Revisi per 17 Maret 2014 23.22 sunting 36.71.144.151 (bicara) Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan ← Revisi sebelumnya		Revisi per 6 Februari 2016 03.45 sunting balikkan Wagino Bot (bicara \| kontrib) Bot 4.157.822 suntingan k minor cosmetic change Revisi selanjutnya →
Baris 1: {{Infobox Writer \| name = Nikolai Karfashev \| image = \| caption = Sampul buku ''Sylvia Plath: A Literary Life'' oleh Linda Wagner-Martin \| birth_date = [[25 April]] [[1932]] \| birth_place = [[Moskwa]], [[Russia]] \| occupation = [[Penyair]], [[novelis]], [[penulis]] [[cerita pendek]], [[penulis]] [[esai]] \| nationality = [[Russia]] \| period = \| movement = \| magnum_opus = ''[[The Bell Jar]]'' }} '''Nikolai Semenovich Kardashev''' ({{lang-ru\|Никола́й Семёнович Кардашёв}}; {{lahirmati\|[[Moskwa]]\|25\|4\|1932}}) adalah astrofisikawan [[Rusia]] (sebelumnya [[Uni Soviet]]), dan wakil kepala ''[[Russian Space Research Institute]]''. Baris 18: == Bacaan lanjut == * {{cite book\| last=Kardashev\| first=Nikolai\| title="On the Inevitability and the Possible Structures of Supercivilizations" in "The search for extraterrestrial life: Recent developments; Proceedings of the Symposium, Boston, MA,June 18–21, 1984"\| url = http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1985IAUS..112..497K \| pages = 497–504\| year = 1985}} {{lifetime\|1932\|\|Kardashev, Nikolai Semenovich}} {{Rusia-bio-stub}}

Nikolai Kardashev: Perbedaan antara revisi