Frances McDormand: Perbedaan antara revisi

McDormand dilahirkan dengan nama Cynthia Ann Smith di Gibson City, Illinois. Dia kemudian diadopsi pada usia satu setengah tahun oleh Noreen (Nickelson) dan Vernon Weir McDormand.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/67846899/vernon-weir-mcdormand|title=Rev Vernon Weir McDormand (1922-2011) - Find A...|website=www.findagrave.com|language=en|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2019-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229022801/https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/67846899|dead-url=no}}</ref> Namanya kemudian diganti menjadi Frances Louise McDormand. Ibu angkatnya adalah seorang perawat dan resepsionis yang berasal dari Ontario, sementara ayah angkatnya adalah seorang pendeta di Nova Scotia, keduanya berasal dari Kanada.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Frances McDormand’s Difficult Women|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/03/magazine/frances-mcdormand-difficult-women-career-surge.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=2017-10-03|access-date=2020-04-29|issn=0362-4331|language=en-US|first=Jordan|last=Kisner|archive-date=2018-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213135712/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/03/magazine/frances-mcdormand-difficult-women-career-surge.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>

Vernon dan Noreen tidak memiliki anak kandung, tetapi selama bertahun-tahun mereka memiliki sembilan anak asuh. "Mereka juga punya sembilan kucing." Mereka kemudian berhasil mengadopsi tiga anak angkat mereka, dan McDormand adalah yang terakhir. Ibu kandungnya mungkin adalah salah satu umat [[paroki]] oleh Vernon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.disciples.org/dns/releases97/97b21.htm|title=DNS 97b21|date=2008-03-02|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2008-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302090821/http://www.disciples.org/dns/releases97/97b21.htm|dead-url=unfit}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/movies/naked-ambition-20031025-gdwlg8.html|title=Naked ambition|date=2003-10-25|website=The Age|language=en|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2019-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229132305/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/movies/naked-ambition-20031025-gdwlg8.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>

Karena ayahnya berspesialisasi dalam memulihkan jemaat dan gerejanya, mereka sering berelokasi, dan mereka tinggal di beberapa kota kecil di [[Illinois]], [[Georgia (negara bagian)|Georgia]], [[Kentucky]], dan [[Tennessee]]. Mereka kemudian menetap di [[Monessen, Pennsylvania]] pada saat McDormand berusia delapan tahun. Di mana is lulus dari Sekolah Menengah Monessen pada 1975.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Interview with Frances McDormand|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2001/jan/26/culture.awardsandprizes|newspaper=The Guardian|date=2001-01-26|access-date=2020-04-29|issn=0261-3077|language=en-GB|first=Guardian|last=Staff|archive-date=2008-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202064726/http://film.guardian.co.uk/oscars2001/storynav/0,7677,437576,00.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>

Setelah menyelesaikan pendidikannya ia pindah ke New York City. Dia adalah teman sekamar Holly Hunter saat tinggal di New York City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.infoplease.com/people/who2-biography/frances-mcdormand|title=Frances McDormand {{!}} Infoplease|website=www.infoplease.com|language=en|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2023-07-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725040953/https://www.infoplease.com/people/who2-biography/frances-mcdormand|dead-url=no}}</ref>

Pekerjaan akting profesional pertamanya adalah untuk drama teater oleh Derek Walcott dengan judul ''In a Fine Castle'', yang juga dikenal dengan nama ''The Last Carnival'', yang didanai oleh [[MacArthur Foundation]]. Pertunjukan ini dimainkan di [[Trinidad]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hotmodelsactress.com/actress/frances_mcdormand.html|title=Frances McDormand young photos best movies|website=www.hotmodelsactress.com|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2022-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004001917/https://www.hotmodelsactress.com/actress/frances_mcdormand.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> Kemudian pada [[1984]], ia memulai kariernya di dunia film dengan film berjudul [[Blood Simple (film 1984)|Blood Simple]],<ref>{{Citation|title=Blood Simple|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0086979/|accessdate=2020-04-29|archive-date=2023-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629125631/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0086979/|dead-url=no}}</ref> yang merupakan film komersial pertama oleh [[Coen bersaudara]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Frances McDormand: two defining roles, two decades apart|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/feb/17/frances-mcdormand-two-defining-roles-two-decades-apart|newspaper=The Guardian|date=2018-02-17|access-date=2020-04-29|issn=0261-3077|language=en-GB|first=Mark|last=Lawson|archive-date=2023-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618111943/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/feb/17/frances-mcdormand-two-defining-roles-two-decades-apart|dead-url=no}}</ref> Film yang berlatar belakang di [[Texas]] itu bercerita tentang seorang pemilik bar yang licik dan kemudian menyewa seorang detektif swasta untuk membunuh istri dan kekasihnya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/blood-simple-15th-anniversary-2000|title=Blood Simple movie review & film summary (1985) {{!}} Roger Ebert|last=Ebert|first=Roger|website=www.rogerebert.com|language=en|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2023-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713105518/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/blood-simple-15th-anniversary-2000|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2014/09/30-years-of-coens-revisiting-blood-simple/379743/|title=30 Years of Coens: Blood Simple|last=Orr|first=Christopher|date=2014-09-08|website=The Atlantic|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2023-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603102229/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2014/09/30-years-of-coens-revisiting-blood-simple/379743/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

