Sistem koordinat polar: Perbedaan antara revisi

 

Dari abad ke-8 M dan seterusnya, para astronom mengembangkan metode untuk menghitung arah ke [[Mekkah]] ([[kiblat]])— dan jaraknya — dari semua lokasi di bumi.<ref>{{Cite book

</ref> <!--From the 9th century onward they were using [[spherical trigonometry]] and [[map projection]] methods to determine these quantities accurately. The calculation is essentially the conversion of the [[Geodetic coordinates#Coordinates|equatorial polar coordinates]] of Mecca (i.e. its [[longitude]] and [[latitude]]) to its polar coordinates (i.e. its qibla and distance) relative to a system whose reference meridian is the great circle through the given location and the Earth's poles, and whose polar axis is the line through the location and its [[antipodal point]].<ref>King ([[#CITEREFKing2005|2005]], [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=AMOQZfrZq-EC&pg=PA169#v=onepage&f=false p. 169]). The calculations were as accurate as could be achieved under the limitations imposed by their assumption that the Earth was a perfect sphere.</ref>

 

;General

*{{Cite book|last=Adams|first=Robert|author2=Christopher Essex|title=Calculus: a complete course|edition=Eighth|year=2013|publisher=Pearson Canada Inc.|isbn=978-0-321-78107-9}}

;Specific

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