Stop Online Piracy Act: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[Komite Kehakiman Dewan Perwakilan Amerika Serikat]] telah mengadakan rapat dengar pendapat pada tanggal [[16 November]] [[2011]] dan [[15 Desember]] [[2011]]. Komite ini menjadwalkan debat lanjutan pada Januari 2012,<ref name="postpone">{{cite news |author=Hayley Tsukayama |title=SOPA online piracy bill markup postponed |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-tech/post/sopa-online-piracy-bill-markup-postponed/2011/12/20/gIQA6s7a7O_blog.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=December 20, 2011 }}</ref> tetapi pada tanggal 17 Januari, Lamar Seeligson Smith mengatakan bahwa "karena adanya penarikan dari pihak Republik dan Demokrat selama dua minggu ke depan, pembahasan Undang-Undang Penghentian Pembajakan Daring diharapkan dapat dilanjutkan pada bulan Februari."<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/01/17/us-usa-internet-piracy-house-idUSTRE80G29K20120117 "House to take up anti-piracy bill in February"] [[Reuters]] 17 January 2012</ref>

Pada [[20 Januari]] [[2012]], Lamar Smith menunda rencana untuk merancang undang-undang tersebut. Dia mengatakan "Komite tetap berkomitmen untuk menemukan solusi terhadap masalah pembajakan daring yang tetap akan melindungi kekayaan dan inovasi intelektual warga Amerika... Komite Kehakiman Dewan Perwakilan Amerika Serikat akan menunda pertimbangan atas undang-undang ini sampai ada kesepakatan yang lebih luas pada satu solusi."<ref name="NYT-20120120">{{cite news |last=Weisman |first=Jonathan |title=After an Online Firestorm, Congress Shelves Antipiracy Bills

|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/21/technology/senate-postpones-piracy-vote.html |date=January 20, 2012 |publisher=[[NYTimes]] |accessdate=January 20, 2012 }}</ref>

Laurence H. Tribe, seorang profesor hukum konstitusional di [[Universitas Harvard]], mengeluarkan sebuah surat terbuka di internet dan menyatakan bahwa SOPA akan “merusak keterbukaan dan pertukaran informasi secara bebas yang ada di dalam jantung dari Internet. Dan hal ini akan melanggar Amandemen Pertama (dalam [[Konstitusi Amerika Serikat]]).”<ref name="LHTribe" /><ref name="NYT-20120101">{{cite news |last=Carr |first=David |title=The Danger of an Attack on Piracy Online

|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/02/business/media/the-danger-of-an-attack-on-piracy-online.html |date=January 1, 2012 |work=New York Times |accessdate=January 10, 2012 }}</ref>

Pada tanggal 14 Januari 2012, pemerintahan Obama menanggapi sebuah petisi terhadap rancangan undang-undang tersebut, menyatakan bahwa mereka tidak akan mendukung perundang-undangan dengan ketentuan yang dapat menyebabkan penyensoran internet, pencegahan inovasi, atau keamanan Internet yang berkurang, tetapi mendorong agar "semua pihak untuk bekerja sama untuk meloloskan suara untuk peraturan tahun ini yang akan memberikan sebuah peralatan hukum legal yang baru kepada jaksa dan pemegang hak alat-alat untuk memerangi pembajakan daring yang berasal dari luar perbatasan Amerika Serikat, sementara tetap tunduk terhadap prinsip-prinsip yang telah dijelaskan di bagian atas tanggapan ini."<ref name="WH-Report-20120114">{{cite report |last1=Espinel |first1=Victoria |last2=Chopra |first2=Aneesh |last3=Schmidt |first3=Howard |title=Combating Online Piracy While Protecting an Open and Innovative Internet |url= https://wwws.whitehouse.gov/petitions#!/response/combating-online-piracy-while-protecting-open-and-innovative-internet |date=January 14, 2012 |publisher=[[White House]] |Accessdate=January 14, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="WH-Blog-20120114">{{cite web|last=Phillips |first=Mark |title=Obama Administration Responds to We the People Petitions on SOPA and Online Piracy |url= http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2012/01/14/obama-administration-responds-we-people-petitions-sopa-and-online-piracy |date=January 14, 2012 |publisher=[[White House Blog]] |accessdate=January 14, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20120114">{{cite news |last=Wyatt |first=Edward |title=White House Says It Opposes Parts of Two Antipiracy Bills |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/15/us/white-house-says-it-opposes-parts-of-2-antipiracy-bills.html |date=January 14, 2012 |publisher=[[NYTimes]] |accessdate=January 15, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="AP-20120114">{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Ken |title=White House concerned over online piracy bills |url=http://apnews.excite.com/article/20120114/D9S8SL501.html |date=January 14, 2012 |agency=Associated Press |accessdate=January 14, 2012 }}</ref>

