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''qāf'' ق,
''rā'' ر.
It<ref>''nun'' isن possibleand that''qaf'' ق have no variant written without dots in modern script; Steward (2012): "the restrictedmysterious setletters ofinclude no letters waswith supposeddots. toThere invokeis an archaicapparent variantexception ofto thethis rule, Arabicthe alphabetoccurrences (modelledof onya thein [ [HebrewSurahs alphabet|Hebrew]]-[[Aramaic19 alphabet|Aramaic]]and [[Northwest36 Semitic abjad...] ])."</ref><ref>Devin J. Steward, "The mysterious letters and other formal features of the Qur'an in light of Greek and Babylonianatauacular texts", in: ''New Perspectives on the Qur'an'' ed. Reynolds, Routledge (2012), 323-348 ([https://books.google.ch/books?id=6dqoAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA341#v=onepage&q&f=false p. 341]).</ref> ▼The six final letters of the [[Abjadiatauder]] ('' thakhadh ḍaẓagh'') are unused.
The letters represented correspond to those letters written without [[iʿjam|dots]], plus [[yodh|''ya'' ي]].<ref>''nun'' ن and ''qaf'' ق have no variant written without dots in modern script; Steward (2012): "the mysterious letters include no letters with dots. There is an apparent exception to this rule, the occurrences of ya in [Surahs 19 and 36 ...]"</ref>
▲It is possible that the restricted set of letters was supposed to invoke an archaic variant of the Arabic alphabet (modelled on the [[Hebrew alphabet|Hebrew]]-[[Aramaic alphabet|Aramaic]] [[Northwest Semitic abjad]]).<ref>Devin J. Steward, "The mysterious letters and other formal features of the Qur'an in light of Greek and Babylonianatauacular texts", in: ''New Perspectives on the Qur'an'' ed. Reynolds, Routledge (2012), 323-348 ([https://books.google.ch/books?id=6dqoAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA341#v=onepage&q&f=false p. 341]).</ref>
Certain co-occurrence restrictions are observable in these letters; for instance, ''ʾAlif'' is invariably followed by Lām. The substantial majority of the combinations begin either ''ʾAlif Lām ''atau ''Hā Mīm''.
In all but 3 of the 29 cases, these letters are almost immediately followed by mention of the Qur'anic revelation itself (the exceptions are Surahs [[Surah 29|29]], [[Surah 30|30]], and [[Surah 68|68]]); and some argue that even these three cases should be included, since mention of the revelation is made later on in the Surah. More specifically, one may note that in 8 cases the following verse begins "These are the signs...", and in another 5 it begins "The Revelation..."; another 3 begin "By the Qur'an...", and another 2 "By the Book..." Additionally, all but 3 of these Surahs are [[Meccan Surah]]s (the exceptions are Surahs [[Surah 2|2]], [[Surah 3|3]], [[Surah 13|13]].)
''Lām'' and ''Mīm'' are conjoined and both are written with prolongation mark.
One letter is written in two styles. [Refer 19:01 and 20:01] Letter 20:01 is used only in the beginning and middle of a word and that in 19:01 is not used as such. الم is also the First Ayah of Surah 3, 29, 30, 31 and 32 [total 6].{{clarify|date=February 2016}}
:Kāf (ك): an abbreviation for Al-Kāfi (كافي, the Sufficient),
:Lām (ل): merujuk kepada Nama Allāh (الله, menggunakan huruf keduanya),
:Mīm (م): askependekan either an abbreviation fordari Al-'Alīm (العليم, the Knowing, using the ending letter)atau for Al-Majīd (المجيد, the Glorious),
:Nūn (ن) (occurring: onlymenjadi as the name ofnama [[Surah 68Nun]]): a word meaning Inkstand,
:Sīn (س): askependekan either an abbreviation for Manatau an abbreviation fordari As-Samī' (السميع, theMaha HearingMendengar),
:ʿAin (ع): ankependekan abbreviation fordari Al-'Alīm (العليم, theMaha KnowingMengetahui),
:sād (ص): ankependekan abbreviation fordari As-sādiq (الصادق, theMaha TruthfulBenar),
:Qāf (ق): ankependekan abbreviation fordari Al-Qādir (القادر, theMaha AlmightyBerkehendak),
:Rā (ر): andiartikan abbreviation for the Seeingmenjadi melihat (رائي / رأى / رؤيا / يرى / بصير )
===Arti dalam pendapat===
[[Hamiduddin Farahi]] menyimbolkan Nun (ن) sebagai "ikan", sebagai pertanda awal dari kisah perjalanan [[Nabi Yahya]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Islahi, Amin Ahsan|title=Taddabur-i-Quran|publisher=Faraan Foundation| year=2004| pages=82–85}}</ref><ref>[http://www.iiu.edu.pk/wp-content/uploads/downloads/academics/short_cv/fll/eng-male/ahsan-ur-rehman.pdf Ahsan ur Rehman], "Morpho Phonemic Patterns in the Prefixed Chapters of the Qur'an: A Stylistic Approach" (2013) [http://lasjan.page.tl/Muqattaat.htm lasjan.page.tl]
[http://lasjan.page.tl/Quranic-stylistics.htm A stylistic study of the consonant Șād (ﺹ) in three Qur’anic chapters:Șād (38), Maryam (19) and Al A‘rāf (7)] (2013)</ref>
===Numerology===
