Robert McNamara: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 3:
|image = Robert McNamara official portrait.jpg
|imagesize = 250px
|order =
|term_start = 21 Januari 1961
|term_end = 29 Februari 1968
Baris 10:
|predecessor = [[Thomas S. Gates, Jr.]]
|successor = [[Clark Clifford]]
|order2 =
|term_start2 = April 1968
|term_end2 =
|deputy2 =
|president2 =
|predecessor2 = [[George David Woods]]
|successor2 = [[Alden W. Clausen]]
|birth_date =
|birth_place = [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]], [[California]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|2009|7|6|1916|6|9}}
|death_place = [[Washington, D.C.]]
|party = [[
|spouse =
|alma_mater = [[
|religion = [[
|signature = Robert S McNamara Signature.svg
|branch = [[
|serviceyears = 1943-1946
|rank = [[
|awards
{{plainlist | style = white-space: nowrap; |
* [[Legion of Merit]]
*[[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] (1968)}}
|footnotes =<ref name=NYTobit>
{{cite news
|title=Robert S. McNamara, Architect of a Futile War, Dies at 93 - Obituary
|first=Tim |last=Weiner |authorlink=Tim Weiner |date=
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/07/us/07mcnamara.html?pagewanted=5&_r=1&hp |
|curly= |author= |author2= |author3= |author4= |author5= |author6= |author7=
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Baris 42 ⟶ 45:
}}
[[Berkas:RobertMcNamara55.jpg|thumb|Robert McNamara]]
'''Robert Strange McNamara''' ({{lahirmati|[[San Francisco, California]]|9|6|1916|[[Washington, D.C.]]|6|7|2009}}) adalah seorang eksekutif bisnis dan [[Menteri Pertahanan Amerika Serikat]] yang kedelapan. Ia menjadi Menteri Pertahanan
Robert McNamara lahir di [[San Francisco, California]], tempat ayahnya bekerja sebagai ''sales manager'' untuk perusahaan sepatu.
McNamara merupakan lulusan Harvard University dengan nilai kelulusan Phi Beta Kappa di mana hanya 3 orang yang lulus dengan nilai tersebut, dan salah satunya adalah McNamara. Dalam film dokumenter ''[[The Fog of War]]'' McNamara menjelaskan dan mengeluarkan 11 aturan atau lebih dikenal sebagai ''McNamara 11 Way''. Film tersebut merupakan suatu penggambaran perjalanan dirinya dari seorang perwira perang, direktur di perusahaan [[Ford]] sampai ia diminta oleh Presiden Kennedy untuk menjadi menteri pertahanan.▼
▲McNamara merupakan lulusan [[Universitas Harvard
Pada akhir kariernya di Pentagon, ia dianugerahi Bintang Kemerdekaan oleh Presiden Lyndon Johnson.
== Hasil karya ==
*(1968) ''The Essence of Security: Reflections in Office.'' New York, [[Harper & Row]], 1968; London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1968. ISBN 0-340-10950-5.
*(1973) ''One hundred countries, two billion people: the dimensions of development.'' New York, Praeger Publishers, 1973. ASIN B001P51NUA<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=lY4rAAAAMAAJ Google Books]</ref>
*(1981) ''The McNamara years at the World Bank: major policy addresses of Robert S. McNamara, 1968-1981''; dengan kata pengantar oleh Helmut Schmidt and Léopold Senghor. Baltimore: Diterbitkan untuk Bank Dunia oleh [[Johns Hopkins University Press]], 1981. ISBN 0-8018-2685-3.
*(1985) ''The challenges for sub-Saharan Africa.'' Washington, DC: 1985.
*(1986) ''Blundering into disaster: surviving the first century of the nuclear age.'' New York: Pantheon Books, 1986. ISBN 0-394-55850-2 (hardcover); ISBN 0-394-74987-1 (pbk.).
*(1989) ''Out of the cold: new thinking for American foreign and defense policy in the 21st century.'' New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989. ISBN 0-671-68983-5.
*(1992) ''The changing nature of global security and its impact on South Asia.'' Washington, DC: Washington Council on Non-Proliferation, 1992.
*(1995) ''[[In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam]].'' (with Brian VanDeMark.) New York: Times Books, 1995. ISBN 0-8129-2523-8; New York: Vintage Books, 1996. ISBN 0-679-76749-5.
*(1999) ''Argument without end: in search of answers to the Vietnam tragedy.'' (Robert S. McNamara, James G. Blight, and Robert K. Brigham.) New York: Public Affairs, 1999. ISBN 1-891620-22-3 (hc).
*(2001) ''Wilson’s ghost: reducing the risk of conflict, killing, and catastrophe in the 21st century.'' (Robert S. McNamara and James G. Blight.) New York: Public Affairs, 2001. ISBN 1-891620-89-4.
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{wikiquote}}
{{Commonscat|Robert McNamara}}
*[http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=13983224&fsrc=nwl Berita kematian ''The Economist'']
*[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/politics-obituaries/5760914/Robert-McNamara.html Robert McNamara] - berita kematian ''Daily Telegraph''
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{{succession box
|title=[[Menteri Pertahanan Amerika Serikat|Menteri Pertahanan A.S.]]
|before= [[Thomas S. Gates Jr.]]
|after= [[Clark Clifford]]
|years= 1961–1968}}
{{s-npo}}
{{succession box
|before=[[George David Woods]]
|title=[[Bank Dunia#Daftar Presiden Bank Dunia|Presiden Bank Dunia]]
|after=[[Alden W. Clausen]]
|years=1968–1981
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Bank Dunia}}
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{{lifetime|1916|2009|McNamara, Robert}}
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