Setelah itu pada [[1987]], ia bermain sebagai Dot di [[Raising Arizona (film 1987)|Raising Arizona]],<ref>{{Citation|title=Raising Arizona|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0093822/|accessdate=2020-04-29|archive-date=2009-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426144720/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0093822/|dead-url=no}}</ref> yang juga dibintangi oleh [[Holly Hunter]] dan [[Nicolas Cage]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Film: 'Raising Arizona,' Coen Brothers Comedy|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/11/movies/film-raising-arizona-coen-brothers-comedy.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1987-03-11|access-date=2020-04-29|issn=0362-4331|language=en-US|first=Vincent|last=Canby|archive-date=2015-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524210710/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/11/movies/film-raising-arizona-coen-brothers-comedy.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> Ia juga mendapatkan peran reguler di musim ke lima drama polisi televisi [[Hill Street Blues]] sebagai Connie Chapman.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2014/05/07/310420401/hill-street-blues-created-two-eras-for-tv-drama-before-and-after|title='Hill Street Blues' Created Two Eras For TV Drama: Before And After|website=NPR.org|language=en|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2023-01-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131062700/https://www.npr.org/2014/05/07/310420401/hill-street-blues-created-two-eras-for-tv-drama-before-and-after|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title="Hill Street Blues" G.Q. (TV Episode 1985) - IMDb|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0601686/fullcredits|accessdate=2020-04-29|archive-date=2015-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215065553/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0601686/fullcredits|dead-url=no}}</ref> Pada tahun berikutnya ia bermain dalam film berjudul [[Mississippi Burning]] yang bercerita tentang dua agen F.B.I. dengan gaya kerja berbeda di Mississippi dimana mereka menyelidiki hilangnya beberapa aktivis hak-hak sipil.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl1315079681/weekend/|title=Mississippi Burning|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2018-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114020558/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=mississippiburning.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/50-years-since-mississippi-burning|title=50 Years Since 'Mississippi Burning'|website=Federal Bureau of Investigation|language=en-us|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2022-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204190814/https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/50-years-since-mississippi-burning|dead-url=no}}</ref> Untuk perannya sebagai Mrs. Pell, ia mendapatkan nominasi Academy Award untuk Aktris Pendukung Terbaik serta berhasil memenangkan [[Chicago Film Critics Association Awards 1988|Chicago Film Critics Association Awards]], [[Kansas City Film Critics Circle Awards]], dan [[National Board of Review Awards 1988|National Board of Review Awards]] untuk katagori yang sama.<ref>{{Citation|title=Mississippi Burning - IMDb|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0095647/awards|accessdate=2020-04-29|archive-date=2013-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130319012717/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0095647/awards|dead-url=no}}</ref>

