Balapan ke bawah: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konsep "pertarungan ke bawah" muncul di Amerika Serikat pada akhir abad ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20. Saat itu terjadi persaingan akta antar negara bagian agar perusahaan luar mau mendirikan kantor pusat di wilayahnya. Sejumlah pengamat menggunakan istilah "pertarungan efisiensi", sedangkan pengamat lainnya seperti [[Louis Brandeis]] menggunakan istilah "pertarungan ke bawah".<ref name = "coined">{{cite book|last =Meisel|first =Nicolas|authorlink =|coauthors =|year =2004|title =Governance Culture and Development: A Different Perspective on Corporate Governance |publisher =Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|location =|isbn = 92-64-01727-5 }} p. 41</ref><ref name = "ind">{{cite book|last =Kelly|first =John E.|authorlink =|coauthors =|year =2002|title =Industrial Relations: critical perspectives on business and management |publisher =Routledge|location =UK|isbn = 0-415-22986-3 }}p. 192</ref><ref name = "sch">{{cite book|last =Schram|first =Sanford F.|authorlink =|coauthors =|year =2000|title =After Welfare: The Culture of Postindustrial Social Policy |publisher =NYU Press|location =|isbn = 0-8147-9755-5 }} p. 91</ref>