Serangan Paris November 2015: Perbedaan antara revisi

Tanggal 14 November, [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam]] (NIIS) mengaku bertanggung jawab atas serangan ini.<ref name="ISIS" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.france24.com/fr/urgent/20151114-lorganisation-etat-islamique-revendique-attentats-paris |title=L'organisation État islamique revendique les attentats de Paris |date=14 November 2015 |publisher=France 24 |language=French |access-date=14 November 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.disclose.tv/news/islamic_state_releases_official_statement_we_did_it_and_paris_is_just_the_start_of_a_storm/124426 |title=ISLAMIC STATE RELEASES OFFICIAL STATEMENT: 'WE DID IT AND PARIS IS JUST THE START OF A STORM' |date=14 November 2015 |publisher=DiscloseTv |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> Motif NIIS adalah balas dendam atas [[keterlibatan asing dalam Perang Saudara Suriah|keterlibatan Perancis]] dalam [[Perang Saudara Suriah]] dan [[Perang Saudara Irak (2014–sekarang)|Perang Saudara Irak]].<ref name="Guardian1" /><ref>{{cite web|last1=Dalton|first1=Matthew|last2=Varela|first2=Thomas|last3=Landauro|first3=Inti|title=Paris Attacks Were an 'Act of War' by Islamic State, French President François Hollande Says|url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/paris-attacks-were-an-act-of-war-by-islamic-state-french-president-francois-hollande-says-1447498080|website=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=14 November 2015|date=14 November 2015|quote=Islamic State claimed responsibility for the attacks on a social media account, but didn't provide specific information that would allow the claim to be verified. It said the attacks were retaliation for French airstrikes against the group in Syria and Iraq.}}</ref> Hollande mengatakan bahwa serangan ini sudah direncanakan dari luar negeri "oleh Daesh,"<ref group=notes>"DAESH" berasal dari bahasa Arab ''"al-dowla al-islaamiyya fii-il-i'raaq wa-ash-shaam"'', yang berarti "Negara Islam Irak dan Syam", atau dikenal dengan "ISIL"/"ISIS". Informasi lebih lanjut, lihat Patrick Garrity. [http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/isis-terror/paris-attacks-what-does-daesh-mean-why-does-isis-hate-n463551 "Paris Attacks: What Does 'Daesh' Mean and Why Does ISIS Hate It?"] ''[[NBC News]]'' (14 November 2015)</ref> singkatan NIIS dalam bahasa Arab,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Nossiter|first1=Adam|last2=Breeden|first2=Aurelien|last3=Bennhold|first3=Katrin|title=Three Teams of Coordinated Attackers Carried Out Assault on Paris, Officials Say; Hollande Blames ISIS|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/15/world/europe/paris-terrorist-attacks.html|accessdate=14 November 2015|work=The New York Times|date=14 November 2015}}</ref> "dengan bantuan di dalam negeri,"<ref name="thomsonreutersfoundation">{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/11/14/us-france-shooting-hollande-idUSKCN0T30JG20151114|title=Hollande says Paris attacks 'an act of war' by Islamic State|publisher=Thomson Reuters Foundation|accessdate=14 November 2015|date=14 November 2015}}</ref> dan mencap serangan ini sebagai "tindakan perang."<ref>{{cite web|title = Paris attacks: Hollande blames Islamic State for 'act of war'|url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-34820016|publisher = BBC News|accessdate = 14 November 2015|date = 14 November 2014}}</ref> Serangan ini merupakan aksi paling mematikan yang terjadi di Perancis sejak Perang Dunia II,<ref name="Telegraph">{{cite web|last1=Fraser|first1=Isabelle|last2=Henderson|first2=Barney|title=Paris shooting: terrorists attack French capital – as it happened on Friday Nov 13|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11995543/Paris-shooting-terrorists-attack-french-capital-as-it-happened-on-Friday-Nov-13.html|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=14 November 2015}}</ref><ref name="CTV">{{cite web|last1=Slaughter|first1=Graham|title=Paris on edge: Recent terror attacks in France|url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/world/paris-on-edge-recent-terror-attacks-in-france-1.2657928|website=CTV News|publisher=CTV news|accessdate=14 November 2015}}</ref> dan di Uni Eropa sejak [[pengeboman kereta api Madrid 2004|bom kereta api Madrid tahun 2004]].<ref name="NYT act of war" />