Pada tahun [[1990]], ia bermain sebagai Inggrid Jesner dalam film dengan judul [[Hidden Agenda (film 1990)|Hidden Agenda]] yang di sutradari oleh [[Ken Loach]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeout.com/london/film/hidden-agenda|title=Hidden Agenda|website=Time Out London|language=en|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2015-09-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906021945/http://www.timeout.com/london/film/hidden-agenda|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/557018/index.html|title=BFI Screenonline: Hidden Agenda (1990)|website=www.screenonline.org.uk|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2023-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430153102/http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/557018/index.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> Film ini berhasil mendapatkan penghargaan sebagai film pilihan oleh juri pada [[Festival Film Cannes 1990|Festival Film Cannes]].<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2020-02-15|title=Hidden Agenda (1990 film)|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=Hidden_Agenda_(1990_film)&oldid=940918392|journal=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2021-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810221505/https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=Hidden_Agenda_(1990_film)&oldid=940918392|dead-url=no}}</ref> Pada tahun yang sama ia bermain bersama dengan [[Liam Neeson|Liam Nesson]] dalam [[Darkman (film 1990)|Darkman]] yang disutradarai oleh [[Sam Raimi|Sam Raini]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://tirto.id/sinopsis-darkman-malam-ini-di-gtv-film-soal-pembalasan-dendam-dmZC|title=Sinopsis Darkman Malam ini di GTV, Film Soal Pembalasan Dendam|work=[[Tirto|Tirto.id]]|language=id|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2021-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227053422/https://tirto.id/sinopsis-darkman-malam-ini-di-gtv-film-soal-pembalasan-dendam-dmZC|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Darkman (1990)|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/darkman|accessdate=2020-04-29|language=en|archive-date=2023-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204195658/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/darkman|dead-url=no}}</ref> Kemudian ia juga membintangi film dengan judul [[Short Cuts]] ([[1993]]) yang disutradari oleh [[Robert Altman]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bob Altman's big Short Cuts gamble|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/oct/21/short-cuts-altman-mike-kaplan|newspaper=The Guardian|date=2009-10-21|access-date=2020-04-29|issn=0261-3077|language=en-GB|first=Mike|last=Kaplan|archive-date=2023-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307170220/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/oct/21/short-cuts-altman-mike-kaplan|dead-url=no}}</ref> Film ini terinspirasi dari sembilan cerita pendek oleh [[Raymond Carver]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Short Cuts (1993) - IMDb|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0108122/fullcredits|accessdate=2020-04-29|archive-date=2023-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615001416/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0108122/fullcredits|dead-url=no}}</ref>

Pada tahun [[1996]], ia bermain sebagai Marge Gunderson, seorang kepala polisi Minnesota yang sedang hamil dalam menjalani penyelidikikan atas pembunuhan di pinggir jalan dalam [[Fargo (film)|Fargo]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Fargo|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0116282/|accessdate=2020-04-29|archive-date=2023-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721135945/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0116282/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Fargo|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/fargo|accessdate=2020-04-29|language=en|archive-date=2023-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721231320/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/fargo|dead-url=no}}</ref> Kejadian ini terjadi setelah seorang penjual mobil ([[William H. Macy]]) mempekerjakan dua penjahat ([[Steve Buscemi]] dan [[Peter Stormare]]) untuk menculik istrinya untuk memeras tebusan yang besar dari ayah mertuanya yang kaya ([[Harve Presnell]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/fargo-review-movie-1996-1086107|title='Fargo': THR's 1996 Review|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2021-04-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418104157/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/fargo-review-movie-1996-1086107|dead-url=no}}</ref> Ia memenangkan Academy Award pertamanya untuk kategori Aktris Pemeran Utama Terbaik. Ia juga memenangkan [[Screen Actors Guild Awards]] seta nominasi untuk [[British Academy Film Awards|BAFTA Awards]] dan [[Penghargaan Golden Globe|Golden Globes]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Fargo - IMDb|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0116282/awards|accessdate=2020-04-29|archive-date=2011-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108042252/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0116282/awards|dead-url=no}}</ref> Masih pada tahun yang sama, ia juga bermain dalam [[Primal Fear (film 1996)|Primal Fear]] bersama dengan [[Richard Gere]], [[Laura Linney]], dan [[Edward Norton]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kapanlagi.com/film/insight-hollywood/primal-fear.html|title=PRIMAL FEAR|last=|first=|date=|website=www.kapanlagi.com|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2022-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003045908/https://www.kapanlagi.com/film/insight-hollywood/primal-fear.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> Film ini diangkat dari novel dengan judul yang sama oleh William Diehl.<ref>{{Cite news|title=FILM REVIEW;A Murdered Archbishop, Lawyers In Armani|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/04/03/movies/film-review-a-murdered-archbishop-lawyers-in-armani.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1996-04-03|access-date=2020-04-29|issn=0362-4331|language=en-US|first=Janet|last=Maslin|archive-date=2023-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427104601/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/04/03/movies/film-review-a-murdered-archbishop-lawyers-in-armani.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.remorselessfiction.com/movie-primal-fear.html|title=Movie Primal Fear|website=PSYCHOPATHS IN FACT & FICTION|language=en|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2021-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174150/https://www.remorselessfiction.com/movie-primal-fear.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> Film ketiganya tahun itu adalah [[Lone Star (film 1996)|Lone Star]] dimana ia bermain dengan [[Chris Cooper]], [[Kris Kristofferson]], [[Matthew McConaughey]], dan juga [[Elizabeth Peña]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/film/lonestar.html|title=Lone Star|website=archive.nytimes.com|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2022-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826094616/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/film/lonestar.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/lone-star-1996|title=Lone Star movie review & film summary (1996) {{!}} Roger Ebert|last=Ebert|first=Roger|website=www.rogerebert.com|language=en|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2014-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031175712/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/lone-star-1996|dead-url=no}}</ref>

