Actinopterygii: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 18:
Actinopterygii mencakup banyak [[ikan]] yang dikenal awam sebagai ikan konsumsi maupun ikan hias/peliharaan. Secara evolusi, kelompok ini merupakan pengembangan lebih lanjut yang paling adaptif pada keadaan bumi pada masa kini. Sebagian besar jenis-jenis ikan yang hidup pada masa sekarang merupakan anggota kelompok ini.
==Klasifikasi==
Daftar di bawah mengikuti [[Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes]] <ref>{{cite web | author = Betancur-R | title = Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes --Version 3 | url = http://www.deepfin.org/Classification_v3.htm |date=2014}}</ref> dengan catatan jika ini berbeda dari Nelson,<ref>{{cite book| last = Nelson| first = Joseph, S.| title = Fishes of the World| year = 2006| publisher = John Wiley & Sons, Inc| isbn = 0-471-25031-7 }}</ref> [[ITIS]] <ref>{{ITIS |id=161061 |taxon=Actinopterygii |accessdate=3 April 2006}}</ref> dan [[FishBase]].<ref>{{cite web | author = R. Froese and D. Pauly, editors | title = FishBase | url = http://www.fishbase.org |date=February 2006}}</ref>
* '''Subclass [[Cladistii]]''' Pander 1860
** Order †[[Guildayichthyiformes]] Lund 2000
** Order [[Polypteriformes]] ([[bichir]]s and [[reedfish]]es) <ref>In Nelson, [[Polypteriformes]] is placed in its own subclass [[Cladistia]].</ref>
* '''Subclass [[Actinopteri]]''' Cope 1972
** Order †[[Tarrasiiformes]]
** Order †[[Cheirolepidiformes]]
** Order †[[Paramblypteriformes]] Heyler 1969
** Order †[[Rhadinichthyiformes]]
** Order †[[Phanerorhynchiformes]]
** Order †[[Luganoiiformes]] Lehman 1958
** Order †[[Haplolepidiformes]]
** Order †[[Ptycholepiformes]]
** Order †[[Platysomiformes]]
** Order †[[Palaeonisciformes]]
** Order †[[Pholidopleuriformes]]
** Order †[[Peltopleuriformes]]
** Order †[[Perleidiformes]]
** '''Infra class [[Chondrostei]]'''
*** Order [[Acipenseriformes]] ([[sturgeon]]s and [[paddlefish]]es)
*** Order †[[Saurichthyiformes]]
** '''Infra class [[Neopterygii]]''' Regan 1923
*** Order †[[Pachycormiformes]]
*** '''[[Holostei]]'''
**** Order †[[Parasemionotiformes]] Lehman 1966
**** Order †[[Ionoscopiformes]] Grande & Bemis 1998
**** Order †[[Pycnodontiformes]] Berg 1937
**** Order †[[Semionotiformes]] Arambourg & Bertin 1958
**** Order [[Lepisosteiformes]] ([[gar]]s)
**** Order [[Amiiformes]] ([[bowfin]]s)
*** '''[[Teleostei]]''' Müller 1844
**** [[Aspidorhynchiformes]]
**** [[Pholidophoriformes]]
**** [[Leptolepidiformes]]
**** '''[[Teleocephala]]'''
***** '''Megacohort [[Elopocephalai]]''' Patterson 1977 sensu Arratia 1999 ([[Elopomorpha]] Greenwood et al. 1966)
****** Order [[Elopiformes]] ([[ladyfish]]es and [[tarpon]])
****** Order [[Albuliformes]] (bonefishes)
****** Order [[Notacanthiformes]] ([[halosaurs]] and [[spiny eel]]s)
****** Order [[Anguilliformes]] Regan 190 (true [[eel]]s)
***** '''Megacohort [[Osteoglossocephalai]]''' sensu Arratia 1999
****** '''Supercohort [[Osteoglossocephala]]''' sensu Arratia 1999 ([[Osteoglossomorpha]] Greenwood et al. 1966)
******* Order †[[Ichthyodectiformes]] Bardeck & Sprinkle 1969
******* Order †[[Lycopteriformes]]
******* Order [[Osteoglossiformes]] (bony-tongued fishes)
******* Order [[Hiodontiformes]] ([[mooneye]] and [[goldeye]])
****** '''Supercohort [[Clupeocephala]]''' Patterson & Rosen 1977 sensu Arratia 2010
******* Order †[[Crossognathiformes]] Taverne 1989
******* Order †[[Tselfatiiformes]] Nelson 1994
******* '''Cohort [[Otomorpha]]''' ([[Otocephala]]; [[Ostarioclupeomorpha]])
