Dinosaurus: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Berbagai karakteristik kerangka lainnya juga dimiliki oleh dinosaurus. Namun, karena karakteristik tersebut hanya dimiliki oleh kelompok archosaurus atau tidak terdapat pada semua spesies awal dinosaurus, karakteristik tersebut tidak dianggap sebagai sinapomorfi. Misalnya, sebagai anggota [[diapsida]] reptil, keturunan dinosaurus memiliki dua pasang [[fenestra sementara]] (pada tengkorak di belakang mata), sedangkan sebagai anggota diapsida archosauria, dinosaurus memiliki fenestra tambahan pada [[fenestra antorbital|moncong]] dan rahang bawah.<ref name=TRHJ00/> Selain itu, beberapa karakteristik yang sebelumnya dianggap sebagai sinapomorfi diketahui telah muncul sebelum keberadaan dinosaurus, atau tidak terdapat pada dinosaurus awal dan baru berevolusi pada kelompok dinosaurus yang berbeda. Ini termasuk [[skapula]] yang memanjang, atau [[tulang belikat]]; [[sacrum]] yang terdiri dari tiga ruas atau lebih yang menyatu dengan [[tulang punggung]] (tiga pada archosaurus, namun hanya dua pada ''[[Herrerasaurus]]'');<ref name=MJB04dino/> dan sebuah [[Acetabulum|acetabulum berongga]], atau sendi panggul, dengan sebuah lubang di tengah permukaan bagian dalamnya (menutup pada ''[[Saturnalia (dinosaurus)|Saturnalia]]'').<ref name="UC Berkeley Journal of Earth Sciences">{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Dave|title=Dinosauria Morphology|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/diapsids/dinomm.html|publisher=UC Berkeley|accessdate=21 January 2013}}</ref><ref name=LARB99/> Kesulitan lainnya untuk menentukan karakteristik Dinosaurian terletak pada fakta bahwa kelompok dinosaurus awal dan archosaurus lainnya yang berasal dari periode Triassic Akhir kurang diketahui dan serupa dalam banyak hal, sehingga hewan-hewan ini terkadang salah diidentifikasi dalam berbagai literatur.<ref name=NIP07/>
 
Dinosaurus berdiri tegak seperti sebagian besar [[Evolusi mamalia|mamalia modern]], namun berbeda dari kebanyakan [[reptil]], yang bergerak melata atau merayap.<ref name=Holland1909>This was recognized not later than 1909: {{cite web |title=Dr. Holland and the Sprawling Sauropods |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110612180650/http://www.hmnh.org/library/diplodocus/holland1910.html}} The arguments and many of the images are also presented in {{cite book |title=Hot Blooded Dinosaurs |first=A. |last=Desmond |authorlink=Desmond |publisher=DoubleDay |year=1976 |isbn=0-385-27063-1}}</ref> Hal ini disebabkan oleh berkembangnya reses lateral di bagian panggul (biasanya berupa sendi terbuka) yang terhubung ke tulang paha.<ref name=MJB00/> Postur tegak ini memungkinkan dinosaurus purba untuk bernapas dengan mudah sambil bergerak, yang tingkat stamina dan aktivitasnya jauh lebih besar jika dibandingkan dengan reptil melata lainnya.<ref name=RC05/> Tungkai tegak ini kemungkinan juga membantu mendukung [[evolusi]] dinosaurus yang berukuran besar dengan mengurangi kelenturan pada anggota badan.<ref name=TKMB07/> Beberapa achosaurus non-dinosaurus, termasuk [[rauisuchia]], juga bertungkai tegak, namun tegaknya tidak sempurna (tegak semi atau tegak pilar); tulang panggul bagian atas diputar sehingga kaki depan menggantung.<ref name=TKMB07/>
 
== Sejarah evolusi ==
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== Pranala luar ==