Wikipedia

Universitas Arizona: Perbedaan antara revisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnyaRevisi selanjutnya →
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
hapus inggris
Baris 1:
{{terjemah|Inggris}}
{{Infobox_University|
name=Universitas Arizona|
Baris 41 ⟶ 40:
 
Mahasiswa UA telah terpilih sebagai penerima berbagai beasiswa elit Amerika Serikat, seperti beasiswa Flinn, Truman, Rhodes, Goldwater, Fulbright dan National Merit. Menurut The Chronicle of Higher Education, UA adalah salah satu dari 25 institusi edukasi yang paling banyak menciptakan para penerima beasiswa bergengsi Fulbright.
 
<!--==History==
===Founding===
[[Image:Old_Main_(U_of_Arizona).jpg|right|thumb|200px|Old Main, the oldest building on the University of Arizona campus]]
The University of Arizona was approved by the Arizona Territorial Legislature in [[1885]]. Ironically, the city of Tucson had hoped to receive the appropriation for the territory's mental hospital, which carried a sum of money slightly larger than the $25,000 allotted to the territory's only university (the antecedent to Arizona State University was also chartered in 1885, but it was created as Arizona's [[normal school]], and not a university). [[Tucson]], having a smaller contingent of legislators than cities like [[Prescott, Arizona|Prescott]] and [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]], was granted last priority and was awarded the university, which disappointed many city residents. With no parties willing to step forth and provide land for the new institution, the citizens of Tucson prepared to return the money to the Territorial Legislature until two gamblers and a saloon keeper decided to donate the land necessary to build the school. Classes met for the first time in [[1891]] with 32 students in Old Main, the first building constructed on campus, and still in use to this day.
<ref name="History 3">{{cite web | title=The Old Main | publisher=Arizona Board of Regents | year=2005 | work=UA History | accessdate=March 29 | accessyear=2006 | url=http://www.arizona.edu/tours/history/history3.php }}</ref>
 
Because there were no high schools in Arizona Territory, the University maintained separate preparatory classes for the first 23 years of operation.
 
<gallery>
Image:IMG_1989.jpg|University of Arizona Mall
Image:IMG_1993.jpg|Old Main - University of Arizona
Image:IMG_1996.jpg|Old Main - University of Arizona
Image:IMG_1994.jpg|Wildcat Family Statue - University of Arizona
</gallery>
 
==Campus architecture and museums==
The main campus sits on 380 acres in central Tucson, about one mile northeast of downtown. There are 179 buildings on the main campus. Many of the early buildings, including the [[Arizona State Museum]] buildings (one of them the 1927 main library) and Centennial Hall, were designed by Roy Place, a prominent Tucson architect. It was Place's use of red brick that set the tone for the red brick facades that are a basic and ubiquitous part of nearly all UA buildings.[http://www.tucsonweekly.com/tw/2000-10-12/curr4.html]
 
The oldest campus buildings are located west of Old Main. The buildings east of Old Main date from the 1940's to the 1980's.
 
The Student Union Memorial Center, located on the north side of the Mall east of Old Main, was completely reconstructed between 2000 and 2003, replacing a 270,000 square foot structure originally opened in 1951 (with additions in the 1960's). The new $60 million student union has 405,000 square feet of space on four levels, including 14 restaurants (including such national chains as [[McDonald's]], [[Panda Express]], [[Papa John's Pizza]] and [[Chick-fil-A]]), a new bookstore that includes a counter for [[Clinique]] merchandise, 23 meeting rooms, eight lounge areas (including one dedicated to the [[USS Arizona]]), a computer lab, a U.S. Post Office, a copy center and a video arcade. [http://www.azstarnet.com/clips/030120uaunion.html]
 
For current museum hours, fees, and directions see "campus visitor's guide" in the external links.
 
* Much of the main campus has been designated an [[arboretum]]. Plants from around the world are labeled along a self-guided plant walk. The Krutch Cactus Garden includes the tallest [[Boojum tree]] in the state of Arizona.<ref>{{cite news | first=Inger | last=Sandal | url=http://www.azstarnet.com/dailystar/relatedarticles/40311.php | title= Boojum boon for UA campus | publisher=Arizona Daily Star | date=[[24 September]] [[2004]]}}</ref> (The university also manages [[Boyce Thompson Arboretum State Park]], located c. 85 miles north of the main campus.)
 
*Two herbaria are located on the University campus and both are referred to as "ARIZ" in the ''Index Herbariorum''
**The University of Arizona Herbarium - contains roughly 400,000 specimens of plants.
**The Robert L. Gilbertson Mycological Herbarium - contains more than 40,000 specimens of [[fungi]].
 
* The Arizona State Museum is the oldest [[anthropology]] museum in the [[American Southwest]].
 
* The [[Center for Creative Photography]] features rotating exhibits. The permanent collection includes over 70,000 photos, including many [[Ansel Adams]] originals.
 
* [[University of Arizona Museum of Art]].
 
* The Arizona Historical Society is located one block west of campus.
 
* [[Flandrau Science Center]] has exhibits, a [[planetarium]], and a public-access [[telescope]].
 
* The [[University of Arizona Mineral Museum]] is located in the Flandrau Science Center in Tucson, Arizona. The collection dates back to 1892 and contains over 20,000 minerals from around the world, including many examples from Arizona and Mexico.
 