******** '''Subcohort [[Clupei]]''' ([[Clupeomorpha]])
********* Order †[[Ellimmyichthyiformes]] Grande 1982
********* Order [[Clupeiformes]] ([[herring]]s and [[anchovy|anchovies]])
******** '''Subcohort [[Alepocephali]]'''
********* Order [[Alepocephaliformes]]
******** '''Subcohort [[Ostariophysi]]''' Sagemehl 1885
********* '''Section [[Anotophysa]]''' Rosen 1970
********** Order [[Gonorynchiformes]] ([[milkfish]]es)
********* '''Section [[Otophysa]]''' Garstang 1931
********** Order [[Cypriniformes]] ([[Barb (fish)|barbs]], [[carp]], [[danios]], [[goldfish]]es, [[Loach (fish)|loaches]], [[minnow]]s, [[rasbora]]s)
********** Order [[Characiformes]] ([[characin]]s, [[pencilfish]]es, [[Freshwater hatchetfish|hatchetfishes]], [[piranha]]s, [[tetra]]s, [[Golden dorado|dourado / golden (genus ''Salminus'')]] and [[Piaractus mesopotamicus|pacu]])
********** Order [[Gymnotiformes]] ([[electric eel]]s and [[knifefish (disambiguation)|knifefish]]es)
********** Order [[Siluriformes]] ([[catfish]]es)
******* '''Cohort [[Euteleosteomorpha]]''' ([[Euteleostei]] Greenwood 1967 sensu Johnson & Patterson 1996])
******** '''Subcohort [[Lepidogalaxii]]'''
********* [[Lepidogalaxiiformes]]
******** '''Subcohort [[Protacanthopterygii]]''' sensu Johnson & Patterson 1996
********* Order [[Argentiniformes]] ([[barreleye]]s and [[slickhead]]s) (formerly in Osmeriformes)
********* Order [[Galaxiiformes]]
********* Order [[Salmoniformes]] ([[salmon]] and [[trout]])
********* Order [[Esociformes]] ([[esox|pike]])
******** '''Subcohort [[Stomiati]]'''
********* Order [[Osmeriformes]] ([[Smelt (fish)|smelt]]s)
********* Order [[Stomiatiformes]] ([[bristlemouth]]s and [[marine hatchetfish]]es)
******** '''Subcohort [[Neoteleostei]]''' Nelson 1969
********* '''Infracohort [[Ateleopodia]]'''
********** Order [[Ateleopodiformes]] ([[jellynose fish]])
********* '''Infracohort [[Eurypterygia]]''' Rosen 1973
********** '''Section [[Aulopa]]''' [Cyclosquamata]
*********** Order [[Aulopiformes]] ([[Bombay duck]] and [[lancetfish]]es)
********** '''Section [[Ctenosquamata]]''' Rosen 1973
*********** '''Subsection [[Myctophata]]''' [Scopelomorpha]
************ Order [[Myctophiformes]] ([[lanternfish]]es)
*********** '''Subsection [[Acanthomorphata]]'''
************ '''Division [[Lampridacea]]''' [Lampridiomorpha]
************* Order [[Lampriformes]] ([[oarfish]], [[opah]] and [[ribbonfishes]])
************ '''Division [[Paracanthomorphacea]]''' sensu Grande et al. 2013 ([[Paracanthopterygii]] Greenwood 1937)
************* Order [[Percopsiformes]] ([[Amblyopsidae|cavefish]]es and [[trout-perch]]es)
************* Order †[[Sphenocephaliformes]]
************* Order [[Zeiiformes]] ([[dory (fish)|dories]])
************* Order [[Stylephoriformes]]
************* Order [[Gadiformes]] ([[cod]]s)
************ '''Division [[Polymixiacea]]''' ([[Polymyxiomorpha]])
************* Order †[[Pattersonichtyiformes]]
************* Order †[[Ctenothrissiformes]]
************* Order [[Polymixiiformes]] ([[beardfish]]es)
************ '''Division [[Euacanthomorphacea]]''' sensu Johnson & Patterson 1993 ([[Acanthopterygii]] Gouan 1770 sensu Nelson 1994)
************* '''Subdivision [[Berycimorphaceae]]'''
************** Order [[Beryciformes]] ([[fangtooth]]s and [[pineconefish]]es)
************* '''Subdivision [[Holocentrimorphaceae ]]''' ([[Stephanoberyciformes]]; [[Cetomimiformes]])
************** Order [[Holocentriformes]]
************* '''Subdivision [[Percomorphaceae]]''' ([[Percomorpha]] sensu Miya et