There have been attempts to give [[numerology|numerological]] interpretations. Loth (1888) suggested a connection to [[Gematria|Jewish models]].<ref>Otto Loth, "Tabaris Korankommentar" ZDMG 35 (1888), 603f.</ref> [[Rashad Khalifa]] (1974) claimed to have discovered a mathematical code in the Qur'an based on these initials and the [[19 (number)|number 19]]. According to his claims, these initials occur throughout their respective chapters in multiples of nineteen.<ref>Rashad Khalifa, ''[http://www.masjidtucson.org/publications/books/vp/contents.html Quran: Visual Presentation of the Miracle]'', Islamic Productions International, 1982. ISBN 0-934894-30-2</ref> which is mentioned in Surah 74:30<ref>{{Cite quran|74|30|s=ns}}</ref>
The [[Báb]] uses Muqatta'at in his [[Selections from the Writings of the Báb#Qayy.C3.BAmu.27l-Asm.C3.A1.27|Qayyúmu'l-Asmá']].<ref>{{cite web | title = Reading Reading Itself: The Bab's `Surah of the Bees,' A Commentary on Qur'an 12:93 from the Surah of Joseph| last = Lawson| first = Todd | accessdate=2007-03-19 | url=http://www.h-net.msu.edu/~bahai/bhpapers/vol1/nahl2.htm#Preface}}</ref><ref name="BEP">See the following source for more about Bábí letter symbolism: {{cite encyclopedia |last= Editors |encyclopedia= Bahá’í Encyclopedia Project |title= Letters of the Living (Hurúf-i-Hayy) |year= 2009 |publisher= National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States |location= Evanston, IL |url= http://www.bahai-encyclopedia-project.org/index.php?view=article&catid=38%3Ahistory&id=65%3Aletters-of-the-living&option=com_content&Itemid=74}}</ref> He writes in an early commentary and in his ''[[Báb#M.C3.A1h-K.C3.BA.2C late summer 1847 .E2.80.93 May 1848|Dalá'il-i-Sab'ih]]'' (Seven Proofs) about a [[hadith]] from [[Muhammad al-Baqir]] (the fifth [[Imamah (Shi'a doctrine)|Shia Imam]]) where it is stated that the first seven sets of Muqatta'at (Surah 2 through 13) have a [[Abjad numerals|numerical value]] of 1267, from which the year AD 1844 (the year of the Báb's declaration) can be derived.<ref>Lambden, Stephen N. ''[http://www.hurqalya.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/03-Biblical-islam-BBst/1844.HTM A note upon the messianic year 1260 / 1844 and the Bābī-Bahā'ī interpretation of the isolated letters of the Qur'an]''.</ref><ref name="saiedi109">{{cite book | title = Gate of the Heart: Understanding the Writings of the Báb | first = Nader | last = Saiedi | publisher = Wilfrid Laurier University Press | location = Waterloo, ON | pages = 109–110| isbn = 978-1-55458-035-4 | year = 2008 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=XTfoaK15t64C}}</ref>
===Mystical===
{{further|Hurufism}}
[[Sufism]] has a tradition of attributing mystical significance to the letters.
The details differ between schools of Sufism; Sufi tradition generally regards the letters as an extension to the [[Names of God in Islam|ninety-nine names of God]], with some authors offering specific "hidden" meanings for the individual letters.<ref>An example is given by Siddiq Osman Noormuhammad of the [[Naqshbandi]]atauder in '' Salawaat by Sufi Mashaaikh'' Nairobi (2004).</ref>
In 1857-58, [[Bahá'u'lláh]], founder of the [[Bahá'í Faith]], wrote his ''Commentary on the Isolated Letters'' (''Tafsír-i-Hurúfát-i-Muqatta'ih'', also known as ''Lawh-i-Áyiy-i-Núr'', ''Tablet of the Light Verse'').<ref name="marshall">{{cite web | title = What on earth is a disconnected letter? - Baha'u'llah's commentary on the disconnected letters| last = Marshall| first = Alison| accessdate=2007-03-19 | url=http://bahai-library.com/marshall_disconnected_letters}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Tafsír-al-Hurúfát al-Muqatta'át (Commentary on the Isolated Letters)atau Lawh-i Áyah-yi Núr (Tablet of the Light Verse) of Mírzá Husayn 'Alí Núrí Bahá'-Alláh (1817-1892)| last = Lambden | first = Stephen N. | accessdate=2007-03-19 | url=http://www.hurqalya.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/BAHA'-ALLAH/L-hurufat.htm}}</ref> In it, he describes how God created the letters. A black teardrop fell down from the Primordial Pen on the "[[Predestination in Islam|Perspicuous, Snow-white Tablet]]", by which the [[Arabic diacritics|Point]] was created. The Point then turned into an [[Aleph#Arabic|Alif]] (vertical stroke), which was again transformed, after which the Muqatta'at appeared. These letters were then differentiated, separated and then again gathered and linked together, appearing as the "names and attributes" of creation. Bahá'u'lláh gives various interpretations of the letters "''alif, lam, mim''", mostly relating to Allah, trusteeship (''wilayah'') and the prophethood (''nubuwwah'') of Muhammad. He emphasizes the central role of the ''alif'' in all the worlds of God.<ref name="marshall" />
==Referensi==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Muqatta'at}}
[[Category:Al-Qur'an]]
[[Category:Bahasa Arab]]
[[Category:Ayat]]
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