* The University of Arizona Poetry Center
 
* The football stadium has the Navajo-Pinal-Sierra dormitory in it. The dorm rooms are underneath the seats along the South and East sides of the stadium. [http://www.life.arizona.edu/undergraduate/has/halldescripts/navajopinal.asp]
 
==Organization==
===Regents===
The University of Arizona, like its sister campuses [[Arizona State University]] and [[Northern Arizona University]], is governed by the '''Arizona Board of Regents''' or the ABOR, a 12-member body. According to information published by the ABOR office and available on their Web site, eight volunteer members are appointed by the Governor to staggered eight-year terms; two students serve on the Board for two-year appointments, with the first year being a nonvoting apprentice year. The Governor and the Superintendent of Public Instruction serve as voting ex-officio members. The ABOR provides "policy guidance" and oversight to the three major degree-granting universities, as provided for by Title 15 of the [[Arizona Revised Statutes]].
 
===Administration===
 
'''Presidents of the University'''
 
The current and 19th university president is [[Robert N. Shelton]], whose term began in [[2006]]. The former president, [[Peter Likins]], vacated his post at the conclusion of the 2005-06 academic term.<ref name="Swedlund"/> Notable past UA presidents include Richard Harvill and John Schaefer.
 
==Academics==
 
===Academic subdivisions===
The University of Arizona offers 334 fields of study at four levels: bachelor's, masters, doctoral, and first professional.
 
Academic departments and programs are organized into colleges and schools. Typically, schools are largely independent or separately important from their parent college. In addition, not all schools are a part of a college. The university maintains a current list of colleges and schools at http://www.arizona.edu/index/colleges.php <ref>{{cite web | title= Colleges & Schools | publisher = University of Arizona | url=http://www.arizona.edu/index/colleges.php | accessdate=November 23 | accessyear=2005 }}</ref>.
 
===Admissions===
 
The UA is considered a "more selective" university by [[U.S. News and World Report]].<ref>{{cite web | title=USNews.com: America's Best Colleges 2007: National Universities | url=http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/college/directory/brief/drglance_1083_brief.php | accessdate=December 19 | accessyear=2006 }}</ref> In 2005, the UA matriculated 5,974 freshmen, out of 15,724 freshmen admitted, from an application pool of nearly 18,000 applicants. The average person admitted to the university as a freshman in 2005 had a weighted GPA of 3.38 and an average score of 1122 out of 1600 on the SAT admissions test. 10 students were [[Flinn Foundation|Flinn Scholar]]s and 104 were [[National Merit Scholarship|National Merit Scholars]]. <ref name="Fact Book 2006">{{cite book | editor=Office of Institutional Research & Evaluation | title=The University of Arizona Fact Book 2005-06| url=http://oire.arizona.edu/files/Fact_Book/NC_UA_Factbook05-06_proof02.pdf | format=PDF }}</ref>
 
UA students hail from all states in the [[U.S.]] While nearly 72 % of students are from [[Arizona]], 8 % are from [[California]], followed by a significant student presence from [[Illinois]], [[Texas]], and [[Washington]] ([[2004]]).<ref name="Fact Book">{{cite book | editor=Office of Institutional Research & Evaluation | title=The University of Arizona Fact Book 2004-05| url=http://oire.arizona.edu/files/Fact_Book/Nc_Factbook04_05.pdf | format=PDF }}</ref> The UA has approximately 2,200 international students representing 135 countries. International students comprise approximately 6 % of the total enrollment at UA.<ref name="Fact Book"/>
 
===Academic and research reputation===
 
Among the strongest programs at UA are [[optics|optical sciences]], [[astronomy]], [[astrophysics]], [[planetary science]]s, [[hydrology]], [[hydrogeology]], [[linguistics]], [[philosophy]], [[engineering]] and [[anthropology]].
 
Arizona is classified as a Carnegie Foundation "Doctoral/Research Universities—Extensive" university.<ref name="uaadvancement 1">{{cite web|title=UA Highlights 2004-05|url=http://uaadvancement.arizona.edu/pdf/UA_Highlights_AY_2004-05.pdf | accessdate=January 1|accessyear=2006}}</ref>
 
The university receives more than $400 million USD annually in research funding, generating nearly 75% of the research dollars in the Arizona university system. This figure is triple the total research funds generated by [[Arizona State University]] and [[Northern Arizona University]] combined,<ref name="Highlights and rankings 16">{{cite web | title = Campus Highlights | work = Highlights and Rankings | publisher = University of Arizona | accessdate = 29 March | accessyear = 2006 | url = http://uaadvancement.arizona.edu/highlights/retrieve.php?factcategoriesid=16 }}</ref> and 26th highest in the U.S. (including public and private institutions).<ref name="uaadvancement 1"/> The university has an endowment of $393.4 million USD as of [[2006]].<ref name="America's Best Colleges 2007">{{cite web | title = University of Arizona | work=America's Best Colleges 2007 | publisher = U.S.News & World Report | accessdate = 2 September | accessyear = 2007 | url = http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/college/directory/brief/drglance_1083_brief.php }}</ref>
 
UA is awarded more [[NASA]] grants for space exploration than any other university nationally.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.arizona.edu/marketing/achieve/achieve-nicole.php | title=The First UA Undergrad to Command a Camera on Mars | accessdate=2006-04-18}}</ref>) The UA was recently awarded over $325 million USD to lead [[NASA|NASA's]] [[2007]] mission to [[Mars]] to explore the Martian arctic. The school's [[Lunar and Planetary Laboratory]]'s work in the [[Cassini-Huygens|Cassini]] spacecraft orbit around [[Saturn]] is larger than that of any other university globally. The UA laboratory designed and operated the atmospheric radiation investigations and imaging on the probe.<ref>{{cite web | title = The eyes of the world... and beyond | publisher = Arizona Board of Regents | accessdate = 29 March | accessyear = 2006 | url = http://uaadvancement.arizona.edu/leading/eyes.php }}</ref> The UA operates the [[HiRISE]] camera, a part of the [[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]].
 
