Edmund Husserl: Perbedaan antara revisi

| region = Western Philosophy

| era = [[20th-century philosophy]]

| color = #B0C4DE

| image = Edmund Husserl 1900.jpg

| caption = Edmund Husserl

| name = Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl

| birth_date = April 8, 1859, [[Prostějov|Proßnitz]], [[Moravia]], [[Austrian Empire|Austria]] (today [[Prostějov]], [[Czech Republic]])

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1938|04|28|1859|04|8}} [[Freiburg]], [[German Reich|Germany]]

| school_tradition = [[Phenomenology (philosophy)|Phenomenology]]

| main_interests = [[Epistemology]], [[Mathematics]]

| influences = [[Franz Brentano]], [[Carl Stumpf]], [[Karl Weierstrass]], [[Gottlob Frege]], [[Bernard Bolzano]], [[Johann Friedrich Herbart]], [[Friedrich Nietzsche]], [[René Descartes]], [[Saint Augustine]], [[Immanuel Kant]], [[David Hume]], [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]], [[Plato]]

| influenced = [[Max Scheler]], [[Martin Heidegger]], [[Adolf Reinach]], [[Eugène Minkowski]], [[Edith Stein]] (St. Teresa Benedicta of the Cross), [[Emmanuel Levinas]], [[Jean-Paul Sartre]], [[Albert Camus]], [[Maurice Merleau-Ponty]], [[Roman Ingarden]], [[Dietrich von Hildebrand]], [[Hannah Arendt]], [[Alfred Schütz]], [[Paul Ricœur]], [[Kurt Gödel]], [[John Paul II]], [[Rudolf Carnap]], [[Jacques Derrida]], [[Leszek Kołakowski]], [[José Ortega y Gasset]], [[Milan Kundera]], [[Eugen Fink]], [[Alexandre Koyré]], [[Millán-Puelles]], [[Hans Blumenberg]], [[Bernard Stiegler]], [[Ludwig Landgrebe]], [[Marvin Farber]], [[Jan Patočka]], [[Jean-Luc Marion]] [[Olavo de Carvalho]], [[Dallas Willard]], [[Jan Patočka]], [[Francisco Varela]], [[Theodor Adorno]], [[Ludwig von Mises]].

| notable_ideas = [[Epoché]], Natural Standpoint, [[Noema]], [[Noesis]], [[Eidetic Reduction]], [[Retention and protention]], [[Phenomenology (philosophy)|Phenomenology]]

In these first works he tries to combine mathematics, psychology and philosophy with a main goal to provide a sound foundation for mathematics. He analyzes the psychological process needed to obtain the concept of number and then tries to build up a systematical theory on this analysis. To achieve this he uses several methods and concepts taken from his teachers. From Weierstrass he derives the idea that we generate the concept of number by counting a certain collection of objects. From Brentano and Stumpf he takes over the distinction between ''proper'' and ''improper'' presenting. In an example Husserl explains this in the following way: if you are standing in front of a house, you have a proper, direct presentation of that house, but if you are looking for it and ask for directions, then these directions (e.g. the house on the corner of this and that street) are an indirect, improper presentation. In other words, you can have a proper presentation of an object if it is actually present, and an improper (or symbolic as he also calls it) if you only can indicate that object through signs, symbols, etc. Husserl's 1901 ''[[Edmund Husserl/Logical Investigations|Logical Investigations]]'' is considered the starting point for the formal theory of wholes and their parts known as [[mereology]] <ref>{{citation| first=Peter | last=Simons | author-link=Peter Simons (professor) | title=Parts: A Study in Ontology | publisher=Oxford University Press }}</ref>.

[[Max Scheler]] met Husserl in Halle and found in his phenomenology a methodological breakthrough for his own philosophical endeavors. Even though Scheler later criticised Husserl's idealistic logical approach and proposed instead a "phenomenology of love", he states that he remained "deeply indebted" to Husserl throughout his work. Husserl also had some influence on Pope [[John-Paul II]], which appears strongly in a work by the latter, ''The Acting Person'', or ''Person and Act''. It was originally published in polish in 1969 under his pre-papal name Karol Wojtyla and combined phenomenological work with [[Thomas Aquinas|Thomistic]] Ethics.<ref>{{citation | last=Wojtyla | first=Karol | author-link=Pope John Paul II | title=The Acting Person: A Contribution to Phenomenological Anthropology | publisher=Springer | year=2002 | isbn=90-277-0985-8 }}</ref>

{{quote|Marvin Farber led me through my first careful reading of the Critique of Pure Reason and introduced me to Husserl. His combination of utter respect for the structure of Husserl's thought with the equally firm conviction that this structure could be given a naturalistic interpretation was undoubtedly a key influence on my own subsequent philosophical strategy.<ref>{{citation | last=Sellars | first=Wilfrid | author-link=Wilfrid Sellars | contribution=Autobiographical Reflections | contribution-url=http://www.ditext.com/sellars/ar.html | editor=Hector-Neri Castañeda | title=Action, Knowledge, and Reality: Critical Studies in Honor of Wilfrid Sellars | publication-date=1975 | place=Indianapolis | publisher=The Bobbs-Merrill Company }}</ref>}}

Husserl's formal analysis of language also inspired [[Stanisław Leśniewski]] and [[Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz]] in the development of [[categorial grammar]].<ref> Cf. {{citation | last=Smith | first=Barry | author-link=Barry Smith (ontologist) | title=On the Origins of Analytic Philosophy | journal=Grazer Philosophische Studien | volume=34 | year=1989 | pages=153–173 | url=http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/articles/dummett.pdf }}</ref> -->

| publisher = [[University of Chicago Press]]