Bantuan kemanusiaan untuk korban gempa bumi Samudra Hindia 2004: Perbedaan antara revisi

# Angka-angka ini tidak mencakup biaya operasi sumber-sumber militer yang dikerahkan untuk memberikan bantuan, dan tidak jelas bagaimana hal itu mestinya dihitung dengan angka. Sementara sebagian orang akan berkata bahwa sumber-sumber militer sudah dibayar dan bahwa upaya bantuan itu dapat dianggap sebagai latihan pengerahan logistik, biaya operasional yang meningkat tidaklah termasuk dalam biaya yang dianggarkan. Yang lain akan berkata bahwa sumber-sumber militer hanya memberikan infrastruktur yang akan mengerahkan bantuan pada waktunya untuk menyelamatkan nyawa di tempat-tempat yang paling parah terkena dampaknya dan yang paling membutuhkan. Tanpa infrastruktur yang segera dikerahkan ini sumbangan-sumbangan lainnya, betapapun besarnya, akan sia-sia atau terlambat tiba.

# Angka-angka ini tidak mengatakan apa-apa tentang tingkat bagaimana uang itu akan digunakan. Berapa banyak dari uang itu akan digunakan tahun ini dan berapa banyak yang disimpan untuk upaya-upaya rekonstruksi jangka panjang tidak tampak dalam tabel ini.

# "Bantuan" ("''Aid''") adalah sebuah istilah yang ambigu dan mencakup banyak ragam metode, seperti "pinjaman lunak" dan "bantuan bersyarat" ("''tied aid''"), yaitu ketika dana yang diberikan harus digunakan untuk membayar barang dan jasa dari negara donor. Kondisi yang harus dipenuhi dalam penerimaan bantuan memainkan peranan penting dalam menentukan seberapa bergunanya bantuan tersebut.

# Bantuan di sini hanya untuk satu bencana ini saja. Tanpa mengetahui besarnya bantuan yang diberikan oleh masing-masing negara dan masyarakatnya bagi bencana-bencana lain, kita tidak dapat mengambil kesimpulan atas tingkat kedermawanan mereka secara keseluruhan.

|| Pemerintah Singapura pada awalnya menjanjikan 5 juta [[dolar Singapura]] bantuan kemanusiaan, termasuk uang kontan senilai 1 juta dolar Singapura yang diberikan ke [http://www.redcross.org.sg/ Singapore Red Cross Society] (SRCS). Pada 8 Januari 2005, SRCS telah mengumpulkan lebih dari 27 juta dolar Singapura. Di sebuah konferensi tingkat tinggi bencana darurat di Jakarta, pemerintah Singapura menjanjikan dana tambahan senilai 10 juta dolar Singapura untuk menolong korban bencana tsunami. Sebuah perusahaan penanaman modal yang berhubungan dengan pemerintah, Temasek Holdings, menyediakan 10 juta dolar AS untuk bantuan kemanusiaan. Pemerintah juga menawarkan penggunaan pangklan angkatan udara dan angkatan lautnya sebagai tempat persiapan bagi PBB serta badan pemberi bantuan yang lain maupun negara lainnya, seperti AS, Australia, Perancis, dan Jepang. PBB menerima tawaran Singapura untuk mendirikan sebuah Pusat Koordinasi Kawasan PBB untuk mengkoordinasi usaha memberi bantuan ke wilayah yang tertimpa bencana [http://www.channelnewsasia.com/killerwaves/sgaid_050103un.htm].

 

 

Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) mengirim tiga dok transpor amfibi - RSS ''Endurance'', RSS ''Persistance'', dan RSS ''Endeavour'' – ke pantai Meulaboh, salah satu wilayah yang menderita kerusakan terparah dimana semua jalan terusan terputus. Selain membawa tim medis dan teknisi serta para sukarelawan dengan LSM, ketiganya juga membawa suplai medis dan peralatan berat untuk menolong membersihkan jalan dan puing-puing. SAF juga mengirim 6 helikopter Chinook dan 2 helikopter Puma ke Aceh, 2 helikopter Chinook dan 2 helikopter Super Puma ke Phuket, Thailand. C130 juga digunakan untuk menghantarkan suplai bantuan ke berbagai wilayah yang dilanda tsunami [http://app.mfa.gov.sg/Internet/press/view_press.asp?post_id=1221].