* The Eller College of Management McGuire Entrepreneurship program is currently the number 1 ranked undergraduate program in the country, ahead of numerous Ivy League schools. This ranking was made by The Princeton Review and Entrepreneur Magazine.
 
* The Council for Aid to Education ranked the UA 12th among public universities and 24th overall in financial support and gifts.<ref name="Highlights and rankings 22"/> ''Campaign Arizona'', an effort to raise over $1 billion USD for the school, exceeded that goal by $200 million a year earlier than projected.<ref name="UA Highlights 2004-5">{{cite web | url = http://uaadvancement.arizona.edu/pdf/UA_Highlights_AY_2004-05.pdf | title = Academic Year 2004-05 Highlights | format = PDF | accessdate = 28 January | accessyear = 2006 }}</ref>
 
* The [[National Science Foundation]] ranks UA 16th among public universities, and 26th among all universities nationwide in research funding.<ref name="UA Highlights 2004-5"/>
 
* UA receives more [[NASA]] grants annually than the next nine top NASA-[[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]-funded universities combined.<ref name="UA Highlights 2004-5"/>
 
* UA students have been selected as [[Flinn Scholars|Flinn]], [[Harry Truman|Truman]], [[Rhodes Scholars|Rhodes]], [[Barry Goldwater|Goldwater]], [[Fulbright Scholars|Fulbright]], and [[National Merit Scholarship Program|National Merit]] scholars.<ref name="Highlights and rankings 17">{{cite web | title = Student Honors | work = Highlights and Rankings | publisher = University of Arizona | accessdate = 29 March | accessyear = 2006 | url = http://uaadvancement.arizona.edu/highlights/retrieve.php?factcategoriesid=17 }}</ref>
** According to ''The Chronicle of Higher Education'', UA is among the top 25 producers of Fulbright awards in the U.S.<ref name="UA Highlights 2004-5"/>
 
===Notable associations===
* UA is a member of the [[Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy]], a consortium of institutions pursuing research in astronomy. The association operates observatories and [[telescopes]], notably [[Kitt Peak National Observatory]] near the UA campus.
 
* UA is a member of the [[Association of American Universities]], and the sole representative from Arizona to this group.
 
===Notable rankings===
* The [[Eller College of Management]]'s programs in [[Accounting]], [[Entrepreneurship]], [[Management Information Systems]], and [[Marketing]] are ranked in the nation's top 25 by U.S. News & World Report. The Masters in MIS program has been ranked in the top 5 by U.S. News & World Report since the inception of the rankings.<ref>{{cite web | title= Masters in MIS program | url=http://mis.eller.arizona.edu/cgi-bin/web/about/rankings.cgi | accessdate=November 23 | accessyear=2005 }}</ref> It is one of three programs to have this distinction.
**The Eller MBA program has ranked among the top 50 programs for 11 straight years by U.S. News & World Report. In [[2005]] the MBA program was ranked 40th by U.S. News & World Report. [[Forbes]] Magazine ranked the Eller MBA program 33rd overall for having the best Return on Investment (ROI), in its fourth biennial rankings of business schools [[2005]]. The MBA program was ranked 24th by The [[Wall Street Journal]]'s [[2005]] Interactive Regional Ranking.<ref name="Highlights and rankings 22"/>
 
* Out of more than 120 accredited design schools in the country, [http://www.di.net/archschools/schools.html DesignIntelligence] ranked the College’s School of [[Landscape Architecture]] as the No. 1 graduate program in the western region while the School of [[Architecture]] was rated No. 6 in the western region and '''16th nationally''' for [[2007]]
 
* The [[James E. Rogers College of Law]] was ranked 41st nationally by U.S. News & World Report in [[2005]].<ref name="Highlights and rankings 22"/>
 
* According to the National Academy of Sciences, the Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology is one of the top-rated research departments in ecology and evolutionary biology in the U.S.
 
* The Systems and [[Industrial Engineering]] (SIE) Department is ranked 18th in the 'America's Best Graduate Schools 2006' by US News and World Report.
 
* The [[analytical chemistry]] program at UA is ranked 4th nationally by U.S. News & World Report ([[2006]]).<ref name="Highlights and rankings 22"/>
 
* The [[Doctor of Pharmacy]] program is ranked 4th nationally by U.S. News & World Report in [[2005]].<ref name="Highlights and rankings 22"/>
 
===Libraries===
 
In 2005, the Association of Research Libraries, in its "Ranked Lists for Institutions for 2005", ranked the UA libraries as the 33rd overall university library in North America (out of 113) based on various statistical measures of quality; this is one rank below [[Duke University]], one rank ahead of [[Northwestern University]].[http://www.arl.org/stats/arlstat/index.html]
 
As of 2006, the UA's library system contains nearly five million volumes.
 
