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'''Pirimidina''' ({{lang-en|Pyrimidine}}) adalah suatu [[senyawa organik]] [[heterosiklik]] [[aromatik]] yang mirip dengan [[piridina]].<ref name="isbn0-582-27843-0">{{cite book |author=Gilchrist, Thomas Lonsdale; Gilchrist, T. L. |authorlink= |editor= |others= |title=Heterocyclic chemistry |edition= |language= |publisher=Longman |location=New York |year=1997 |origyear= |pages= |quote= |isbn=0-582-27843-0 |oclc= |doi= |url= |accessdate=}}</ref> Satu dari tiga [[diazina]] (senyawa heterosiklik enam [[karbon]] dengan dua [[nitrogen]] pada cincin), mempunyai [[nitrogen]] pada posisi 1 dan 3 dalam cincin.<ref name="JouleMills5thp250">{{cite book | title=Heterocyclic Chemistry |edition=5th |editor1-last=Joule |editor1-first=John A. |editor2-last=Mills |editor2-first=Keith |publisher=Wiley |location=Oxford |year=2010 |page=250 |quote= |isbn=978-1-405-13300-5 |oclc= |doi= |url= |accessdate=}}</ref> Kedua diazina lain adalah [[pirazina]] (nitrogen pada posisi 1 dan 4) dan [[piridazina]] ( pada posisi 1 dan 2). Dalam [[asam nukleat]], ketiga tipe [[nukleobasa]] merupakan derivat [[pirimidin]] yaitu: [[sitosina|sitosina (= cytosine)]] (C), [[timina]] (T), dan [[urasil]] (U).
 
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== Keberadaan dan sejarah ==
==Occurrence and history==
[[File:PinnerPyrimidin.png|thumb|left|77px|Pinner'sStruktur 1885pirimidina structuremenurut forPinner pyrimidine(1885).]]
TheSistem pyrimidinecincin ringpirimidina systembanyak hasdijumpai widedalam occurrence in naturealam<ref name=Lagoja1>{{Cite journal
| author = Lagoja, Irene M.
| year = 2007
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| pmid = 17191918
}}</ref>
assebagai substitutedsenyawa andberfusi ringsubstitusi fuseddan compoundscincin andserta derivativesderivatifnya, including thetermasuk [[#NucleotidesNukleotida|nucleotidesnukleotida]], [[thiaminetiamina]] (vitaminB1vitamin B1) anddan [[alloxan]]. Juga Itdidapati isdalam alsobanyak foundsenyawa insintetik many synthetic compounds such asseperti [[barbituratebarbiturat]]s anddan theobat [[HIV drug]], [[zidovudine]]. Meskipun Althoughderivatif pyrimidinepirimidina derivatives such asseperti [[uricasam acidurat]] anddan alloxan weretelah knowndikenal insejak theawal earlyabad 19th centuryke-19, a laboratory synthesis ofsintesis apirimidina pyrimidinedalam waslaboratorium notbaru carrieddilakukan outpada untiltahun 1879,<ref name=Lagoja1>{{Cite journal
| title = Pyrimidine as Constituent of Natural Biologically Active Compounds
}}</ref> whenketika Grimaux reportedmelaporkan the preparation ofpembuatan [[barbituricasam acidbarbiturat]] from Ivydari [[urea]] andIvy dan [[malonicasam acidmalonat]] in the presencedengan ofkatalis [[phosphorusfosfor oxychlorideoxiklorida]].<ref name=Grimaux1879>{{Cite journal
| author = Grimaux, E.
| year = 1879
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| url = http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k30457/f85.image
}}</ref>
TheStudi systematicsistematik studypirimidina of pyrimidines begandimulai<ref name="ElderfieldVol6">{{cite book |author= Kenner, G.W.; Todd, Sir Alexander |editor = Elderfield, R.C. |title=Heterocyclic Compounds, Volume 6 |publisher=Wiley |location=New York |year=1957 |pages=235 |oclc= |doi= |url= |accessdate=}}</ref> inpada tahun 1884 witholeh [[Adolf Pinner|Pinner]],<ref name=Pinner1884>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Adolf Pinner|Pinner, A.]]
| year = 1884
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| url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k90700r/f942.image
}}</ref>
whoyang synthesizedmelakukan derivativessintesis byderivatif condensingmelalui kondensasi [[ethyletil acetoacetateasetoasetat]] withdengan [[amidineamidina]]s. Pinner firstpertama proposedkali themengusulkan namenama “pyrimidin” inpada tahun 1885.<ref name=Pinner1885>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Adolf Pinner|Pinner, A.]]
| year = 1885
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| pages = 759–760
| url = http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k90702f/f761.image
}}</ref> Senyawa Theinduk parentpertama compoundkali wasdibuat first prepared byoleh [[:en:Siegmund Gabriel|Gabriel]] & Colman inpada tahun 1900,<ref name=Gabriel1900>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Siegmund Gabriel|Gabriel, S.]]
| year = 1900
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| doi= 10.1039/JR9510002323
}}</ref>
melalui konversi [[asam barbiturat]] menjadi 2,4,6-trikloropirimidina diikuti oleh reduksi menggunakan debu [[seng]] dalam air panas.
by conversion of [[barbituric acid]] to 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine followed by reduction using zinc dust in hot water.
 
==Nomenclature==
The nomenclature of pyrimidines is straightforward. However, like other heterocyclics, tautomeric hydroxyl groups yield complications since they exist primarily in the cyclic amide form. For example, 2-hydroxypyrimidine is more properly named 2-pyrimidone [structures]. A partial list of trivial names of various pyrimidines exists.<ref name="BrownPyrimidines1994p5">{{cite book |author=Brown, D. J.; Evans, R.F.; Cowden, W. B.; Fenn, M. D. |title=The Pyrimidines |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |location=New York |year=1994 |pages=5–6 |isbn=0-471-50656-7|url= |accessdate=}}</ref>▼
 
==Nomenklatur==
▲TheNomenklatur nomenclaturepirimidina oftergolong pyrimidines is straightforwardsederhana. HoweverNamun, likesebagaimana otherheterosiklik heterocyclicslainnya, tautomericgugus hydroxylhidroksil tautomerik groupsmenghasilkan yieldkomplikasi complicationskarena sincemereka theyadanya existterutama primarilydalam inbentuk theamida cyclic amide formsiklik. For exampleMisalnya, 2-hydroxypyrimidinehidroksipirimidina islebih moretepat properlydinamai named[struktur] 2-pyrimidone [structures]pirimidon. Tersedia daftar Asebagian partial list ofnama-nama trivial names of variousdari pyrimidinesberbagai existspirimidina.<ref name="BrownPyrimidines1994p5">{{cite book |author=Brown, D. J.; Evans, R.F.; Cowden, W. B.; Fenn, M. D. |title=The Pyrimidines |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |location=New York |year=1994 |pages=5–6 |isbn=0-471-50656-7|url= |accessdate=}}</ref>
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==Physical properties==
Physical properties are shown in the data box. A more extensive discussion, including spectra, can be found in Brown ''et al.''<ref name="BrownPyrimidines1994p242">{{cite book |author=Brown, D. J.; Evans, R.F.; Cowden, W. B.; Fenn, M. D. |title=The Pyrimidines |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |location=New York |year=1994 |pages=242–244 |isbn=0-471-50656-7|url= |accessdate=}}</ref>
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