Skandal valas: Perbedaan antara revisi

|quote = "''Dont want other numpty's in mkt to know [about information exchanged within the group], but not only that is he gonna protect us like we protect each other…''"|source=Pendapat seorang pedagang [[Citibank]] tentang calon anggota baru di ruang obrolannya<ref name=McCoy>{{cite news|last1=McCoy|first1=Kevin|title=Forex traders plotted strategy in secret chats|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2014/11/12/banks-forex-chat-room-excerpts/18901819/|accessdate=13 November 2014|publisher=USA Today|date=12 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=fcajpmorgan>{{cite web|title=FCA Final Notice 2014: JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A.|url=http://www.fca.org.uk/your-fca/documents/final-notices/2014/jpmorgan-chase-bank|website=Financial Conduct Authority|accessdate=13 November 2014}}</ref>|width = 20%|title = Ruang obrolan rahasia|tstyle = text-align: left;}}

Hal yang menjadi sumber investigasi skandal ini adalah transkrip [[ruang obrolan]] elektronik yang digunakan pedagang valas senior bersama para pesaingnya di bank-bank lain untuk membahas jenis dan volume perdagangan yang hendak mereka manfaatkan. Ruang obrolan elektronik ini diberi nama "The Cartel", "The Bandits’ Club", "One Team, One Dream", dan "The Mafia".<ref>{{cite news|last=Liam Vaughan, Gavin Finch and Bob Ivry |first= |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-12-19/how-secret-currency-traders-club-devised-biggest-market-s-rates.html |title=Secret Currency Traders’ Club Devised Biggest Market’s Rates |newspaper=Bloomberg News |date=2013-12-19 |accessdate=2014-02-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Katie Martin and David Enrich |first= |url=http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304866904579267901064067572 |title=Forex Traders Said to Have Colluded in Effort to Profit |newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=2013-12-19 |accessdate=2014-02-03}}</ref><ref name=Reuters/> Diskusi di ruang obrolan ini diselingi lelucon tentang memanipulasi pasar valuta asing serta alkohol, obat-obatan terlarang, dan perempuan.<ref name="Enrich">{{cite news|last=David Enrich and Katie Martin |first= |url=http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303618904579171390414686878 |title=Currency Probe Widens as Major Banks Suspend Traders|newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=2013-11-01 |accessdate=2014-02-03}}</ref> Pihak regulator berfokus pada satu ruang obrolan eksklusif yang diberi nama The Cartel atau The Mafia. Ruang obrolan tersebut digunakan oleh para pedagang paling berpengaruh di [[City of London|London]] dan keanggotaannya sangat eksklusif. Salah satu anggota The Cartel adalah Richard Usher, mantan pedagang senior [[Royal Bank of Scotland|Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS)]] yang menjadi kepala pedagangan valuta asing spot [[JPMorgan]] pada tahun 2010; Rohan Ramchandani, kepala perdagangan spot Eropa [[Citigroup]]; Matt Gardiner, pedagang yang pindah ke [[Standard Chartered]] setelah bekerja di [[UBS]] dan [[Barclays]]; dan Chris Ashton, kepala perdagangan spot di Barclays. Dua di antaranya, Usher dan Ramchandani, merupakan anggota kelompok pedagang utama [[Bank of England]] Joint Standing Committee yang beranggotakan 13 orang.<ref name="Schafer">{{cite news|last=Daniel Schäfer, Alice Ross and Delphine Strauss|first= |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/7a9b85b4-4af8-11e3-8c4c-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2sG2XPJec |title=Foreign exchange: The big fix |newspaper=Financial Times |date=2013-11-12 |accessdate=2014-02-03}}</ref>

Sedikitnya 15 bank, termasuk Barclays, [[HSBC]], dan [[Goldman Sachs]], mengungkapkan adanya investigasi oleh pihak regulator. Barclays, Citigroup, dan JPMorgan Chase mendiskors atau mencutikan semua pedagang valas senior. [[Deutsche Bank]], bank pinjaman terbesar di benua Eropa, mematuhi permintaan informasi dari para regulator.<ref name=Sebag>{{cite news|last=Gaspard Sebag and Aoife White|title=Banks Said to Snitch on FX Rivals in Race to Avoid Fines|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-12-20/banks-said-to-snitch-on-fx-competitors-in-race-to-avoid-eu-fines.html|accessdate=21 January 2014|newspaper=Bloomberg News|date=19 December 2013}}</ref><ref name="Schafer"/> Barclays, Citigroup, Deutsche Bank, HSBC, JPMorgan Chase, [[Lloyds Banking Group|Lloyds]], RBS, Standard Chartered, UBS, dan [[Bank of England]] telah mendiskors, mencutikan, atau memecat kurang lebih 40 karyawan valas pada Juni 2014.<ref name=Reuters>{{cite news|title=Forex Chatrooms Show Traders Shared Order, Price Details: Report|url=http://profit.ndtv.com/news/forex/article-forex-chatrooms-show-traders-shared-order-price-details-report-539899|accessdate=1 July 2014|agency=Reuters|publisher=NDTV Profit|date=19 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Alice Ross, Daniel Schäfer and Gina Chon |first= |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/03659de2-7dc8-11e3-95dd-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2sA4TUFeI |title=Deutsche Bank suspends traders amid global forex probe |newspaper=Financial Times |date=2014-01-15 |accessdate=2014-02-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Nicholas Comfort and Karin Matussek |first= |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-01-30/deutsche-bank-said-to-suspend-moraiz-in-currency-probe.html |title=Deutsche Bank Said to Suspend Moraiz in Currency Probe |newspaper=Bloomberg News |date=2014-01-30 |accessdate=2014-02-03}}</ref><ref name=FTreporters>{{cite news|last=Daniel Schäfer, Patrick Jenkins, Mike Mackenzie, Kara Scannell, Alex Barker, Camilla Hall, Caroline Binham and Delphine Strauss|title=Forex in the spotlight|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/a296da48-9579-11e3-8371-00144feab7de.html#axzz2tfdCIcDV|accessdate=18 February 2014|newspaper=Financial Times|date=16 February 2014}}</ref> Citigroup juga sudah memecat kepala divisi perdagangan valuta asing spot Eropa, Rohan Ramchandani; Ramchandani merupakan anggota kelompok pedagang utama Bank of England Joint Standing Committee yang beranggotakan 13 orang.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bases |first=Daniel |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/01/10/forex-citi-probe-idUKL2N0KK29920140110 |title=Citi's European spot forex head trader Ramchandani out amid probe |newspaper=Reuters |date=2014-01-10 |accessdate=2014-02-03}}</ref> ''[[Reuters]]'' melaporkan bahwa ratusan pedagang di seluruh dunia bisa terkena dampak skandal ini.<ref>{{cite news|author=Jamie McGeever |url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/international-business/european-business/deutsche-bank-suspends-multiple-currency-traders-in-new-york-source/article16340584/ |title=Deutsche Bank, Citi feel the heat of widening FX investigation |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |date=2014-01-15 |accessdate=2014-02-03}}</ref>