The Main Library, opened in 1976, serves as the library system's reference, periodical, and administrative center; most of the main collections and special collections are housed here as well. The Main Library is located on the southeast quadrant of campus near [[McKale Center]] and [[Arizona Stadium]]. The Science and Engineering Library is in an adjacent building from the 1960's that houses volumes and periodicals from those fields. The Music Building (on the northwest quadrant of campus where many of the fine arts disciplines are clustered) houses the Fine Arts Library, including reference collections for architecture, music (including sheet music, recordings and listening stations), and photography. There is a small library at the [[Center for Creative Photography]], also in the fine arts complex, devoted to the art and science of photography.
 
==Athletics==
{{main|Arizona Wildcats}}
[[Image:Arizona-a.gif|right|University of Arizona "A"]]
 
Like many large public universities in the [[U.S.]], sports are a major activity on campus, and receive a large operating budget. Arizona's athletic teams are nicknamed the '''Wildcats''', a name derived from a [[1914]] football game with then [[California]] champions [[Occidental College]], where the [[L.A. Times]] asserted that, "the Arizona men showed the fight of wildcats."<ref name="History 8">{{cite web | title=The McKale Era -- Building an Athletic Tradition | publisher=Arizona Board of Regents | year=2005 | work=UA History | accessdate=March 29 | accessyear=2006 | url=http://www.arizona.edu/tours/history/history8.php }}</ref> The University of Arizona participates in the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]]'s Division I-A in the [[Pacific Ten Conference]].
 
===Men's Basketball===
The [[basketball|men's basketball]] team has been one of the nation's most successful programs since [[Lute Olson]] was hired as head coach in [[1983]]. As of 2006, the team has amassed 20 consecutive 20-win seasons, and reached the NCAA Tournament 22 consecutive years, which is the longest active and second-longest streak in [[NCAA]] history ([[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]] has the longest streak with 27). [[Lute Olson]] has taken the Wildcats to the [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship#Final Four|Final Four]] of the NCAA tournament in [[1988]], [[1994]], [[1997]], and [[2001]]. In [[1997]], Arizona defeated the [[University of Kentucky]], the defending national champions, to win the NCAA National Championship ([[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship]]) by a score of 84-79 in overtime; Olson's first national championship victory. The championship team became the first in [[NCAA]] history to defeat three number-one seeds en route to a national title. Current assistant coach, [[Miles Simon]] was chosen as [[Final Four MVP]]. In 1972 Fred Snowden was hired as the head basketball coach, making Arizona the first Division I school with a black head coach. The Wildcats play their home games at the [[McKale Center]] in Tucson. A number of former Wildcats have gone on to pursue successful professional NBA careers, including [[Gilbert Arenas]], [[Richard Jefferson]], [[Mike Bibby]], [[Jason Terry]], and [[Steve Kerr]].
 
===Football===
The [[American Football|football]] team began at the University of Arizona in [[1899]] under the nickname "Varsity" (a name kept until the [[1914]] season when the team was deemed the "Wildcats").<ref name="History 7">{{cite web | title=The First Football Team - 1899 | publisher=Arizona Board of Regents | year=2005 | work=UA History | accessdate=March 29 | accessyear=2006 | url=http://www.arizona.edu/tours/history/history7.php }}</ref>
 
The football team was notably successful in the 1990s under head coach [[Dick Tomey]] and his "Desert Swarm" defense that was characterized by tough, hard-nosed tactics. In [[1993]], the team had its first 10-win season and beat the [[University of Miami]] Hurricanes in the [[Fiesta Bowl]] by a score of 29-0. It was the bowl game's only shutout in its 23-year history. In [[1998]], the team posted a school-record 12-1 season and made the [[Holiday Bowl]] in which it defeated the [[University of Nebraska|Nebraska Cornhuskers]]. Arizona ended that season ranked 3rd nationally and 2nd in several publications.The 1998 Holiday Bowl was televised on ESPN and set the now-surpassed record of being the most watched of any bowl game in the network's history. The current record belongs to the 2005 [[Alamo Bowl]] between [[University of Michigan|Michigan]] and [[University of Nebraska|Nebraska]]. The Team is currently coached by [[Mike Stoops]], brother of [[Bob Stoops]] the head football coach at the [[University of Oklahoma]].
 
 
<gallery>
Image:IMG_1995.jpg|Arizona Stadium - University of Arizona
</gallery>
 
===Baseball===
The [[baseball]] team had its first season in 1904. The [[baseball]] team has captured three national championship titles in [[1976]], [[1980]], and [[1986]], all coached by [[Jerry Kindall]]. Arizona baseball teams have appeared in the NCAA National Championship title series a total of six times, including [[1956]], [[1959]], [[1963]], [[1976]], [[1980]], and [[1986]] ([[College World Series]]). The team is currently coached by [[Andy Lopez]]; aided by Assistant Coach [[Mark Wasikowski]], Assistant Coach [[Jeff Casper]] and Volunteer Assistant Coach [[Keith Francis]]. Arizona baseball also has a malicious student section named [[The Hot Corner]].
 