 

Militer Perancis ikut serta dalam serangan udara di Irak dan Suriah sejak 19 September 2014 ([[Opération Chammal|Operasi Chammal]]). Bulan Oktober 2015, Perancis menyerang sejumlah target di Suriah untuk pertama kalinya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Middle east – 'Terrorists have no passports,' French PM says of Syria air strikes |url=http://www.france24.com/en/20151012-france-pm-valls-terrorists-have-no-passports-air-strikes-french-jihadists-syria |publisher=France 24 |accessdate=14 November 2015 }}</ref> NIIS menyinggung kampanye serangan udara Perancis dalam klaim serangannya di Paris.<ref>{{cite news|title=ISIS expresses fury over French airstrikes in Syria; France says they will continue|url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/world/isis-expresses-fury-over-french-airstrikes-in-syria-france-says-they-will-continue-1.2658642|work=CTV News|date=14 November 2015}}</ref>

 

 

Dua bersaudara Yahudi, Pascal dan Joel Laloux, adalah pemilik teater Bataclan selama lebih dari 40 tahun sebelum menjualnya pada bulan September 2015.<ref name=BataclanJewish/> Mereka mengatakan bahwa teater ini sering mendapat ancaman karena mendukung Israel secara terbuka. Pada bulan 2011, kelompok "Army of Islam" mengancam teater ini atas alasan tersebut.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lepoint.fr/societe/le-bataclan-une-cible-regulierement-visee-14-11-2015-1981544_23.php|title=Pourquoi le Bataclan est-il régulièrement visé ?|work=Le Point|accessdate=14 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = French mag: Bataclan an Islamist target due to Jewish owners|url = http://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/french-mag-bataclan-an-islamist-target-due-to-jewish-owners/|website = The Times of Israel|accessdate = 14 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Fransk magasin: - Bataclan har jødiske eiere|url = http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/uriks/Fransk-magasin---Bataclan-har-jodiske-eiere-8243620.html|website = Aftenposten|accessdate = 14 November 2015}}</ref>

Sebelum serangan Paris, NIIS dan cabang-cabangnya mengaku bertanggung jawab atas sejumlah serangan di tempat lain. Pada tanggal 12 November 2015, [[pengeboman Beirut 2015|dua bom bunuh diri terjadi di Beirut]], Lebanon, dan menewaskan 43 orang. Tanggal 31 Oktober 2015, [[Metrojet Penerbangan 9268]] yang ditumpangi banyak warga Rusia jatuh di Sinai, Mesir, dan menewaskan 224 orang.<!--Do not add MH17 to this crash, because MH17 doesn't related to Flight 9268. MH17 was shot down by Russian missile that doesn't relate to ISIS attacks.--> NIIS cabang Sinai mengklaim tanggung jawab. Pada hari yang sama pula, algojo utama NIIS, [[Jihadi John]], dikabarkan tewas akibat [[kendaraan terbang tempur nirawak|serangan pesawat nirawak]] Amerika Serikat<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/nov/13/us-air-strike-targets-mohammed-emwazi-uk-terrorist-known-as-jihadi-john |title='Jihadi John': high degree of certainty US airstrike killed Mohammed Emwazi, sources say |work=The Guardian |date=13 November 2015}}</ref> dan NIIS [[serangan Sinjar November 2015|terusir dari Sinjar]] oleh laju pasukan Kurdi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/11/13/middleeast/iraq-free-sinjar-isis/index.html|title=Sinjar has been liberated from ISIS, Kurds say|author=Jason Hanna and Ed Payne, CNN|date=13 November 2015|publisher=CNN|accessdate=13 November 2015}}</ref>

