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{{Taxobox
| name = Kukang kalimatanFilipina
| status = VU
| status_system = IUCN3.1
Baris 7:
| status2_system = CITES
| status2_ref = <ref name=CITES/>
| image = Myanmar Illicit Endangered Wildlife Market 06.jpg
| image =
| image_caption = Kukang filipina, ''Nycticebus menagensis''<br />di salah satu restoran hewan liar di [[Myanmar]]
| image_width = 240px
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
Baris 18 ⟶ 19:
| binomial = ''Nycticebus menagensis''
| binomial_authority = ([[Lydekker]], 1893)
*| <!--synonyms_ref Nekaris|Jaffe|2007= --<ref>{{cite journal aut| last1 = Nekaris | first1 =, K.A.I. | last2 =; Jaffe | first2 =, S.}} | title2007. = "Unexpected diversity of slow lorises (''Nycticebus'' spp.'') within the Javan pet trade: implications for slow loris taxonomy". | journal = ''Contributions to Zoology'' | volume = 76 | issue = 3 | year = 2007 | pages = 187–196 | url = [http://www.djmt.nl/cgi/t/text/get-pdf?idno=m7603a04;c=ctz |'''76'''(3): format = PDF | accessdate = 9 January 2011 | archiveurl = http://www187–196.webcitation.org]</5vc6Jc13z | archivedate = 9 January 2011 | deadurl = no | ref = harv}}>▼
| synonyms_ref = {{Sfn|Nekaris|Jaffe|2007|p=188}}
| synonyms =
*''Lemur menagensis'' {{small|Lydekker, 1893}}<ref>{{aut|[[Richard Lydekker|Lydekker, R.]]}} 1893. "Mammalia". [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/100112#/summary ''Zoological Record''] '''29''': 24-5</ref>
*''Lemur menagensis'' <small>Lydekker, 1893</small>
*''Nycticebus philippinus'' <{{small>|[[Ángel Cabrera (naturalis)|Cabrera]], 1908</small>}}
*''Nycticebus coucang menagensis'': <{{small>|[[Colin Groves|Groves]], 1971</small>}}
| range_map = Bornean Slow Loris area.png
| range_map_caption = Wilayah persebaran kukang kalimantanfilipina sebelum dibagidipisahkan dalammenjadi 4&nbsp;spesies pada 20132012
}}
 
'''Kukang kalimantanfilipina''' (''Nycticebus menagensis'' {{small|Lydekker, 1893}}) atau dahulu juga dinamai '''kukang Filipinaborneo''' adalah sebuah ([[primata]]bahasa [[StrepsirrhiniInggris|strepsirrhineIngg.]]: dan sebuah''Bornean [[spesies]]Slow-loris'') dariadalah sejenis [[kukang]] yang berasalmenyebar daridi pesisir utara dan timur wilayah pulauPulau [[Kalimantan]] serta [[Kepulauan Sulu]] di [[Filipina]]. Spesies tersebut pertama kali dinamaidideskripsi pada 1892.
 
== Referensi Pengenalan==
Di antara jenis-jenis kukang di Kalimantan, ''Nycticebus menagensis'' terbilang sangat pucat, dengan pola pewarnaan wajah yang sedikit kontras dan ujung atas cincin gelap sekeliling mata yang berbentuk membundar atau baur di tepinya. Tepi bawah cincin gelap itu bervariasi, dan kadang kala melewati lengkung (tulang) pipi. Jalur pucat di antara kedua mata sempit; pola atau bercak besar di ubun-ubun juga baur; telinganya telanjang (tak berambut panjang); dan pita pucat di depan telinga cenderung lebar, meski bervariasi.<ref name=mund>{{aut|Munds, R.A.; K.A.I. Nekaris; & S.M. Ford}}. 2012. "Taxonomy of the Bornean slow loris, with new species ''Nycticebus kayan'' (Primates, Lorisidae)." ''American Journal of Primatology'' [http://www.nocturama.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/2013MundsetalBorneanLorisTaxonomy.pdf '''75'''(1): 46-56.] doi = 10.1002/ajp.22071, pmid = 23255350</ref>
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=
<ref name=2012BBC>{{cite news | last1 = Walker | first1 = M. | title = Primate species: new slow loris found in Borneo | publisher = BBC News | date = 13 December 2012 | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/20704172 | archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/6DAEoNVc5 | archivedate = 24 December 2012 | deadurl = no}}</ref>
 
Pewarnaan tubuh ''N. menagensis'' mirip dengan ''[[Nycticebus kayan|N.kayan]]'' yang juga cenderung pucat. Hanya saja, pola warna di wajah ''N. kayan'' cenderung lebih gelap dan kontras; serta, jika diperbandingkan, rambut di badan ''N. kayan'' lebih lembut dan halus.<ref name=mund/>
<ref name=MUNews>{{cite web | last1 = Wall | first1 = T. | title = Three new species of venomous primate identified by MU researcher | url = http://munews.missouri.edu/news-releases/2012/1213-three-new-species-of-venomous-primate-identified-by-mu-researcher/ | publisher = Missouri University News Bureau | accessdate = 19 December 2012 | date = 13 December 2012 | archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/6DAEjIOmw | archivedate = 24 December 2012 | deadurl = no}}</ref>
 