Aksi protes dilakukan oleh ratusan situs web yang tergabung dalam aksi mogok,<ref>{{cite news |title = Web Goes On Strike! |date = |work = |url = http://www.sopastrike.com/ |accessdate = January 18, 2012 }}</ref> Pada [[16 November]] [[2011]], situs [[Tumblr]], [[Mozilla]], [[Techdirt]] mengikuti ''American Censorship Day'' dengan menampilkan panji hitam bertulisankan "''Stop censorship!''" ("Hentikan penyensoran!").

Pada [[18 Januari]] [[2012]] dilakukan pemadaman situs yang lebih besar. Dilaporkan situs Cheezburger,<ref>https://twitter.com/#%21/benhuh/status/157538541155516416</ref> Mojang,<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.gameranx.com/updates/id/4447/article/notch-joins-january-18-anti-sopa-protest/ |title=Notch Joins January 18 Anti-SOPA Protest |publisher=Gameranx.com |accessdate=January 14, 2012}}</ref> Major League Gaming,<ref>{{cite news |author=John Gaudiosi |url= http://www.forbes.com/sites/johngaudiosi/2012/01/13/major-league-gaming-joins-sopa-blackout-pulls-100-godaddy-com-domain-names/ |title=Major League Gaming Joins SOPA Blackout, Pulls 100 GoDaddy.com Domain Names |work=Forbes |date=January 13, 2012 |accessdate=January 14, 2012}}</ref> Boing Boing,<ref>{{cite web|last=Doctorow |first=Cory |url=http://boingboing.net/2012/01/14/boing-boing-will-go-dark-on-ja.html |title=Boing Boing will go dark on Jan 18 to fight SOPA |publisher=Boing Boing |date=September 30, 2010 |accessdate=January 15, 2012}}</ref> BoardGameGeek, XKCD,<ref>[http://xkcd.com/ xkcd.com]. Accessed: January 19, 2012. ([http://www.webcitation.org/64oLPjgFp Archived by WebCite®])</ref> SMBC.<ref>[http://www.smbc-comics.com/ www.smbc-comics.com]. Accessed:January 18, 2012. ([http://www.webcitation.org/64nC10TBh Archived by WebCite®])</ref>, dan The Oatmeal<ref>http://theoatmeal.com/sopa</ref> mengikuti pemadaman ini, bersamaan dengan situs web terkemuka lainnya seperti [[Google]], [[Facebook]], [[Twitter]], [[Yahoo]], [[Amazon]], [[AOL]], [[Reddit]], [[Mozilla]], [[LinkedIn]], [[IAC]], [[eBay]], [[PayPal]], [[Wordpress]] dan [[Wikimedia]].<ref name="unprecedented">{{cite news |last=Rachel Bennett and J. Sebe Dale IV |title=Internet giants consider blackout to protest SOPA |url= http://www.wtol.com/story/16464577/internet-giants-consider-blackout-in-opposition-of-anti-piracy-bills |accessdate=January 13, 2012 |newspaper=WTOL.com |date=January 9, 2012}}</ref>

