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Peningkatan keasaman air aut diperkirakan memiliki beragam konsekuensi, seperti penurunan laju metabolisme [[cumi-cumi jumbo]](''Dosidicus gigas''),<ref name=Rosa>{{cite journal |last=Rosa |first=R. |last2=Seibel |first2=B. |title=Synergistic effects of climate-related variables suggest future physiological impairment in a top oceanic predator |journal=P.n.a.s. |volume=105 |year=2008 |month= |pages=20776–20780 |url=http://www.pnas.org/content/105/52/20776.short |bibcode = 2008PNAS..10520776R |doi = 10.1073/pnas.0806886105 |issue=52 |ref=harv }}</ref> penurunan sistem imunitas kerang biru,<ref name=Bibby>{{cite journal |last=Bibby |first=R. |coauthors=''et al.'' |title=Effects of ocean acidification on the immune response of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis |journal=Aquatic Biology |volume=2 |year=2008 |month= |pages=67–74 |url=http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/ab/v2/n1/p67-74/ |doi=10.3354/ab00037 |ref=harv }}</ref> dan [[pemutihan koral]].
 
Reaksi kimia lain juga terjadi sehingga kadar ion karbonat di lautan yang tersedia akan berkurang. Hal ini akan menyulitkan bagi hewan laut yang membutuhkan ion karbonat bagi pertumbuhan hidupnya seperti [[koral]] untuk proses kalsifikasi tubuhnya, dan beberapa jenis [[plankton]]. Struktur yang mengandung ion karbonat pun akan cepat rapuh karena larut oleh asam.<ref name=orr05>{{Cite journal |last=Orr|first=James C.|coauthors=''et al.'' |year=2005 |title=Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms |url=http://www.ipsl.jussieu.fr/~jomce/acidification/paper/Orr_OnlineNature04095.pdf | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080625100559/http://www.ipsl.jussieu.fr/~jomce/acidification/paper/Orr_OnlineNature04095.pdf | archivedate = 2008-06-25 | journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=437 |issue=7059 |pages=681–686 |doi=10.1038/nature04095 |pmid=16193043 |bibcode=2005Natur.437..681O |ref=harv}}</ref> Peningkatan keasaman lautan akan memicu gangguan pada [[rantai makanan]] yang ada pada dan terhubung dengan lautan.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/31/science/earth/31ocean.html |title=Rising Acidity Is Threatening Food Web of Oceans, Science Panel Says |author=Cornelia Dean |publisher=New York Times |date=January 30, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author= Robert E. Service |title= Rising Acidity Brings and Ocean Of Trouble |journal=Science|pages= 146–148 |volume= 337 |date= 13 July 2012|bibcode = 2012Sci...337..146S|doi= 10.1126/science.337.6091.146|pmid= 22798578|issue= 6091|ref= harv }}</ref> Sebanyak 105 [[akademi ilmu pengetahuan]] telah mengeluarkan rekomendasi untuk mengurangi emisi karbon dioksida global sebanyak setidaknya 50% dari tingkat emisi tahun 1990.<ref name="iap statement">{{Cite web | author=IAP | title=Interacademy Panel (IAP) Member Academies Statement on Ocean Acidification | date=June 2009 | url=http://www.interacademies.net/10878/13951.aspx | ref=harv | postscript={{inconsistent citations}}}}, Secretariat: TWAS (the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World), Trieste, Italy.</ref>
 
Peningkatan keasaman air laut telah terjadi sebelumnya dalam [[sejarah bumi]], seperti peristiwa ''[[Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum]]'' (PETM),<ref name=Zachos2005>{{cite journal | author = Zachos, J.C. | coauthors = Röhl, U.; Schellenberg, S.A.; Sluijs, A.; Hodell, D.A.; Kelly, D.C.; Thomas, E.; Nicolo, M.; Raffi, I.; Lourens, L. J.; McCarren, H.; Kroon, D. | title = Rapid acidification of the ocean during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum | year = 2005 | journal = Science | volume = 308 | pages = 1611–1615 | doi = 10.1126/science.1109004 | issue = 5728 | pmid = 15947184 | ref = harv }}</ref> yang terjadi setidaknya 56 juta tahun yang lalu dan menyebabkan pelarutan struktur karbonat hewan laut hingga membentuk sedimen di basin lautan di seluruh dunia.
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* {{cite journal|last=Kim|first=Rakhyun E.|title=Is a New Multilateral Environmental Agreement on Ocean Acidification Necessary?|journal=Review of European Community & International Environmental Law|year=2012|volume=21|issue=3|pages=243–258|doi=10.1111/reel.12000.x|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1111/reel.12000.x/asset/reel12000.pdf?v=1&t=hje8up3l&s=acfe7a98dabdf9fd728223ed0266031e9c9b1d83|ref=harv}}
* Kleypas, J. A., R. A. Feely, V. J. Fabry, C. Langdon, C. L. Sabine, and L. L. Robbins. (2006). [http://www.ucar.edu/communications/Final_acidification.pdf Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reefs and Other Marine Calcifiers: A Guide for Further Research], report of a workshop held 18–20 April 2005, St. Petersburg, FL, sponsored by [[National Science Foundation]], NOAA and the U.S. Geological Survey, 88pp.
* {{Cite news|last=[[Elizabeth Kolbert|Kolbert]] |first=E. |title=The Darkening Sea: Carbon emissions and the ocean |publisher=[[The New Yorker]] |date=2006-11-20 |url=http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/11/20/061120fa_fact_kolbert }}
* Riebesell, U., V. J. Fabry, L. Hansson and J.-P. Gattuso (Eds.). (2010). [http://www.epoca-project.eu/index.php/Home/Guide-to-OA-Research/ Guide to best practices for ocean acidification research and data reporting], 260 p.&nbsp;Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
* {{Cite journal|last=Sabine|first=C. L.|coauthors=Feely, Richard A.; Gruber, Nicolas; Key, Robert M.; Lee, Kitack; Bullister, John L. ''et al.''|year=2004|title=The Oceanic Sink for Anthropogenic {{chem|CO|2}}
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