Panjang tubuh rata-rata adalah 274,2 [[milimeter|mm]] (kepala dan badan, dari 6 spesimen).<ref name=mund/> Sementara bobot tubuh jenis-jenis kukang di Kalimantan berkisar antara 265–610(-800) [[gram|g]], sebagaimana tercatat dari berbagai spesimen di museum.<ref name=mund/>
<ref name=2010NatGeoNewsWatch>{{cite web | last = Braun | first = D. | title = Love potions threaten survival of lorises | publisher = National Geographic | year = 2010 | url = http://blogs.nationalgeographic.com/blogs/news/chiefeditor/2010/05/lorises-at-risk-from-illegal-trade.html | accessdate = 9 January 2011 | archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5vb6w7hxs | archivedate = 9 January 2011}}</ref>
 
==Catatan taksonomis==
<ref name=2006CITES>{{cite conference | author = Management Authority of Cambodia | title = Notification to Parties: Consideration of Proposals for Amendment of Appendices I and II | date = 3–15 June 2007 | publisher = CITES | page = 31 | location = Netherlands | url = http://www.cites.org/eng/notif/2006/E052.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate = 9 January 2011 | archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5vacXUYZJ | archivedate = 8 January 2011}}</ref>
''N. menagensis'' pertama kali dideskripsi berdasarkan [[spesimen koleksi|spesimen]] yang dikoleksi pada November 1891 dari [[Pulau Tawi-tawi]] oleh Frank S. Bourns dan Dean C. Worcester. Spesimen yang dikumpulkan dalam Ekspedisi Ilmiah Menage itu kemudian dikirimkan kepada Henry F. Nachtrieb, presiden Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan Minnesota dan ketua Departemen Zoologi pada [[Universitas Minnesota]], Amerika Serikat. Nachtrieb kemudian menulis deskripsinya berdasarkan laporan yang dikirimkan Worcester, dan memberikan nama ''menagensis'' pada tahun 1892 kepada spesies kukang itu namun tidak menempatkannya ke dalam salah satu marga, selain memberikan catatan bahwa "... merupakan anggota suku Lemuridae yang belum diketahui dengan jelas". Setahun kemudian, seorang naturalis bangsa [[Inggris]], [[Richard Lydekker]], menamainya sebagai ''Lemur menagensis'' dalam satu publikasinya di jurnal ''The Zoological Record''; itulah nama ilmiah yang pertama yang diakui bagi spesies ini.<ref>{{aut|Timm, R.M.; & E.C. Birney}}. 1980. "Mammals collected by the Menage Scientific Expedition to the Philippine Islands and Borneo, 1890–1893". ''Journal of Mammalogy'' '''61'''(3): 566–71. doi:10.2307/1379858. JSTOR 1379858.</ref><ref>{{aut|Timm, R.M.; & E.C. Birney}}. 1992. "Systematic notes on the Philippine slow loris, ''Nycticebus coucang menagensis'' (Lydekker, 1893) (Primates: Lorisidae)". ''International Journal of Primatology'' [http://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/dspace/bitstream/1808/5704/1/loris%20pic%20file.pdf '''13'''(6): 679–86.] doi:10.1007/BF02551259.</ref>
 
Pada 1939 [[Reginald Innes Pocock]] menulis revisi atas aneka jenis ''Nycticebus'' yang telah diterbitkan, dan berkesimpulan bahwa semua kukang itu hanya satu [[spesies]] saja, yakni ''[[Nycticebus coucang|N.&nbsp;coucang]]''.<ref>{{aut|Pocock, R.I.}} 1939. ''The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia'', vol. '''1''': 165. London: Taylor and Francis.</ref> Pandangan ini bertahan selama 30 tahun lebih, sampai pada tahun 1971 ketika [[Colin Groves]] meyakini bahwa ''N.&nbsp;pygmaeus'' adalah spesies yang betul-betul berbeda, dan bahwa ''N.&nbsp;coucang'' terdiri dari empat [[subspesies]] yang berlainan; salah satunya ''N.&nbsp;c.&nbsp;menagensis''.<ref>{{aut|Groves, C.P.}} 1971. "Systematics of the genus ''Nycticebus''". ''Proceedings of the Third International Congress of Primatology'' '''1''': 44-53. Zürich, Switzerland.</ref> Belakangan, berdasarkan atas hasil kajian [[DNA]], diperoleh bukti bahwa ''N. menagensis'' berbeda signifikan dengan ''N. coucang'', sehingga statusnya dikembalikan ke dalam aras spesies.<ref>{{aut|Chen, J.-H.; Pan, D.; Groves, C. P.; Wang, Y. -X.; Narushima, E.; Fitch-Snyder, H.; Crow, P.; Thanh, V. N.; Ryder, O.; Zhang, H. -W.; Fu, Y.; Zhang, Y.}} 2006. "Molecular phylogeny of ''Nycticebus'' inferred from mitochondrial genes". ''International Journal of Primatology'' '''27'''(4): 1187–200. doi:10.1007/s10764-006-9032-5</ref>
<ref name=IUCN>{{IUCN | id = 39760 | taxon = ''Nycticebus menagensis'' | assessors = Nekaris, A. & Streicher, U. | assessment_year = 2008 | version = 2010.4 | accessdate = 23 January 2011}}</ref>
 