[[Google]] juga melakukan aksi protes dengan cara menampilkan sebuah tautan di laman depannya dengan kalimat "''Tell Congress: Please don't censor the web!''" ("Katakan pada Kongres: Jangan menyensor web!").<ref>{{cite news |title = Google Plans Home Page Protest Against U.S. Piracy Measures |date = January 18, 2012 |work = |url = http://article-shared.blogspot.com/2012/01/against-refusal-sopa-and-pipa.html |accessdate = January 18, 2012 }}</ref>

Sebagai bentuk protes terhadap rancangan undang-undang ini dan juga [[PROTECT IP Act]], [[Wikipedia bahasa Inggris]] melakukan "pemadaman" situs pada tanggal [[18 Januari]] [[2012]] pukul 05.00 UTC selama 24 jam.<ref>{{cite news |title = Wikipedia to go dark in piracy protest |date = January 17, 2012 |work = [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-01-17/wiki-to-go-dark-in-piracy-protest/3778452 |accessdate = January 18, 2012 }}</ref>

Pada tanggal [[19 Januari]] [[2012]], Megaupload, sebuah situs web yang menyediakan layanan berbagi berkas, ditutup oleh [[Departemen Keadilan Amerika Serikat]] dan [[Biro Investigasi Federal|Biro Investigasi Federal (FBI)]].<ref name="MegauploadNYT">{{cite news |last = Sisario |first = Ben |date = January 20, 2012 |title = 7 Charged as F.B.I. Closes a Top File-Sharing Site |work = New York Times |url = http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/21/technology/megaupload-indictment-internet-piracy.html |accessdate = January 21, 2012 }}</ref> Hal ini mengakibatkan apa yang Anonymous katakan sebagai "serangan Internet tunggal terbesar dalam sejarah".<ref name="RTMegauploadDOS">{{cite web | date = January 20, 2012 | title = Internet strikes back: Anonymous' Operation Megaupload explained | work = [[RT (TV network)|RT]] | url = http://rt.com/usa/news/anonymous-barrettbrown-sopa-megaupload-241/ | accessdate = January 21, 2012 }}</ref> Barrett Brown, juru bicara kelompok Anonymous mengatakan pada kepada di jaringan berita televisi RT bahwa waktu serangan ini "sudah datang pada waktu yang paling buruk dari sudut pandang pemerintah".<ref name="RTMegauploadDOS"/> Walaupun protes SOPA baru berlangsung selama satu hari, mereka mengklaim bahwa pengguna internet "sudah jauh siap membela Internet yang terbuka".<ref name="RTMegauploadDOS"/>

