BTR-60: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Wagino Bot (bicara | kontrib) k minor cosmetic change |
Wagino Bot (bicara | kontrib) k minor cosmetic change |
||
Baris 145:
An order to enter the BTR-60P into Soviet Army service was issued on 13 December 1959. However, production didn't start until 1960.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/> The first BTR-60P''s'' were delivered in 1960. It first entered service with the [[Soviet Army]] and later the Soviet naval infantry. The BTR-60 entered service with the Soviet military at the time when the USSR was arming on a mass scale.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/> In the early 1960s, it replaced the BTR-152 in the role of the basic APC. The BTR-60P was first seen by the West in 1961. The BTR-60PA entered service with the Soviet Army in 1963, the BTR-60PA-1 and BTR-60PAI entered service in 1965, the BTR-60PB in 1966, the BTR-60PZ in 1972 and theBTR-60PBK in 1975. As newer models of the BTR-60 appeared, the older ones were gradually withdrawn from front-line service. A number of old BTR-60P''s'' were converted into repair vehicles.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>
The first use of Soviet BTR-60''s'' during a conflict happened during the Warsaw Pact [[1968 Invasion of Czechoslovakia]]. However, actual combat was scarce.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 4">Czołgi Świata, Issue 41, pp 11, 12</ref><ref name="Otechestvennye koljosnye bronetransportjory BTR-60, BTR-70, BTR-80 p. 30">{{cite book
In the 1980s, most of the BTR-60''s'' in the Soviet army had been replaced by the BTR-70 and BTR-80; however, a large number was still operated by second-line and border troops. According to the data provided by the USSR during the signing of the [[CFE Treaty]] in 1990, there were 4,191 BTR-60''s'' in service with the units stationed in the European part of the Soviet Union.<ref name="Otechestvennye koljosnye bronetransportjory BTR-60, BTR-70, BTR-80 p. 27">{{cite book
====Sino-Soviet border conflict====
The first real combat use of the BTR-60 took place during the [[Sino-Soviet border conflict]] on [[Zhenbao Island]] (Damansky Island at the time) in March 1969. The frontier units operating on the island were equipped with BTR-60PB''s'', while the 57th border detachment group was equipped with BTR-50P''s'' and BTR-50PK''s''. The BTR-60 proved to be a good vehicle, although it sustained high losses due to the large number of RPGs used by the Chinese and mistakes made by the commanders of the APCs, which originated from the low amount of experience in combat use of the new vehicles.<ref name="Otechestvennye koljosnye bronetransportjory BTR-60, BTR-70, BTR-80 p. 32">{{cite book
The high losses due to RPG hits wasn't unexpected, as the BTR-60's armour was designed to protect the vehicle from small arms fire and shrapnel, and not specialized anti-tank weapons. The most effective tactic found for using BTR-60PB''s'' was in covering the dismounted infantry.<ref name="Otechestvennye koljosnye bronetransportjory BTR-60, BTR-70, BTR-80 p. 32"/> This is a job more suited for infantry fighting vehicles than armoured personnel carriers, whose main role is transporting infantry to the battlefield and providing them with armour protection during that time - however, it must be noted that the [[BMP-1]], the world's first infantry fighting vehicle, started production in 1966 and therefore Soviet Army had very small numbers of those vehicles available at the time of Sino-Soviet border conflict. During the fights in March, the Chinese managed to capture four BTR-60PB''s'' and one T-62 MBT.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 4"/>
BTR-60PB''s'' were used again during the border conflict east of [[Lake Zhalanashkol]] in [[Kazahstan]] ([[Kazakh SSR]] at the time) in August 1969. During the fighting, the armour of BTR-60PB proved inadequate.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 4"/><ref name="Otechestvennye koljosnye bronetransportjory BTR-60, BTR-70, BTR-80 p. 34">{{cite book
[[File:Weapons BTR-60.jpg|thumb|right|A rusting BTR-60PB abandoned in the center of a village in Afghanistan's Oruzgan province.]]
Baris 164:
====Soviet Union successor states====
In 1991, the BTR-60''s'' of the Soviet Army was passed on to the armies of the successor states and thus used in many regional conflicts. 27 BTR-60PBs<ref name="Czołgi Świata 5"/> that were inherited by Moldavia were used by its army during the [[War of Transnistria]]. A number of BTR-60''s'' were used by the Georgian army during the 1992–1993 [[War in Abkhazia (1992–93)|War in Abkhazia]].<ref name="VM2 49">{{cite book
As of 2007, several hundred BTR-60''s'' remain in service with USSR successor states; these are in a process of being replaced by more modern vehicles.<ref>Military Balance 2007</ref>
| |||