BTR-60: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{Infobox Weapon

|name= BTR-60

|caption= A BTR-60PB

|origin= [[Soviet Union]]

The '''BTR-60''' is the first vehicle in a series of [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] eight-wheeled [[armoured personnel carrier]]s (APCs). It was developed in the late 1950s as a replacement for the [[BTR-152]] and was seen in public for the first time in 1961. [[BTR (vehicle)|BTR]] stands for ''Bronetransporter'' (БТР, Бронетранспортер, literally "armoured transporter").<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20061103033619/http://www.milparade.com/Soderzhaniye.pdf KAT-orygie-0/24-49-soderzanie]. Web.archive.org (3 November 2006). Retrieved on 21 September 2011.</ref>

 

 

The [[BTR-152]] and [[BTR-40]], the first two Soviet mass-produced [[Armoured personnel carrier|APCs]] developed after the [[Second World War]], gave the [[Soviet Army]] useful experience with wheeled armoured personnel carriers. However, even as they were designed, they weren't suited for the needs of the Soviet Army as they lacked a roof (which was added in later versions designated BTR-152K and BTR-40B respectively). The low combat values of the [[BTR-152]] and [[BTR-40]] were exposed when the [[Egyptian Army]] used them during the [[Suez Crisis]]. This was one of the reasons why the new APC was developed.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1">Czołgi Świata, Issue 41, pp 1, 2</ref>

 

Between 1956 and 1957, a decision was made to convert all rifle and mechanized divisions into motor rifle divisions and a requirement for a new transport vehicle was drawn up.

Development proceeded along two paths: a more expensive vehicle that would eventually become the [[BMP-1]], for use in tank divisions, and a cheaper vehicle for use in motor rifle divisions, that would eventually become the BTR-60. Two design bureaus were given the requirements, GAZ led by V. A. Dedkov,<ref name="Pancerni 1">[http://www.pancerni.abajt.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=23&Itemid=37 Pancerni 1]. Pancerni.abajt.pl. Retrieved on 21 September 2011.</ref> and ZiL led by Rodionov and Orlov. The requirements stated that the vehicle should have all wheel drive, at least two turnable axles, independent suspension as well as mobility and fording capabilities allowing it to operate alongside tanks. The vehicle was also supposed to be amphibious.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/> The GAZ design team started to work on the new APC during the winter of 1956. Despite the fact that the army wanted a fully roofed vehicle with NBC protection system, the GAZ design did not have those features. It was argued that firing from the cramped interior would be difficult and that the limitation of losses wasn't a priority.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/> The prototype was built between 1957 and 1958.<ref name="Pancerni 1"/> ZiL developed a 6x6 design, the ZiL-153, similar in hull shape to the GAZ design. There were also three other 8x8 prototypes: Ob'yekt 560 (also known as MMZ-560<ref name="JED Ob'yekt">[http://www.jedsite.info/misc/oscar/obyekt_series/obyekt-series.html JED Ob'yekt]. Jedsite.info. Retrieved on 21 September 2011.</ref>), Ob'yekt 1015 (developed by KAZ<ref name="JED Ob'yekt"/>), Ob'yekt 1015B (developed by KAZ,<ref name="JED Ob'yekt"/> it had with a turret-mounted armament and stream propellers,<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/> also known as BTR-1015B<ref name="JED Ob'yekt"/>) and Ob'yekt 1020B (developed by KAZ<ref name="JED Ob'yekt"/>). All prototypes were submitted to and passed state trials in 1959. Even though the Ob'yekt 1015B performed best, the GAZ design was selected and given the designation BTR-60P.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/><ref name="Pancerni 1"/> Officially, the committee that made the decision did so because of the GAZ plant's production capabilities and experience. The main reason was that the GAZ design was the simplest and cheapest one and introduced the lowest amount of technological advancements, which made it easier to put into mass production.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/>

 

The appearance of the German [[HS.30]] APC, which was armed with a 20&nbsp;mm cannon, prompted the addition of the conical BPU-1 turret. This turret, which was originally developed for the [[BRDM-2]] amphibious armoured scout car, was armed with the KPVT 14.5&nbsp;mm heavy machine gun and a PKT 7.62&nbsp;mm tank machine gun. The new vehicle was designated the BTR-60PAI and entered production in 1965. It was, however, quickly replaced by the BTR-60PB, which had a better sighting system for the machine guns.

 

BTR-60 was a revolutionary design for its time.<ref name="Pancerni 1"/><ref name="Pancerni 2">[http://www.pancerni.abajt.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=23&Itemid=37&limit=1&limitstart=1 Pancerni 2]. Pancerni.abajt.pl. Retrieved on 21 September 2011.</ref> It had a non-standard layout for an [[Armoured personnel carrier|APC]]; the crew compartment was in the front, the troop compartment in the middle and the engine compartment in the rear.<ref name="Pancerni 1"/> This meant that, while the BTR-60 didn't share some of the weaknesses that other APCs had, it had several disadvantages of its own.

