Sistem koordinat polar: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Sistem koordinat polar''' ('''sistem koordinat kutub''') dalam [[matematika]] adakag suatu [[sistem koordinat]] [[dimensi|2-dimensi]] di mana setiap [[titik (geometri)|titik]] pada [[bidang (geometri)|bidang]] ditentukan dengan [[jarak]] dari suatu titik yang telah ditetapkan dan suatu [[sudut]] dari suatu arah yang telah ditetapkan.

 

 

==Sejarah ==

 

Dari abad ke-8 M dan seterusnya, para astronom mengembangkan metode untuk menghitung arah ke [[Mekkah]] ([[kiblat]])— dan jaraknya — dari semua lokasi di bumi.<ref>{{Cite book

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</ref> <!--From the 9th century onward they were using [[spherical trigonometry]] and [[map projection]] methods to determine these quantities accurately. The calculation is essentially the conversion of the [[Geodetic coordinates#Coordinates|equatorial polar coordinates]] of Mecca (i.e. its [[longitude]] and [[latitude]]) to its polar coordinates (i.e. its qibla and distance) relative to a system whose reference meridian is the great circle through the given location and the Earth's poles, and whose polar axis is the line through the location and its [[antipodal point]].<ref>King ([[#CITEREFKing2005|2005]], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=AMOQZfrZq-EC&pg=PA169#v=onepage&f=false p. 169]). The calculations were as accurate as could be achieved under the limitations imposed by their assumption that the Earth was a perfect sphere.</ref>

 

Koordinat radial sering dilambangkan dengan ''r'', dan koordinat angular dilambangkan dengan [[phi|''φ'']], [[theta|''θ'']], atau ''t''. Koordinat angular ditetapkan sebagai ''φ'' oleh standar [[International Organisation for Standardisation|ISO]] [[ISO 31-11|31-11]].

 

 

Dalam banyak konteks, suatu koordinat angular positif berarti sudut ''φ'' diukur [[berlawanan dengan jarum jam]] dari aksis.