===Softball===
The Arizona [[softball]] team is among the top programs in the country and a perennial powerhouse. The softball team has won seven [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] Women's College World Series titles, in [[1991]], [[1993]], [[1994]], [[1996]], [[1997]], [[2001]], and [[2006]] under head coach [[Mike Candrea]] ([[NCAA Softball Championship]]). Arizona defeated [[Northwestern University]] in the [[2006]] National Championship series in [[Oklahoma City, Oklahoma|Oklahoma City]]. The team has appeared in the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] National Championship in [[1991]], [[1992]], [[1993]], [[1994]], [[1995]], [[1996]], [[1997]], [[1998]], [[2001]], [[2002]] and [[2006]], a feat second only to [[UCLA]]. Coach Mike Candrea, along with former Arizona pitcher [[Jennie Finch]], led the [[2004]] U.S. Olympic softball team to a gold medal in [[Athens, Greece]].
 
===Men's and Women's Golf===
The university's [[golf]] teams have also been notably successful. The men's team won a national championship in [[1992]] ([[NCAA Division I Men's Golf Championships]]), while the women's team won national championships in [[1996]] and [[2000]] ([[NCAA Women's Golf Championship]]).
 
===Other===
Three national championships for [[synchronized swimming]] were won in [[1980]], [[1981]], and [[1984]], though these championships were in the [[Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women]], and not the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]].
 
Although surprising to some, the University of Arizona has a noteworthy history in [[ice hockey]]. The school's club team, known as the Icecats, has won over 520 games since its inception in [[1978]]. The Icecats defeated [[Penn State]] for the National Collegiate Club Hockey National Championship in [[1985]]. They are now part of [[ACHA]] Division I.
 
===Individual National Championships===
A number of notable individuals have also won national championships in the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]]. These include [[Amanda Beard]] in [[2001]] for [[swimming]] and [[Annika Sörenstam]] in [[1991]] in [[golf]]. The men's [[cross country running|cross country]] has also produced two individual national titles in [[1986]] (Aaron Ramirez) and [[1994]] (Martin Keino) ([[NCAA Men's Cross Country Championship|NCAA Men's Cross Country Champions]]). The women's cross country also produced two individual national titles in [[1996]] and [[2001]] ([[NCAA Women's Cross Country Championship]]). Another notable individual was football standout Vance Johnson who won the NCAA long jump in 1982.
 
===Rivalries===
A strong academic and athletic rivalry exists between the University of Arizona and [[Arizona State University]] located in [[Tempe, Arizona|Tempe]]. The UA leads the all-time record against ASU in men's basketball (135-73), football (44-34-1), and baseball (224-189-1) as of January 2006. The football rivalry game between the schools is known as "The Duel in the Desert." The trophy awarded after each game, the [[Territorial Cup]], is the nation's oldest rivalry trophy, distinguished by the NCAA. Rivalries have also been created with other [[Pacific Ten Conference|Pac-10]] teams, especially [[University of California, Los Angeles]] which has provided a worthy [[softball]] rival and was Arizona's main [[basketball]] rival in the early and mid-1990s.
 
===Mascot===
[[Image:Wilma_wilbur.jpg|right|Wilma & Wilbur]]
The University mascot is an [[anthropomorphized]] [[Bobcat|wildcat]] named [[Wilbur (mascot)|Wilbur]]. The identity of Wilbur is kept secret through the year as the mascot appears only in costume. In [[1986]], Wilbur married his longtime wildcat girlfriend, Wilma. Together, Wilbur and Wilma appear along with the [[cheerleading]] squad at most Wildcat sporting events.<ref name="Wilber">{{cite web | title=Wilbur & Wilma Wildcat | publisher=Arizona Board of Regents | year=2005 | work=Traditions Tour | accessdate=March 29 | accessyear=2006 | url=http://www.arizona.edu/tours/traditions/traditions3.php }}</ref>
Wilbur was originally created by Bob White as a cartoon character in the University's humor magazine, ''Kitty Kat''. From 1915 through the 1950s the school mascot was a live [[bobcat]], a species known locally as a wildcat. 1959 marked the creation of the first incarnated Wilbur, when University student John Paquette and his roommate, Dick Heller, came up with idea of creating a costume for a student to wear. Ed Stuckenhoff was chosen to wear the costume at the homecoming game in 1959 against Texas Tech and since then it has become a long-standing tradition. Wilbur will celebrate his 50th birthday in November 2009.
 
===Notable venues===
* [[McKale Center]], opened in [[1973]], is currently used by men's and women's basketball, women's gymnastics, and women's volleyball. The official capacity has changed often. The largest crowd to see a game in McKale was 15,176 in [[1976]] for a game against the [[University of New Mexico]], a main rival during that period. In [[2000]], the floor in McKale was dubbed Lute Olson Court, for the basketball program's winningest coach. During a memorial service in [[2001]] for Lute's wife, Bobbi, who'd died after a battle with ovarian cancer, the floor was renamed Lute and Bobbi Olson Court. In addition to the playing surface, McKale Center is host to the offices of the UA athletic department. McKale Center is named after J.F. Pop McKale, who was athletic director and coach from [[1914]] through [[1957]].
 
* [[Arizona Stadium]], built in [[1928]], seats over 56,000 patrons. It hosts [[American football]] games and has also been used for university graduations. The turf is [[bermuda grass]], taken from the local Tucson National Golf Club. Arizona football's home record is 258-139-12. The largest crowd ever in Arizona Stadium was 59,920 in 1996 for a game against Arizona State University.
* [[Jerry Kindall Field]] at [[Frank Sancet Stadium]] hosts [[baseball]] games.
 