* The Canadian government will also match private donations received by [[11 January]] [[2005]]; according to CIDA, this represents an additional CAD 200M [http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/tsunami-e].

** The Canadian federal government has also announced a debt moratorium for the countries most severely affected by the tsunami [http://web.archive.org/web/20050102043944/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20041230.wdebt30/BNStory/Front]. Also, Canada has announced it will send its [[Disaster Assistance Response Team|DART]] (Disaster Assistance Response Team) to [[Ampara]] in [[Sri Lanka]] [http://web.archive.org/web/20061016190122/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2005/01/02/martin-meeting050102.html].

* '''Provincial Governments:''' In addition to the federal funds, the provincial government of [[British Columbia]] has given CAD 8m (USD 6.6m) to the Canadian Red Cross, the provincial governments of [[Ontario]] and [[Alberta]] have each pledged CAD 5m (USD 4.1m), the provincial governments of [[Quebec]], [[Manitoba]], [[New Brunswick]], [[Newfoundland and Labrador]], and [[Nova Scotia]] have each given CAD 100,000 (USD 82,000), and the provincial governments of the [[Northwest Territories]] and [[Prince Edward Island]] have pledged CAD 25,000 and 20,000 respectively.

* '''Private Sector:''' Measuring the extent of individual and corporate philanthropy is more difficult, although the government estimates that donations to tsunami victims have reached more than CAD 230M, with 200M of this available for matching. The federal government created incentives for private donations: it announced that it would match donations dollar-for-dollar and decided to bend the rules by allowing tsunami-related donations made before [[11 January]] [[2005]] to be claimed on 2004 income-tax returns.

** On [[7 January]] CBC announced plans for a tsunami benefit concert on [[13 January]]. Performers included Tom Cochrane, Blue Rodeo, [[Bryan Adams]], [[Anne Murray]], [[Rush (band)|Rush]], [[Molly Johnson]], [[Oscar Peterson]], [[Jann Arden]], [[Barenaked Ladies]], [[Bruce Cockburn]] and, in a special segment direct from her Las Vegas stage venue, [[Céline Dion]]. In addition, non-musical celebrities will range from author [[Margaret Atwood]] to sports commentator [[Don Cherry (hockey)|Don Cherry]] to Bubbles of the Trailer Park Boys. [[Ron MacLean]] and [[Rick Mercer]] will serve as co-hosts. [http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/cpress/tv_tsunami_concerts]

||

* '''Federal Government:''' The United States government has allocated [[Dolar Amerika Serikat|USD]] 400,000 (GBP 200,000, EUR 300,000) to India, Indonesia, the Maldives and Sri Lanka. Officials are currently working on a USD 4m (GBP 2m) aid package to help the Red Cross. Also, the United States has dispatched disaster teams to aid the nations affected. The United States is also preparing an initial USD 15 million (GBP 8m) aid package for affected nations. An additional USD 20m (GBP 11m) has been offered as an emergency line of credit. On [[31 December]] the aid was raised to USD 350m (GBP 190m, EUR 260m).

* '''Military:''' The United States has dispatched numerous [[C-5 Galaxy]] and [[C-17 Globemaster III]] [[strategic airlift]]ers and ten [[C-130 Hercules]] [[tactical airlift]]ers containing disaster supplies, nine [[P-3 Orion|P-3C Orion]] [[maritime patrol]] aircraft for [[search and rescue]] support, and several teams from the Departments of [[United States Department of State|State]] and [[United States Department of Defense|Defense]] to coordinate additional assistance. They are using Utapao Naval Air Base in Thailand as their regional hub.

** Additionally, the United States has offered assistance from its troops stationed in Japan. [[USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72)|USS ''Abraham Lincoln'']] [[Carrier battle group|aircraft carrier battle group]], which was in port in [[Hong Kong]], was dispatched to the coast of Sumatra to provide support to the Indonesian province of Aceh. In addition, a [[amphibious battlegroup]] led by [[USS Bonhomme Richard (LHD-6)|USS ''Bonhomme Richard'']], scheduled for a port call in [[Guam]], were dispatched to render assistance.