al. 2003; [[Acanthopteri]])
************** '''Series [[Ophidiimopharia]]'''
*************** Order [[Ophidiiformes]] ([[pearlfish]]es)
************** '''Series [[Batrachoidimopharia]]'''
*************** Order [[Batrachoidiformes]] ([[Batrachoididae|toadfishes]])
************** '''Series [[Gobiomopharia]]'''
*************** Order [[Kurtiformes]]
*************** Order [[Gobiiformes]]
************** '''Series [[Scombrimopharia]]'''
*************** Order [[Syngnathiformes]] ([[Seahorse (fish)|seahorse]]s and [[pipefish]]es<ref>In Nelson and ITIS, [[Syngnathiformes]] is placed as the suborder Syngnathoidei of the order [[Gasterosteiformes]].</ref>)
*************** Order [[Scombriformes]]
************** '''Series [[Carangimopharia]]'''
*************** '''Sub Series [[Anabantaria]]'''
**************** Order [[Synbranchiformes]] ([[swamp eel]]s)
**************** Order [[Anabantiformes]] ([[Labyrinthici]])
*************** '''Sub Series [[Carangaria]]'''
**************** Carangaria incertae sedis
**************** Order [[Istiophoriformes]]
**************** Order [[Carangiformes]]
**************** Order [[Pleuronectiformes]] ([[flatfish]]es)
*************** '''Sub Series [[Ovalentaria]]''' sensu Smith & Near 2012 ([[Stiassnyiformes]] sensu Li et al. 2009)
**************** Ovalentaria incertae sedis
**************** Order [[Pholidichthyiformes]]
**************** Order [[Cichliformes]]
**************** Order [[Atheriniformes]] ([[Silverside (fish)|silversides]] and [[rainbowfish]]es)
**************** Order [[Cyprinodontiformes]] ([[live-bearing aquarium fish|livebearers]], [[killifish]]es)
**************** Order [[Beloniformes]] ([[flyingfish]]es) [incl. Gobiesociformes <ref>In ITIS, [[Gobiesociformes]] is placed as the suborder Gobiesocoidei of the order [[Perciformes]].</ref>]
**************** Order [[Mugiliformes]] ([[mullet (fish)|mullets]])
**************** Order [[Blenniiformes]]
************** '''Series [[Eupercaria]]''' ([[Percomorpharia]])
*************** Eupercaria incertae sedis
*************** Order [[Labriformes]]
*************** Order [[Ephippiformes]]
*************** Order [[Lobotiformes]]
*************** Order [[Acanthuriformes]]
*************** Order [[Chaetodontiformes]]
*************** Order [[Spariformes]]
*************** Order [[Lophiiformes]] ([[anglerfish]]es)
*************** Order [[Tetraodontiformes]] ([[filefish]]es and [[pufferfish]])
*************** Order [[Uranoscopiformes]] ([[Paratrachinoidei]] sensu Li et al. 2009)
*************** Order [[Pempheriformes]]
*************** Order [[Centrarchiformes]]
*************** Order [[Perciformes]] (40% of all fish, including [[anabantid]]s, [[Centrarchidae|centrarchid]]s (including [[bass (fish)|bass]] and sunfish), [[cichlid]]s, [[gobies]], [[gourami]]s, [[mackerel]], [[tuna]], [[perch]]es, [[Scatophagidae|scats]], [[whiting (fish)|whiting]], [[wrasses]], [[betta]]s) (incl. [[Gasterosteiformes]]; [[Scorpaeniformes]])
==Catatan==<!-- AnimalBiology58:23. MolecularPhylogeneticsAndEvolution46:224. -->
{{reflist}}
==Pranala luar==
{{wikispecies|Actinopterygii}}
{{Commons category|Actinopterygii}}
* {{eol|1905}}
* [http://www.untamedscience.com/biodiversity/animals/chordates/ray-finned-fishes ''Actinopterygii'' at UntamedScience.com]
* Jonna, R. (2004) [http://www.arlis.org/docs/vol1/52386062/actinopterygii.html Actinopterygii] ''Animal Diversity Web''. Updated 29 August 2006. Accessed 2 February 2013.
{{Chordata}}
{{Actinopterygii| }}
{{ikan-stub}}
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