* [[Rita Hillenbrand Memorial Stadium]] hosts [[softball]] games.
 
==Current state of the university==
* Led by Roger Angel, researchers in the [[Steward Observatory]] Mirror Lab at UA are working in concert to build the world's most advanced telescope. Known as the [[Giant Magellan Telescope]], the instrument will produce images 10 times sharper than those from the Earth-orbiting [[Hubble Telescope]]. The telescope is set to be completed in [[2016]] at a cost of $500 million USD. Researchers from at least nine institutions are working to secure the funding for the project. The telescope will include seven 18-ton mirrors capable of providing clear images of [[volcanoes]] and riverbeds on [[Mars]] and [[mountains]] on the moon at a rate 40 times faster than the world's current large telescopes. The mirrors of the Giant Magellan Telescope will be built at UA and transported to a permanent mountaintop site in the [[Chile|Chilean]] [[Andes]] where the telescope will be constructed.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/undergrad/classes/fall2005/Lauretta_102-14/SciAZ/GiantMagTel.htm | title=Giant Magellan Telescope | accessdate=2006-07-12}}</ref>
 
* The [[Arizona Radio Observatory]], a part of [[Steward Observatory]], operates the [[ARO 12m Radio Telescope|12 Meter Telescope]] on [[Kitt Peak]] and the [[Heinrich Hertz Submillimeter Telescope|Submillimeter Telescope]] on [[Mount Graham]].
 
* Reaching [[Mars]] in March 2006, the [[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]] contained the HiRISE camera, with Primary Investigator is [[scientist]] [[Alfred McEwen]] as the lead on the project. This [[NASA]] mission to Mars carried a UA-designed camera expected to capture the highest-resolution images of the planet ever seen. The journey of the orbiter was 300 million miles. The project is expected to be in its Primary Science Phase in the month of October.
 
* Under construction is the [[Mars]] Lander known as the [[Phoenix (spacecraft)|Phoenix Scout Mission]], led by UA Scientist Peter Smith. The mission's purpose is to improve knowledge of the Martian Artic. After landing on Mars, it will be the first mission completely controlled by a university.
 
* A downturn in Arizona's economy in the 2000s led to less money being allocated by the state legislature to Arizona's universities. Academic programs were hard-hit, and the university was forced to consider extensive changes, beginning in [[2002]]. As a result, a reorganization known as '''"Focused Excellence"''' aimed to focus the mission of the university on '''research''', '''graduate training''', and '''more selective undergraduate education''', in part, by eliminating and merging less popular and low-revenue academic departments. The closure of some programs, notably the innovative Arizona International College and the School of Planning, provoked widespread protest. However, efforts to improve academic performance and to encourage new research areas were not enough to prevent a number of key departures from the faculty in the early 2000s, and budgets remain restricted. '''"Focused Excellence"''' was quietly wound up in 2006 and its website removed, but new President Robert Shelton's Dec. 2006 [http://www.president.arizona.edu/prescomm_more.cfm?f_ID=19| message to the University] suggests further retrenchment is essential in the light of funding cuts.
 
* The University of Arizona is the only remaining [[PAC-10]] conference school to not award plus and minus grades for courses. Currently, grades are given on a strict 4-point scale with "A" worth 4, "B" worth 3, "C" worth 2, "D" worth 1 and "E" worth zero points. Discussions with students and faculty may lead the UA toward using a plus-minus grading system in the future. Administrators say that the change could occur as early as Fall [[2006]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Arizona Summer Wildcat - Making the grade: UA's plus/minus debate - Monday, August 9, 2004 | url=http://wc.arizona.edu/papers/97/160/01_1.html | accessdate=December 13 | accessyear=2006 }}</ref>
 
==Student life==
 
===Recognized fraternities and sororities of the Greek System===
There are currently (2005) 44 [[Fraternities and sororities|fraternity and sorority]] chapters that are recognized by the University of Arizona. As of [[2006]], approximately 10.3 % of male UA students were members of campus fraternities, and 10.8 % of female students were members of sororities. The fraternities and sororities are governed by 3 governing councils. The ''Interfraternity Council (IFC)'' represents 25 fraternities, the ''National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC)'' represents 6 historically African-American fraternities and sororities, and the ''Panhellenic Association (PHC)'' represents 20 sororities. The university maintains a full list of recognized fraternities and sororities as well as a map that highlights the locations of fraternity and sorority houses at http://www.union.arizona.edu/csil/greek/chapters/index.php <ref>{{cite web | title= http://www.union.arizona.edu/csil/greek/chapters/index.php | url=http://www.union.arizona.edu/csil/greek/chapters/index.php | accessdate=November 23 | accessyear=2005 }}</ref>.
 
===Recognized student clubs and organizations===
A new and expansive Student Union building,<ref>{{cite web | title=home : arizona student unions (See above) | url=http://www.union.arizona.edu | accessdate=November 23 | accessyear=2005 }}</ref> opened in [[2003]] as the largest student union in the U.S. not affiliated with a hotel. The University of Arizona is home to more than 500 philanthropic, multi-cultural, social, athletic, academic, and student clubs and campus organizations. A listing is found at Center For Student Involvement and Leadership (CSIL)<ref>{{cite web | title= Center For Student Involvement and Leadership (CSIL) | url=http://www.union.arizona.edu/cgi-bin/WebObjects/Clubs | accessdate=November 23 | accessyear=2005 }}</ref> through the Student Union.
 
