Actinopterygii: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Rachmat-bot (bicara | kontrib)
k Robot: Perubahan kosmetika
Baris 17:
'''Actinopterygii''' (bentuk jamaknya dari ''Actinopterygius'') merupakan [[Kelas (biologi)|kelas]] dalam [[taksonomi]] dari '''ikan bersirip kipas'''.
 
Actinopterygii mencakup banyak [[ikan]] yang dikenal awam sebagai ikan konsumsi maupun ikan hias/peliharaan. Secara evolusi, kelompok ini merupakan pengembangan lebih lanjut yang paling adaptif pada keadaan bumi pada masa kini. Sebagian besar jenis-jenis ikan yang hidup pada masa sekarang merupakan anggota kelompok ini.
 
== Klasifikasi ==
 
Daftar di bawah mengikuti [[Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes]] <ref>{{cite web | author = Betancur-R | title = Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes --Version 3 | url = http://www.deepfin.org/Classification_v3.htm |date=2014}}</ref> dengan catatan jika ini berbeda dari Nelson,<ref>{{cite book| last = Nelson| first = Joseph, S.| title = Fishes of the World| year = 2006| publisher = John Wiley & Sons, Inc| isbn = 0-471-25031-7 }}</ref> [[ITIS]] <ref>{{ITIS |id=161061 |taxon=Actinopterygii |accessdate=3 April 2006}}</ref> dan [[FishBase]].<ref>{{cite web | author = R. Froese and D. Pauly, editors | title = FishBase | url = http://www.fishbase.org |date=February 2006}}</ref>
 