<ref name="SOPA (Stop Online Piracy Act) debate: Why are Google and Facebook against it?">{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/sopa-stop-online-piracy-act-debate-why-are-google-and-facebook-against-it/2011/11/17/gIQAvLubVN_story.html?tid=pm_business_pop |title=SOPA (Stop Online Piracy Act) debate: Why are Google and Facebook against it? |author=Beth Marlowe |work=Washington Post |date=November 17, 2011 |accessdate=November 17, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="lamar">{{cite web |url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-11-22/house-judiciary-chairman-says-google-obstructs-piracy-bill.html |title=House Judiciary Chairman Says Google Obstructs Piracy Bill |author=Eric Engleman |work=Bloomberg BusinessWeek |accessdate=December 19, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="albanesius">{{cite web |author=Chloe Albanesius |url=http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2396518,00.asp?obref=obinsite |title=SOPA: Is Congress Pushing Web Censorship? &#124; News & Opinion |publisher=PCMag.com |date=November 16, 2011 |accessdate=November 18, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="Will Online Piracy Bill Combat 'Rogue' Web Sites or Cripple the Internet?">{{cite web |url=http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2395653,00.asp#fbid=6r9KNM2HX7x |title=Will Online Piracy Bill Combat 'Rogue' Web Sites or Cripple the Internet? |author=Chloe Albanesius |date=November 1, 2011 |accessdate=December 19, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="Proposed Copyright Bill Threatens Whistleblowing and Human Rights">{{cite web |url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2011/11/proposed-copyright-bill-threatens-whistleblowing-and-human-rights |title=Proposed Copyright Bill Threatens Whistleblowing and Human Rights |author=Trevor Timm |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |date=November 2, 2011 |accessdate=December 19, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="US Piracy Law Could Threaten Human Rights">{{cite web |url=http://cdt.org/blogs/cynthia-wong/1811us-piracy-law-could-threaten-human-rights |title=US Piracy Law Could Threaten Human Rights |author=Cynthia Wong |publisher=Center for Democracy and Technology |date=November 18, 2011 |accessdate=December 19, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="eff">{{cite web |url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2011/11/hollywood-new-war-on-software-freedom-and-internet-innovation |title=Hollywood's New War on Software Freedom and Internet Innovation |author=Peter Eckersley |work=Deep Links |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |date=November 11, 2011 |accessdate=December 19, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="Mozilla stirs netizens against US anti-piracy law: Dancing cats take-down threat">{{cite web |url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/11/16/mozilla_sopa/ |title=Mozilla stirs netizens against US anti-piracy law: Dancing cats take-down threat |author=Gavin Clarke |publisher=The Register |date=November 16, 2011 |accessdate=December 19, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="Feds Demand Firefox Remove Add-On That Redirects Seized Domains">{{cite web |url=http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/05/firefox-add-on-redirect |title=Feds Demand Firefox Remove Add-On That Redirects Seized Domains |author=David Kravaets |publisher=Wired |date=May 5, 2011 |accessdate=December 19, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="Questions to Department of Homeland Security April 19, 2011">{{cite web |url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/54218316/Questions-to-Department-of-Homeland-Security-April-19-2011 |title=Questions to Department of Homeland Security April 19, 2011 |accessdate=December 19, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="palfrey">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/palfrey/2011/12/22/sopa-and-our-2010-circumvention-study |title=John Palfrey » Blog Archive » SOPA and our 2010 Circumvention Study |publisher=Blogs.law.harvard.edu |accessdate=January 17, 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="mazzone">{{cite web |url=http://torrentfreak.com/the-privatization-of-copyright-lawmaking-111112/ |title=The Privatization of Copyright Lawmaking |author=Jason Mazzone |date=November 12, 2011 |accessdate=December 19, 2011}}</ref>

<ref name="Strange bedfellows: Nancy Pelosi, Ron Paul join SOPA opposition">{{cite web |url=http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2011/11/strange-bedfellows-nancy-pelosi-ron-paul-join-sopa-opposition.ars |title=Strange bedfellows: Nancy Pelosi, Ron Paul join SOPA opposition |author=Timothy B. Lee |publisher=Ars Technica |date=November 17, 2011 |accessdate=December 19, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="issa">{{cite web |url=http://thehill.com/blogs/hillicon-valley/technology/194635-gops-issa-effort-to-grease-the-skids-for-online-piracy-bill-has-failed |title=GOP's Issa: Effort to 'grease the skids' for online piracy bill has failed |author=Gautham Nagesh |publisher=The Hill |date=November 18, 2011 |accessdate=December 19, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="Lawmakers seek alternative to Stop Online Piracy Act">{{Cite journal|url=http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/111511-lawmakers-seek-alternative-to-stop-253139.html |title=Lawmakers seek alternative to Stop Online Piracy Act: Opponents of the legislation also complain that sponsors are railroading it through Congress |author=Grant Gross |date=November 15, 2011 |publisher=Network World |accessdate=December 19, 2011}}</ref>

<ref name="leagueoflegends">{{cite web |url=http://na.leagueoflegends.com/board/showthread.php?p=19572246#post19572246|title=League of Legends Message board|date=January 11, 2012 |accessdate=January 20, 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="myce_polis">{{cite news |url=http://www.myce.com/news/congressman-to-gamers-help-us-stop-sopa-57240/ |title=Colorado Congressman to gamers |date=January 13, 2012 |accessdate=January 20, 2012}}</ref>