CSIL also houses the Arizona Blue Chip Program<ref>{{cite web | title= Arizona Blue Chip Program | url=http://www.union.arizona.edu/csil/bluechip/index.php | accessdate=November 23 | accessyear=2005 }}</ref> one of the largest collegiate-level leadership development programs in the United States, with over 500 active students at any one time throughout the 4 years of the program. Blue Chip was founded in [[1999]] and has formed a partnership with the [[University of Wollongong]], in [[Wollongong, New South Wales|Wollongong]], [[Australia]] where a sister program, the Black Opal Leadership Development Program<ref>{{cite web | title= Black Opal Leadership Development Program | url=http://unicentre.uow.edu.au/csd/blackopal | accessdate=November 23 | accessyear=2005 }}</ref> began in February, [[2005]]. Structure, curriculum, students and even staff are exchanged between the two institutions in a unique international leadership development initiative.
 
Through funding from the CSIL and the Associated Students of the University of Arizona, clubs are given the resources and encouragement to explore unusual interests.
 
===Student government representation===
[[Image:N466.11.jpg|thumb|190px|The logo of the UA Residence Hall Association.]]
Overall, students at the University of Arizona have, since [[1913]], been represented by the Associated Students of the University of Arizona (ASUA). Representation is elected by the students every year (usually in March). In recent years, the [[Graduate and Professional Student Council]] (GPSC) has emerged to represent issues specific to non-undergrads.
 
On-Campus residents also have their own Student Leadership Organization known as the [http://uarha.web.arizona.edu/ Residence Hall Association]. Anyone who lives on campus is automatically a member of RHA. The individual subunits of RHA consist of the hall councils of all 21 residence halls. Each Hall Council is composed of a President, a Director of Programming (for social events), a Director of Operations (for administrative duties), and two RHA Representatives who are sent to represent their hall at RHA General Body Meetings. At these meetings, the gathered representatives and RHA Executive Board, elected from within the RHA General Body, discuss issues and make decisions concerning all 6,000 on campus residents. The RHA Executive Board consists of 7 different elected positions (President, Vice President of Public Relations, National Communications Coordinator, Vice President of Finances, Vice President of Operations, Vice President of Services, and Vice President of Programming) along with an appointed Parliamentarian position and two general advisors plus one programming advisor.
 
==Miscellany==
===Film===
* The film ''[[Revenge Of The Nerds|Revenge of the Nerds]]'' ([[1984]]) was filmed at the University of Arizona. In the movie, the Alpha Beta "jock" house is the real-life home to the UA chapter of the [[Alpha Gamma Rho]] Fraternity. The dorm room (with the balcony) seen in the film is located on the third floor of historic Cochise Hall on campus.
 
* In the [[1994]] film ''[[Speed (film)|Speed]]'', [[Keanu Reeves]] responds to [[Sandra Bullock]]’s University of Arizona t-shirt by saying, "Arizona Wildcats...good football team."
 
* In the [[2006]] film ''[[You, Me and Dupree]]'', several characters are watching the Arizona Wildcats play football against [[Washington State University]]. While playing in their blue uniforms, Arizona scores on a fumble recovery.
 
===Novels===
*Portions of [[David Foster Wallace]]'s novel ''[[Infinite Jest]]'' take place at the University of Arizona campus, including a scene in the administration building satirizing the school's [[bureaucracy]]. Foster Wallace is an alumnus of UA.
 
===Comedy===
 
* The campus comedy group, [[Comedy Corner]] claims to be the oldest college sketch and improv comedy group and has performed at the [[National College Comedy Festival]].<ref> http://www.union.arizona.edu/csil/uab/comedycorner/ </ref>
 
===History===
* In [[1974]], the University of Arizona received $5.5 million USD from the [[Arizona]] state legislature to renovate its football stadium. A provision of this legislation (ARS 15-1630) prohibited [[University Medical Center]] from performing abortions (unless the mother's life is in jeopardy) or teaching its medical students [[abortion]] procedures. This legislation is still in effect, and could potentially impact every public medical school in Arizona, making Arizona the only state which prohibits the teaching of abortion in public universities. To address this issue, [[Planned Parenthood]] implemented a rotation for [[obstetrics]] and [[gynecology]] residents to receive abortion training. Interested residents and medical students have the ability to utilize such resources to study the medical and surgical procedures of abortion. Second and third year Ob/Gyn residents have scheduled time available to pursue training. Medical students may pursue training on an elective basis.
 
* The University of Arizona [[marching band]], named [[The Pride of Arizona]], played at the halftime of the first [[Super Bowl]].
 