 

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|title=Garis waktu serangan

Sedikitnya dua penembakan dan tiga ledakan terjadi di Paris.<ref name="Shapiro 2015"/><ref name="Ing Fieldstadt Press 2015"/> Penembakan dilaporkan terjadi di Rue de la Fontaine-au-Roi, Rue de Charonne, dan Rue Bataclan.<ref name="Goldstein 2015"/>

 

Penembakan di restoran Petit Cambodge ("Little [[Cambodia]]") di [[arondisemen Paris ke-10]] menewaskan empat orang.<ref name=SkyNov13>{{cite work | title = Paris Restaurant Shooting And Blasts Kill 26 | url = http://news.sky.com/story/1587373/paris-restaurant-shooting-and-blasts-kill-26 | work = [[Sky News|Sky]] | date = 13 November 2015 | accessdate = 13 November 2015}}</ref><ref name=Fox8>{{cite web | title = 26 confirmed dead in Paris attacks, 60 held hostage | url = http://myfox8.com/2015/11/13/several-killed-in-shooting-outside-paris-restaurant/ | work = Fox8 | date = 13 November 2015 | accessdate = 13 November 2015}}</ref><ref name=GuardNov15>{{cite news|last1=Rawlinson|first1=Kevin|title=Fatal shootings and explosion reported in Paris – live|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2015/nov/13/shootings-reported-in-eastern-paris-live|accessdate=13 November 2015|work=The Guardian|date=13 November 2015}}</ref> Para pelaku juga menembak orang-orang di luar bar Le Carillon dekat [[Canal Saint-Martin]].<ref name="Stanglin 2015">{{cite web | last=Stanglin | first=Doug | title=At least 26 dead in attacks in central Paris | website=USA TODAY | date=13 November 2015 | url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2015/11/13/multiple-deaths-reported-after-shootings-explosions-paris/75727746/ | accessdate=13 November 2015}}</ref> Menurut [[Associated Press]], 11 orang tewas dalam serangan restoran tersebut.<ref name=GuardNov15/>

 

Penembakan kedua terjadi di [[Bataclan (teater)|teater Bataclan]] di [[arondisemen Paris ke-11]]. Band rock Amerika Serikat [[Eagles of Death Metal]] saat itu sedang pentas di sana.<ref name=GuardNov15/><ref>[http://dunia.tempo.co/read/news/2015/11/14/117718848/peta-teror-paris-serbuan-senapan-di-3-lokasi-bom-di-bar Peta Teror Paris: Serbuan Senapan di 3 Lokasi, Bom di Bar] Tempo.co. 14 November 2015. Diakses tanggal 16 November 2015.</ref> [[Jesse Hughes (musisi)|Jesse Hughes]], vokalis utamanya, keluar gedung lewat belakang panggung.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abc7chicago.com/news/singer-for-eagles-of-death-metal-escapes-paris-attack/1083949/|title=Singer for Eagles of Death Metal escapes Paris attack|work=ABC News|date=13 November 2015|accessdate=13 November 2015}}</ref> Sekitar 60 sampai 100 orang disandera.<ref name="Goldstein 2015"/><ref name=GuardNov15/> Korban yang selamat dari serangan ini mengatakan bahwa pelaku menyebutkan [[Perang Saudara Suriah|Suriah]] dan di sana terdapat lima atau enam pelaku.<ref name="BBCNewsLive" /> Polisi dan tim medis yang tiba di lokasi kejadian ikut diserang.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Paris shooting: Several killed and injured after 'Kalashnikov and grenade attacks' across French capital|url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11995227/Paris-shooting-Many-feared-dead-live.html|website = Telegraph.co.uk|accessdate = 13 November 2015}}</ref> Salah seorang pelaku dilaporkan memegang bahan peledak.<ref name="BBCNewsLive">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-34815972 |title=Paris attacks |publisher=BBC News}}</ref> Julien Pierce, wartawan Europe 1, mengaku melihat sejumlah orang bersenjata masuk Bataclan, dua atau tiga di antaranya tidak mengenakan penutup wajah, dan melepaskan tembakan secara membabi buta ke kerumunan penonton.<ref name="BBCNewsLive" /> Serbuan polisi ke Bataclan menewaskan dua atau tiga pelaku.<ref name=GuardNov15/> Penyanderaan berakhir pukul 0:58 CET.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualites/2015/11/13/01001-20151113LIVWWW00406-fusillade-paris-explosions-stade-de-france.php|title=Attaques terroristes à Paris: des dizaines de morts, l'état d'urgence décrété|work=[[Le Figaro]]|quote=Selon plusieurs sources concordantes, l'assaut est terminé au Bataclan. Selon BFM-TV, deux terroristes auraient été tués.}}</ref> Kepolisian Perancis melaporkan bahwa kurang lebih 100 orang tewas di teater ini.<ref name="BBCNewsLive"/><ref name="Haaretz story" />