Kemudian pada tahun berikutnya ia bermain dalam film berjudul [[Paradise Road (film)|Paradise Road]], yang menceritakan kisah sekelompok wanita asal [[Inggris]], [[Amerika (disambiguasi)|Amerika]], [[Belanda]] dan [[Australia]] yang dipenjara oleh [[Jepang]] di [[Sumatra]] selama Perang Dunia II.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://humanehollywood.org/index.php/movie-archive/item/paradise-road|title=Paradise Road|website=humanehollywood.org|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2016-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314031026/http://www.humanehollywood.org/index.php/movie-archive/item/paradise-road|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Film yang disutradarai oleh [[Bruce Beresford]] ini juga dibintangi oleh [[Glenn Close]], [[Pauline Collins]], [[Jennifer Ehle]], [[Cate Blanchett]], dan [[Elizabeth Spriggs]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/film/road-film-review.html|title=Paradise Road|website=archive.nytimes.com|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2022-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826094549/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/film/road-film-review.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spiritualityandpractice.com/films/reviews/view/779/paradise-road|title=Paradise Road {{!}} Film Review {{!}} Spirituality & Practice|last=Beresford|first=Bruce|website=www.spiritualityandpractice.com|language=en|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2022-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004204929/https://www.spiritualityandpractice.com/films/reviews/view/779/paradise-road|dead-url=no}}</ref> Setelah itu pada 1998, ia terlibat dalam produksi teater karya [[Tennessee Williams]] dengan judul ''A Streetcar Named Desire'' pada 1998. Ia bermain sebagai Blanche DuBois di mana ia dinominasikan untuk [[Penghargaan Tony|Tony Award]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deseret.com/1998/5/30/19382842/mcdormand-s-blanche-goes-clang-in-streetcar|title=McDormand's Blanche goes clang in `Streetcar'|last=Press|first=Associated|date=1998-05-30|website=Deseret News|language=en|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2022-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002194410/https://www.deseret.com/1998/5/30/19382842/mcdormand-s-blanche-goes-clang-in-streetcar|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/1998/legit/reviews/a-streetcar-named-desire-8-1200453691/|title=A Streetcar Named Desire|last=Wolf|first=Matt|last2=Wolf|first2=Matt|date=1998-05-18|website=Variety|language=en|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2023-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406170850/https://variety.com/1998/legit/reviews/a-streetcar-named-desire-8-1200453691/|dead-url=no}}</ref> McDormand juga menjadi anggota asosiasi dan penasihat untuk perusahaan teater eksperimental The Wooster Group.<ref>{{Cite news|title=A Resurrection of Eternal Joy|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/25/theater/the-wooster-group-presents-early-shaker-spirituals.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=2014-05-23|access-date=2020-04-29|issn=0362-4331|language=en-US|first=Michael|last=Paulson|archive-date=2021-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608201518/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/25/theater/the-wooster-group-presents-early-shaker-spirituals.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thewoostergroup.org/company|title=About the Company {{!}} THE WOOSTER GROUP|website=thewoostergroup.org|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2023-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425102429/https://thewoostergroup.org/company|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/article/photo-call-wooster-groups-north-atlantic-with-tierney-and-mcdormand-com-165955|title=PHOTO CALL: Wooster Group's North Atlantic with Tierney and McDormand|last=Blank|first=Matthew|date=Wed Mar 10 16:19:00 EST 2010|website=Playbill|language=en|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2022-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930215042/https://www.playbill.com/article/photo-call-wooster-groups-north-atlantic-with-tierney-and-mcdormand-com-165955|dead-url=no}}</ref>