Nimrud: Perbedaan antara revisi

|native_name = كال {{ar icon}}

|alternate_name = Kalhu

|imagealttext =

|map_type = Iraq

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|notes =

}}

 

 

==Sejarah ==

 

Kota ini menjadi terkenal setelah raja [[Ashurnasirpal II]] dari [[Kekaisaran Asyur Baru]] (883 SM - 859 SM) menjadikannya ibukota menggantikan [[Ashur]]. Ia membangun istana dan kuil-kuil besar di kota yang kemudian menjadi reruntuhan selama Zaman Kegelapan dari pertengahan abad ke-11 sampai pertengahan abad ke-10 SM.

Upacara pembukaan dengan keramaian dan perjamuan mewah pada tahun 879 SM dituliskan pada suatu prasasti yang ditemukan pada ekskavasi arkeologi. Kota ini dihuni oleh sekitar 100.000 penduduk dan juga mempunyai [[kebun raya]] dan [[kebun binatang]]. Putranya, [[Salmaneser III]] (858–824 SM), membangun monumen yang dikenal sebagai [[Ziggurat]] Raksasa, dan sebuah kuil yang berhubungan.

 

 

===Shalmaneser III===

King Arshurnasirpal's son [[Shalmaneser III|Shalmaneser II]] (858–823 BC)[[Shalmaneser III|I]] continued where he left off. He spent 31 of his 35-year reign in war and conquest. After a battle near the [[Orontes River]] with a coalition of [[Arameans|Aramean]] and [[Canaan]]ite/[[Phoenicia]]n states he boasted:

::''I slew 14,000 of their warriors with the sword. Like [[Adad]], I rained destruction on them. I scattered their corpses far and wide, (and) covered the face of the desolate plain with their widespreading armies. With (my) weapons I made their blood to flow down the valleys of the land. The plain was too small for their bodies to fall; the wide countryside was used to bury them. With their corpses I spanned the Arantu (Orontes) as with a bridge.''<ref>Miller, J.M. & Hayes, J.H. (1986). ''A History of Ancient Israel and Judah''. [[Westminster John Knox]] Press. p. 257-259.</ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=uDijjc_D5P0C&pg=PA257&dq=shalmaneser+III+campaigns#PPA259,M1]

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==Arkeologi ==

Situs ini pertama kalinya dilaporkan oleh seorang pengelana Britania [[Claudius James Rich]] pada tahun 1820, sesaat sebelum kematiannya.

Ekskavasi di Nimrud pertama kali dilakukan oleh [[Austen Henry Layard]], yang bekerja dari tahun 1845 sampai 1847 dan dari tahun 1849 sampai 1851.

 

=== Patung-patung raksasa dipindahkan ke London===

Pada tahun 1847 setelah menemukan lebih dari separuh dusin pasangan patung raksasa singa atau banteng bersayap yang dikenal sebagai [[:en:lamassu|lamassu]] dengan berat mencapai {{convert|30|ST}} [[Austen Henry Layard|Henry Layard]] membawa dua patung raksasa seberat {{convert|10|ST}} masing-masing termasuk satu singa dan satu banteng ke London. Setelah 18&nbsp;months dan hampir terkena musibah, ia berhasil membawanya ke [[British Museum]].<!-- This involved loading them onto a wheeled cart. They were lowered with a complex system of pulleys and levers operated by dozens of men. The cart was towed by 300 men. He initially tried to hook the cart up to a team of buffalo and have them haul it. However the buffalo refused to move. Then they were loaded onto a barge which required 600 goatskins and sheepskins to keep it afloat. After arriving in London a ramp was built to haul them up the steps and into the museum on rollers.

 

Additional {{convert|30|ST}} colossi were transported to Paris from Khorsabad by Paul Emile Botta in 1853. In 1928 Edward Chiera also transported a {{convert|40|ST|adj=on}} Colossus from Khorsabad to Chicago.<ref name="Mesopotamia 1995 p. 112"/><ref>Oliphant, Margaret ''The Atlas Of The Ancient World'' (1992) p. 32</ref>

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== Lihat pula ==

 

== Referensi ==

 

== Pustaka ==

*[http://www.baghdadmuseum.org/secret/index.htm THE SECRET OF NIMRUD Photographs by Noreen Feeney]

 

[[Kategori:Tempat di Alkitab]]