 

Sedikitnya 10 orang cedera atau tewas dalam ledakan di bar dekat [[Stade de France]] di kota pinggiran [[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]].<ref name=BBCNov15/> [[Presiden Perancis]], [[François Hollande]], sedang menghadiri pertandingan persahabatan sepak bola antara [[tim nasional sepak bola Perancis|Perancis]] dan [[tim nasional sepak bola Jerman|Jerman]].<ref name="Alter 2015">{{cite web | last=Alter | first=Charlotte | title=Dozens Feared Dead in Night of Violence in Paris | website=TIME.com | date=2015-11-13 | url=http://time.com/4112277/shootings-explosion-reported-in-paris/ | accessdate=2015-11-13}}</ref> Hollande segera diungsikan dari stadion<ref name="Nossiter 2015">{{cite web | last=Nossiter | first=Adam | title=Multiple Attacks Roil Paris; President Hollande Is Evacuated From Stadium | website=The New York Times | date=13 November 2015 | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/14/world/europe/multiple-attacks-roil-paris-president-hollande-is-evacuated-from-stadium.html | accessdate=13 November 2015}}</ref><ref name=GuardNov15/> dan bertemu [[Menteri Dalam Negeri (Perancis)|Menteri Dalam Negeri]] [[Bernard Cazeneuve]] untuk merumuskan langkah selanjutnya untuk menghadapi situasi ini.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.haaretz.com/world-news/1.685943 | title=At Least 35 Dead, More Than 100 Hostages Taken in Multiple Paris Attacks | publisher=[[Haaretz]] | date=13 November 2015 | accessdate=13 November 2015}}</ref>

 

Penembakan dan pengeboman dilaporkan terjadi di pusat perbelanjaan [[Les Halles|Forum des Halles]] di pusat kota Paris.<ref name=TimesofMalta>{{cite news|title=At least 40 people dead in Paris attacks, 100 taken hostage|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20151113/world/two-dead-seven-wounded-in-shooting-in-restaurant-in-central-paris.592017|accessdate=13 November 2015|agency=Reuters|publisher=Times of Malta|date=13 November 2015}}</ref><ref name="Reuters">{{cite web|publisher=Reuters|date=13 November 2015|accessdate=13 November 2015|title=Paris attacks|url=http://live.reuters.com/Event/Paris_attacks_2}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.france24.fr|title=Infos, news & actualités – L'information internationale en direct – France 24|work=France 24|accessdate=13 November 2015}}</ref>

 

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Akibat penyerangan ini dilaporkan 129 orang tewas dan 352 orang terluka, 99 orang dari korban terluka dalam kondisi kritis.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-34814203|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=14 November 2015|date=14 November 2015|title=Paris attacks: Bataclan and other assaults leave many dead}}</ref>

