = 6.3
|Jul precipitation days = 4.1
|Aug precipitation days = 2.6
|Sep precipitation days = 3.2
|Oct precipitation days = 6.8
|Nov precipitation days = 7.4
|Dec precipitation days = 10.4
|year precipitation days =
|Jan humidity = 77.8
|Feb humidity = 75.4
|Mar humidity = 64.0
|Apr humidity = 56.3
|May humidity = 48.7
|Jun humidity = 34.8
|Jul humidity = 33.8
|Aug humidity = 38.4
|Sep humidity = 43.3
|Oct humidity = 55.4
|Nov humidity = 75.2
|Dec humidity = 76.4
|Jan sun = 126
|Feb sun = 131
|Mar sun = 168
|Apr sun = 211
|May sun = 297
|Jun sun = 358
|Jul sun = 382
|Aug sun = 363
|Sep sun = 300
|Oct sun = 225
|Nov sun = 160
|Dec sun = 106
|year sun = 2827
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organisation]] (average high and low/precipitation/precipitation days 1961–1990)<ref name= WMOkhujand >{{cite web
| url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=910
| title = World Weather Information Service – Khujand
| access-date = 18 December 2019
| publisher = World Meteorological Organization
| archive-date = 20 January 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220120071636/http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=910
| url-status = live
}}</ref> [[NOAA]] (mean temperatures and sun 1961–1990)<ref name = NOAAkhujane>{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_II/RA/38599.TXT
| title = Leninbad (Khujand) Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = 18 December 2019
| archive-date = 25 January 2023
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230125191907/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_II/RA/38599.TXT
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
|source 2 = climatebase.ru (humidity),<ref name="climatebasekhujand">{{cite web|title=Leninabad, Tajikistan|url=http://climatebase.ru/station/38599/?lang=en|publisher=Climatebase.ru|access-date=30 January 2013|archive-date=14 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014034332/http://climatebase.ru/station/38599/?lang=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)<ref name = meteoclimatkhujand>{{cite web
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=1171
| title = Station Khudjand
| publisher = Meteo Climat
| language = fr
| access-date = 18 December 2019
| archive-date = 20 January 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220120231916/http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=1171
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
}}
== Referensi ==
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