* The current school colors are cardinal [[red]] and navy [[blue]]. Before [[1900]], the colors were sage green and silver. The switch was made when a lucrative discount on red and blue jerseys became available.<ref name="Colors">{{cite web | title=UA Colors | publisher=Arizona Board of Regents | year=2005 | work=Traditions Tour | accessdate=March 29 | accessyear=2006 | url=http://www.arizona.edu/tours/traditions/index.php }}</ref>
 
* Arizona's first mascot was a real desert [[bobcat]] named "Rufus Arizona", introduced in [[1915]].<ref name="History 10">{{cite web | title=Rufus Arizona | publisher=Arizona Board of Regents | year=2005 | work=UA History | accessdate=March 29 | accessyear=2006 | url=http://www.arizona.edu/tours/history/history10.php }}</ref>
 
* In [[1952]] Jack K. Lee, an applicant for the UA's band directorship, departed Tucson by air following an interview with UA administration. From his airplane window, Lee observed the huge letters on the roof of the UA gymnasium reading "BEAR DOWN." Inspired, Lee scribbled down the music and lyrics to an up-tempo song. By the time his plane landed, he had virtually finished it. A few weeks later Lee was named the UA band director, and in September [[1952]], the UA band performed "Bear Down, Arizona!" in public for the first time. Soon thereafter, "Bear Down, Arizona!" became accepted as UA's fight song ([[Bear Down]]).<ref name="Berger Memorial Fountain">{{cite web | title=Berger Memorial Fountain | publisher=Arizona Board of Regents | year=2005 | work=UA History | accessdate=March 29 | accessyear=2006 | url=http://www.arizona.edu/tours/traditions/traditions11.php }}</ref>
 
* The Berger Memorial Fountain at the west entrance of Old Main honors the UA students who lost their lives in [[World War I]], and dates back to [[1919]].<ref name="Berger Memorial Fountain"/>
 
===Traditions===
* A [[Bell (instrument)|bell]] housed on the [[USS Arizona (BB-39)|USS Arizona]], one of the two bells rescued from the ship after the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]], has a permanent home in the clock tower of the Student Union Memorial Center on campus. The bell first arrived on campus in July [[1946]]. The bell is rung seven times each month at 12:07 p.m - symbolic of the battleship's sinking on Dec. 7, 1941 - to honor individuals at the UA, as well as after home football victories against non-Arizona teams.<ref name="U.S.S. Arizona Bell">{{cite web | title=Ringing of the U.S.S. Arizona Bell | publisher=Arizona Board of Regents | year=2005 | work=UA History | accessdate=March 29 | accessyear=2006 | url=http://www.arizona.edu/tours/traditions/traditions8.php }}</ref>
 
* At the beginning of each school year, freshmen repaint the "A" on [[Sentinel Peak (Arizona)|"A" Mountain]], and for more than 100 years the "A" remains a [[Tucson]] and Wildcat landmark.<ref name="History 9">{{cite web | title='A' Mountain | publisher=Arizona Board of Regents | year=2005 | work=UA History | accessdate=March 29 | accessyear=2006 | url=http://www.arizona.edu/tours/history/history9.php }}</ref> The "A" is now painted Red, White and Blue until all troops in foreign wars steming from the September 11th attacks return home. This was passed by the ASUA student government body shortly after the war in Afghanistan began in 2001.
 
* Spring Fling is the largest student-run carnival in the U.S. and has been held annually by UA students since [[1975]].<ref name="Spring Fling">{{cite web | title=Spring Fling | publisher=Arizona Board of Regents | year=2005 | work=UA History | accessdate=March 29 | accessyear=2006 | url=http://www.arizona.edu/tours/traditions/traditions7.php }}</ref>
 
==Notable alumni and staff==
{{main|List of University of Arizona people}}
 
Notable alumni include a former [[U.S. Secretary of the Interior]], the [[U.S. Surgeon General]], the creator of the television series "[[Sesame Street]]" and founder of the Children's Television Workshop, [[Arturo Moreno]]- the owner of the [[Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim]] [[Major League Baseball]] team, several [[NASA]] astronauts, NBA players [[Gilbert Arenas]], [[Richard Jefferson]], [[Andre Iguodala]], [[Luke Walton]], [[Jason Terry]], [[Hassan Adams]], [[Channing Frye]], [[Mike Bibby]], [[Salim Stoudamire]], [[Steve Kerr]], and [[Tom Tolbert]], [[Rande Gerber]] and [[Geraldo Rivera]], NFL Linebackers [[Tedy Bruschi]], [[Lance Briggs]], [[Antonio Pierce]], NFL cornerback [[Chris McAlister]], and actors [[Greg Kinnear]], [[Rob Hyland]], and [[Kate Walsh (actor)|Kate Walsh]] among others.
 
[[Nobel laureates]] on the faculty include two members of the College of Optical Sciences: Dr. [[Nicolaas Bloembergen]] (Physics, 1981) and Dr. [[Willis E. Lamb]] (Physics, 1955). For details, see [[Nobel Prize laureates by university affiliation]].
 
The UA has eight [[Pulitzer Prize]] winners (alumni and faculty), and more than 50 faculty as elected members of exclusive academies including [[Royal Society|Britain's Royal Society]], and the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], among others. Two current UA professors were also recently named to [[Popular Science]] magazine's list of "Brilliant 10."<ref name="Highlights and rankings 15">{{cite web | title = Faculty Honors | work = Highlights and Rankings | publisher = University of Arizona | accessdate = 26 January | accessyear = 2006 | url = http://uaadvancement.arizona.edu/highlights/retrieve.php?factcategoriesid=15 }}</ref>
 
The UA is also the alma mater of [[Karl Eller]] for whom the business school is named.
 
In 1959, [[Gordon Lish]] graduated with a bachelor's degree in English with honors from the University of Arizona.-->
 
== Pranala luar ==
Baris 306 ⟶ 55:
<references/>
 
{{universitas-stub}}
[[Kategori:Perguruan tinggi di Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Universitas di Arizona| ]]
[[Kategori:Tucson, Arizona]]
 
[[de:University of Arizona]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Universitas_Arizona"