 

Presiden Perancis [[François Hollande]] merilis pernyataan bahwa rakyat Perancis harus kuat menghadapi terorisme. Mantan Perdana Menteri Perancis [[François Fillon]] juga menyatakan bahwa "perang terjadi di tengah-tengah masyarakat kita."<ref name="Fillon-Twitter">{{cite web | last=Fillon | first=François | title=François Fillon on Twitter | website= | date=13 November 2015 | url=https://twitter.com/FrancoisFillon/status/665295004391337984 | accessdate=13 November 2015}}</ref> Pihak berwenang meminta agar warga Paris tetap berada di dalam rumah demi keselamatan diri.<ref name=GuardNov15/>

 

 

<!--According to CTV News, a curfew was put in place in Paris.<ref name="Curfew">{{cite web | url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/world/paris-terror-attack-at-least-35-dead-100-hostages-after-explosions-gunfire-borders-now-closed-1.2657655 | title=Paris terror attack: At least 35 dead, 100 hostages after explosions, gunfire; borders now closed | publisher=[[CTV News]] | date=13 November 2015 | accessdate=13 November 2015}}</ref>{{dubious|talk=Talk:November_2015_Paris_attacks#Curfew|reason=Other sources don't mention this. CTV might be confused with the fact that police recommended people stay at home.}} -->

Hollande membatalkan kunjungannya ke [[KTT G-20 Antalya 2015]] dan mengutus Menteri Luar Negeri [[Laurent Fabius]] dan Menteri Keuangan [[Michel Sapin]] ke sana.<ref name="G20 trip">{{cite web | url=http://news.yahoo.com/hollande-cancels-trip-turkey-g20-attacks-presidency-003825521.html;_ylt=AwrC1Ci8g0ZW52kAs2DQtDMD;_ylu=X3oDMTByOHZyb21tBGNvbG8DYmYxBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDBHNlYwNzcg-- | title=Hollande cancels trip to Turkey for G20 after attacks: presidency | publisher=[[Agence France-Press]] | work=[[Yahoo! News]] | date=13 November 2015 | accessdate=13 November 2015}}</ref>

 

Perdana Menteri Britania Raya, [[David Cameron]], mengeluarkan pernyataan lewat [[Twitter]]: "Kami selalu memikirkan dan mendoakan rakyat Perancis."<ref name="Camercon-Twitter">{{cite web | last=Cameron | first=David | title=David Cameron on Twitter | website= | date=13 November 2015 | url=https://twitter.com/David_Cameron/status/665287406459990016 | accessdate=13 November 2015}}</ref> Presiden Amerika Serikat, [[Barack Obama]], mengatakan, "Ini adalah serangan terhadap Paris, rakyat Perancis, dan seluruh umat manusia beserta nilai-nilai universal yang kita pegang bersama. Kami mendukung [[Perancis]] dalam perjuangan melawan terorisme dan ekstremisme." Taoiseach Irlandia, [[Enda Kenny]], juga mengeluarkan pernyataan solidaritas bersama Perancis.<ref name="Kenny-Twitter">{{cite web|last=Kenny|first=Enda|title=Enda Kenny on Twitter|date=13 November 2015|url=https://twitter.com/EndaKennyTD/status/665295474321047552|accessdate=13 November 2015}}</ref> Presiden [[Indonesia]], [[Joko Widodo]], mengatakan, "Pemerintah dan bangsa Indonesia mengutuk keras kekerasan dan kekejaman yang terjadi di Paris. Terorisme dengan alasan apa pun tidak bisa ditoleransi."<ref>[http://nasional.tempo.co/read/news/2015/11/14/078718852/serangan-teror-bom-di-paris-ini-reaksi-keras-jokowi Serangan Teror Bom di Paris, Ini Reaksi Keras Jokowi]. Tempo.co. 14 November 2015. Diakses tanggal 15 November 2015.</ref>

 

 

== Catatan ==

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