* '''Subclass [[Cladistii]]''' Pander 1860
Baris 32:
** Order †[[Rhadinichthyiformes]]
** Order †[[Phanerorhynchiformes]]
** Order †[[Luganoiiformes]] Lehman 1958
** Order †[[Haplolepidiformes]]
** Order †[[Ptycholepiformes]]
Baris 47:
*** '''[[Holostei]]'''
**** Order †[[Parasemionotiformes]] Lehman 1966
**** Order †[[Ionoscopiformes]] Grande & Bemis 1998
**** Order †[[Pycnodontiformes]] Berg 1937
**** Order †[[Semionotiformes]] Arambourg & Bertin 1958
**** Order [[Lepisosteiformes]] ([[gar]]s)
**** Order [[Amiiformes]] ([[bowfin]]s)
*** '''[[Teleostei]]''' Müller 1844
**** [[Aspidorhynchiformes]]
**** [[Pholidophoriformes]]
Baris 58:
**** '''[[Teleocephala]]'''
***** '''Megacohort [[Elopocephalai]]''' Patterson 1977 sensu Arratia 1999 ([[Elopomorpha]] Greenwood et al. 1966)
****** Order [[Elopiformes]] ([[ladyfish]]es and [[tarpon]])
****** Order [[Albuliformes]] (bonefishes)
****** Order [[Notacanthiformes]] ([[halosaurs]] and [[spiny eel]]s)
****** Order [[Anguilliformes]] Regan 190 (true [[eel]]s)
***** '''Megacohort [[Osteoglossocephalai]]''' sensu Arratia 1999
Baris 66:
******* Order †[[Ichthyodectiformes]] Bardeck & Sprinkle 1969
******* Order †[[Lycopteriformes]]
******* Order [[Osteoglossiformes]] (bony-tongued fishes)
******* Order [[Hiodontiformes]] ([[mooneye]] and [[goldeye]])
****** '''Supercohort [[Clupeocephala]]''' Patterson & Rosen 1977 sensu Arratia 2010
******* Order †[[Crossognathiformes]] Taverne 1989
******* Order †[[Tselfatiiformes]] Nelson 1994
******* '''Cohort [[Otomorpha]]''' ([[Otocephala]]; [[Ostarioclupeomorpha]])
******** '''Subcohort [[Clupei]]''' ([[Clupeomorpha]])
********* Order †[[Ellimmyichthyiformes]] Grande 1982
********* Order [[Clupeiformes]] ([[herring]]s and [[anchovy|anchovies]])
******** '''Subcohort [[Alepocephali]]'''
********* Order [[Alepocephaliformes]]
******** '''Subcohort [[Ostariophysi]]''' Sagemehl 1885
Baris 83:
********** Order [[Cypriniformes]] ([[Barb (fish)|barbs]], [[carp]], [[danios]], [[goldfish]]es, [[Loach (fish)|loaches]], [[minnow]]s, [[rasbora]]s)
********** Order [[Characiformes]] ([[characin]]s, [[pencilfish]]es, [[Freshwater hatchetfish|hatchetfishes]], [[piranha]]s, [[tetra]]s, [[Golden dorado|dourado / golden (genus ''Salminus'')]] and [[Piaractus mesopotamicus|pacu]])
********** Order [[Gymnotiformes]] ([[electric eel]]s and [[knifefish (disambiguation)|knifefishknifefishes]]es)
********** Order [[Siluriformes]] ([[catfish]]es)
******* '''Cohort [[Euteleosteomorpha]]''' ([[Euteleostei]] Greenwood 1967 sensu Johnson & Patterson 1996])
Baris 91:
********* Order [[Argentiniformes]] ([[barreleye]]s and [[slickhead]]s) (formerly in Osmeriformes)
********* Order [[Galaxiiformes]]
********* Order [[Salmoniformes]] ([[salmon]] and [[trout]])
********* Order [[Esociformes]] ([[esox|pike]])
******** '''Subcohort [[Stomiati]]'''
********* Order [[Osmeriformes]] ([[Smelt (fish)|smeltsmelts]]s)
********* Order [[Stomiatiformes]] ([[bristlemouth]]s and [[marine hatchetfish]]es)
******** '''Subcohort [[Neoteleostei]]''' Nelson 1969
Baris 109:
************* Order [[Lampriformes]] ([[oarfish]], [[opah]] and [[ribbonfishes]])
************ '''Division [[Paracanthomorphacea]]''' sensu Grande et al. 2013 ([[Paracanthopterygii]] Greenwood 1937)
************* Order [[Percopsiformes]] ([[Amblyopsidae|cavefishcavefishes]]es and [[trout-perch]]es)
************* Order †[[Sphenocephaliformes]]
************* Order [[Zeiiformes]] ([[dory (fish)|dories]])
Baris 121:
************* '''Subdivision [[Berycimorphaceae]]'''
************** Order [[Beryciformes]] ([[fangtooth]]s and [[pineconefish]]es)
************* '''Subdivision [[Holocentrimorphaceae ]] ''' ([[Stephanoberyciformes]]; [[Cetomimiformes]])
************** Order [[Holocentriformes]]
************* '''Subdivision [[Percomorphaceae]]''' ([[Percomorpha]] sensu Miya et al. 2003; [[Acanthopteri]])
Baris 132:
*************** Order [[Gobiiformes]]
************** '''Series [[Scombrimopharia]]'''
*************** Order [[Syngnathiformes]] ([[Seahorse (fish)|seahorseseahorses]]s and [[pipefish]]es<ref>In Nelson and ITIS, [[Syngnathiformes]] is placed as the suborder Syngnathoidei of the order [[Gasterosteiformes]].</ref>)
*************** Order [[Scombriformes]]
************** '''Series [[Carangimopharia]]'''
Baris 165:
*************** Order [[Pempheriformes]]
*************** Order [[Centrarchiformes]]
*************** Order [[Perciformes]] (40% of all fish, including [[anabantid]]s, [[Centrarchidae|centrarchidcentrarchids]]s (including [[bass (fish)|bass]] and sunfish), [[cichlid]]s, [[gobies]], [[gourami]]s, [[mackerel]], [[tuna]], [[perch]]es, [[Scatophagidae|scats]], [[whiting (fish)|whiting]], [[wrasses]], [[betta]]s) (incl. [[Gasterosteiformes]]; [[Scorpaeniformes]])
 
==Catatan==<!-- AnimalBiology58:23. MolecularPhylogeneticsAndEvolution46:224. -->
{{reflist}}
 
== Pranala luar ==
{{wikispecies|Actinopterygii}}
{{Commons category|Actinopterygii}}