Akan tetapi kemudian, pada 2012, hasil kajian Mund dkk. terhadap pola pewarnaan wajah dan beberapa ciri lain kukang, serta wilayah sebarannya, mendapatkan bahwa ''N. menagensis'' sebetulnya terdiri dari beberapa spesies. Spesies-spesies tersebut adalah ''[[Nycticebus bancanus|N. bancanus]]'', ''[[Nycticebus borneanus|N. borneanus]]'', serta satu spesies baru ''[[Nycticebus kayan|N. kayan]]'', selain dari ''N. menagensis'' sendiri.<ref name=mund/>
<ref name=CITES>{{cite web | title = Appendices I, II and III | publisher = Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) | year = 2010 | url = http://www.cites.org/eng/app/Appendices-E.pdf | format = PDF}}</ref>
 
}}
==Konservasi==
Sebelum dipisahkan menjadi 4 [[spesies]], kukang borneo dikategorikan sebagai [[Rentan]] (''Vulnerable'') dalam [[Daftar Merah IUCN]] (2008);<ref name=IUCN/> serta dimuat dalam Apendiks I [[CITES]] yang berarti dilarang diperdagangkan secara internasional.<ref name=CITES>CITES: [https://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php CITES Appendices, valid from 5 February 2015.] (diakses 6/I/2016)</ref> Jenis ini (sebagai anak-jenis ''N. coucang'') juga dilindungi oleh perundang-undangan negara Indonesia semenjak 1973.<ref>{{aut|[[Ibnu Maryanto|Maryanto, I.]] & K. Soebekti}}. 2001. "Mamalia": 8, <u>dalam</u> M. Noerdjito & I. Maryanto (eds.) ''Jenis-jenis hayati yang dilindungi perundang-undangan Indonesia''. Bogor: Puslit Biologi LIPI - Bidang Zoologi.</ref>
 
Hewan ini menyebar jarang-jarang di wilayah agihannya, dan kelestarian populasinya terancam oleh perburuan liar (guna diperdagangkan sebagai [[hewan timangan]] dan lain-lain) serta kehilangan habitat.<ref name=IUCN>{{aut|Nekaris, A. & U. Streicher}}. 2008. [http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/full/39760/0 "''Nycticebus menagensis''".] ''IUCN Red List of Threatened Species''. Version 2015-4. International Union for Conservation of Nature. (Diakses 06/I/2011)</ref>
 
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|2}}
 
=== Karya sastra yang dikutip ===
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* <!-- Thorn|Nijman|Smith|Nekaris|2009 -->{{Cite journal | last1 = Thorn | first1 = J.S. | last2 = Nijman | first2 = V. | last3 = Smith | first3 = D. | last4 = Nekaris | first4 = K.A.I. | title = Ecological niche modelling as a technique for assessing threats and setting conservation priorities for Asian slow lorises (Primates:''Nycticebus'') | doi = 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00535.x | journal = Diversity and Distributions | volume = 15 | pages = 289–298| year = 2009 | pmid = | pmc = | ref = harv}}
* <!-- Tougard|2001 -->{{Cite journal | last1 = Tougard | first1 = C. | doi = 10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00243-1 | title = Biogeography and migration routes of large mammal faunas in South-East Asia during the Late Middle Pleistocene: focus on the fossil and extant faunas from Thailand | journal = Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology | volume = 168 | pages = 337–336 | year = 2001 | pmid = | pmc = | ref = harv}}
* <!-- Wells|Pfeiffer|Lakim|Linsenmair|2004 -->{{Cite journal | last1 = Wells | first1 = Konstans | last2 = Pfeiffer | first2 = Martin | last3 = Lakim | first3 = Maklarin B. | last4 = Linsenmair | first4 = K. Eduard | title = Use of arboreal and terrestrial space by a small mammal community in a tropical rain forest in Borneo, Malaysia | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.01032.x | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 31 | issue=4 | pages = 641–652 | year = 2004 | pmid = | pmc = | ref = harv}}
* <!-- Worcester|Bourns|1905 -->{{cite journal | last1 = Worcester | first1 = D. C. | last2 = Bourns | first2 = F. S. | year = 1905 | title = Letters from the Menage Scientific Expedition to the Philippine Islands | journal = Bulletin of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences | volume = 4 | pages = 131–172 | ref = harv | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=FI0YAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA131}}
{{refend}}
 
[[Kategori:Mamalia di Asia TenggaraNycticebus]]
[[Kategori:Mamalia di MalaysiaIndonesia]]
[[Kategori:MamaliaSatwa Liar Dilindungi di Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Fauna di Kalimantan]]
[[Kategori:Mamalia di Brunei]]
[[Kategori:Mamalia di Filipina]]
[[Kategori:Primata di Asia]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Kukang_filipina"