** A total of 48 Navy and Marine Corps helicopters are involved. Each ship can produce around 90,000 US [[gallon]]s of fresh water per day. The [[United States Navy|US Navy]] has also deployed the [[USNS Mercy (T-AH-19)|USNS ''Mercy'']], a 1,000-bed [[hospital ship]] (to be initially staffed to support 250 patient beds) [http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=16523]. More than 12,600 Department of Defense personnel are involved in the relief effort, [[Operation Unified Assistance]] [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4145259.stm].

* '''Private Sector:''' As of [[10 January]] [[2005]] US based relief groups and non-governmental organisations reported having raised over USD 515m. One charity said online pledges were arriving at a rate of USD 100,000 an hour. Notable donors include American corporations; among them the [[Coca-Cola Company]] (USD 10m), [[Dow Chemical]] Company (USD 5m), [[The New York Stock Exchange]] Foundation (USD 1m), [[Microsoft Corporation]] (USD 3m), and [[Dell, Inc.|Dell]] (USD 3m initial, up to USD 5m through employee fundraising).

** Pharmaceutical companies such as [[Pfizer]], [[Johnson & Johnson]] and [[Bristol-Myers Squibb]] have provided medical supplies and drugs in addition to monetary assistance. [[Hollywood]] celebrities have also donated, including [[Steven Spielberg]] (USD 1.5m) and [[Sandra Bullock]] (USD 1m). Private citizens, communities and schools have also begun fundraising efforts and have contributed.

== Perusahaan ==

 

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| [[Pfizer Inc.|Pfizer]] || 35 juta dolar Amerika (10 juta uang tunai; 25 juta dalam bentuk obat-obatan) [http://www.pfizer.com/are/news_releases/2004pr/mn_2004_1229.html]

| [[Cisco Systems]] || 2,5 juta dolar Amerika [http://newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/2004/corp_122904.html?CMP=ILC-001]

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| [[Daimler Chrysler]] || 2 juta dolar Amerika [http://www.daimlerchrysler.com/dccom/0,,0-5-7151-1-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-9-0-20050104-0-0-0-0-0-0,00.html#446992]

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| [[Tetra Laval SA|Tetra Laval Group]] || 1,5 juta dolar Amerika (termasuk makanan cair)[http://www.tetralaval.com/content/press.asp?navid=4&ref=22]

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| [[Deutsche Telekom]] || 1 juta Euro [http://www.telekom3.de/en-p/medi/3-ne/2004/12-d/041229-quake-ar.html]

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| [[Infosys]] || 50 juta Rupee(1,1 juta dolar Amerika)[http://www.infosys.com/home/tsunami_tragedy.asp]

| [[Boeing]] || 1 juta dolar Amerika [http://www.boeing.com/news/releases/2004/q4/news_041230.html]

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| [[IBM]] || 1 juta dolar Amerika [http://www.ibm.com/news/us/en/2005/01/tsunami.html]

| [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] || 1 juta dolar Amerika [http://www.nike.com/nikebiz/news/pressrelease.jhtml?year=2004&month=12&letter=j]

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| [[Merrill Lynch]] || 1 juta dolar Amerika [http://www.ml.com/?id=7695_7696_42133_42135_45194_45993]

| [[The Walt Disney Company]] || 1 juta dolar Amerika [http://www.mickeynews.com/News/DisplayPressRelease.asp_Q_id_E_12314Relief]

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| [[First Data|First Data Corp.]] (Parent company of [[Western Union]] Money Transfer)|| 1 juta dolar Amerika [http://news.firstdata.com/media/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=151449]

| [[ING]] || 1 juta dolar Amerika [http://www.ing.com/ing/contentm.nsf/content/8B4AE72F03D529F0C1256F7A0053E7C9!OpenDocument&sc=news&lan=en]

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| [[Dhiraagu]] (The Maldives' national telecommunications company) || 1 juta dolar Amerika [http://www.dhiraagu.com.mv/newsdesk/index.php?newsid=393]

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| [[Texas Instruments]] || USD 500,000 [http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/press/company/2004/c04059.shtml]