 

 

In the BTR-60, the crew compartment is located in the front of the vehicle and had a roof - unlike the troop compartment, which first received one with the introduction of the BTR-60PA. In the BTR-60P and BTR-60PA, the crew consists of a driver and a commander. The driver's seat is on the left and commander's seat is on the right. In the BTR-60PAI, BTR-60PB and BTR-60PZ, the crew consists of a driver, a commander and a gunner. The position of the driver and commander stations remained unchanged in later models. The gunner operates the BPU-1 turret, using the PP-61A optical sight. In the BTR-60P, both the driver and commander manned their positions by entering the vehicle through the sides. The BTR-60PA introduced two hatches over their stations and crew members had to climb on top of the vehicle to use them. The entry method did not change in later production models. The BTR-60B introduced a side door for the gunner on the right side, and firing ports for both the driver and commander, and two for the gunner, one on each side. (For more information on the BTR-60's firing port see the [[BTR-60#Troop compartment|troop compartment section]]). Both the driver and the commander have forward views through bulletproof windshields, onto which steel covers can be lowered. In the BTR-60P and BTR-60PA, the covers had vision slots, and additional slots on both sides of the crew compartment. These were removed in the BTR-60PB in favor of two periscopes on each side.{{clarify|date=May 2014|reason=Unclear whether this means: i) 2 periscopes, 1 per side; or ii) 4 periscopes, 2 per side}} In early models of the BTR-60P and BTR-60PA, only the driver had a periscope<!--my guess at the missing word-->, while the commander had a removable OU-3 infrared searchlight. In the BTR-60PB, both the driver and the commander have three periscopes in the front (the commander's center periscope can be hard to see as it's just below the OU-3 infrared light). The vehicle was usually equipped with an R-113 radio; however,some models used the R-123. The initial BTR-60P production model lacked night-vision and had only four headlights (two infrared, two white, one of each kind per side, these remained in all BTR-60 models). Late BTR-60P models were fitted with night-vision; the TKN-1 connected with the OU-3 infrared searchlight for the commander and the TWN-2 for the driver. This remained unchanged in later models.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/><ref name="Pancerni 1"/>

 

The troop compartment is behind the crew compartment and in front of the engine compartment. The BTR-60P can transport up to 16 fully equipped soldiers. This number reduced to 14 in BTR-60PB. As the BTR-60P didn't have a roof, it was covered with a tarpaulin when traveling in bad weather conditions. It was also covered with bows and canvas. Also, all BTR-60 models had three firing ports on each upper side of the hull through which the infantry being transported could fire at the enemy with their personal weapons. The difference between models was in the position of these three firing ports. The BTR-60P and BTR-60PA had the firing ports positioned in a row between the middle and the front part of the troop compartment. In the BTR-60PB, the firing ports were relocated; one was next to the driver and commander, one next to the gunner and one in the side of the troop compartment.<ref name="Pancerni 1"/><ref name="softland 1"/>

 

Because of the engine placement (in the rear of the vehicle), transported infantry must mount and dismount through the sides in the BTR-60P or through the roof hatches in the roofed BTR-60PA, BTR-60PB, and BTR-60PZ variants. To help the infantry to mount and dismount the vehicle, the BTR-60P had two steps on each side of the hull, one between the first and second pair of road wheels and the other between the third and fourth pair of wheels. It also had two vertical hand rails on each side of the troop compartment, as well as an angled horizontal one on the left-hand side of the hull next to the engine compartment. The BTR-60PA introduced yet another step on each side of the hull between the second and third pair of wheels, as well as six horizontal hand rails on each side of the vehicle, three on the lower side and three on the upper side. The vertical ones were removed, while yet another angled horizontal one was added on the right-hand side of the hull next to the engine compartment. In the BTR-60PB, the number of hand rails decreased from six to five on each side of the hull; the rear upper hand rail was removed from he right side, whereas the center upper one was removed from the left side. The BTR-60P has two doors on each side of the troop compartment (one in the front and one in the rear), but infantry still had to dismount through the sides.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/> The side doors were removed in the BTR-60PA.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/> They were used mostly as emergency exits and as auxiliary firing ports. In the BTR-60PB, a side door was added on the front left of the troop compartment.

 

The hull armour is made from welded steel and provides protection against [[small arms]] fire and [[Shrapnel shell|shrapnel]].<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/><ref name="Pancerni 1"/> The frontal armour can withstand 7.62&nbsp;mm bullets from any range. The rest of the armour can withstand 7.62&nbsp;mm bullets from a range of 100 m.<ref name="Pancerni 1"/>

 

|}

 

The BTR-60 has a 8x8 suspension. Originally, there were difficulties in finding a suitable engine for it: the six-cylinder GAZ-40P gasoline engine, which produces 90&nbsp;hp, had insufficient power, while the 205-hp YaAZ-206B was too heavy. Instead, the BTR was fitted with two six-cylinder gasoline GAZ-40P<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/> engines (67&nbsp;kW)<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/><ref name="Pancerni 1"/><ref name="Gary's Combat Vehicle Reference Guide"/><ref name="Pancerni 2"/><ref name="opfor"/><ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/> located side by side in the rear of the vehicle. The combined power of the engines is 180&nbsp;hp (134&nbsp;kW). Each engine propels two of the vehicle's axles. The engine on the right propels the second and the fourth axles, while the one on the left propels the first and the third axles. Each engine has its own four-speed [[gear box]] with a single-shielded hydraulically controlled [[clutch]] and an exhaust. Each axle has its own [[differential (mechanical device)|differential]] and is hung on transversal torsion bars. The first two axles each have two hydraulic absorbers, while the third and fourth only have one. The first and second pair of wheels can be turned. The gaps between the first and second axles and between the third and fourth axles are even. The gap between the second and third axles is slightly larger than the other ones.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/><ref name="Pancerni 1"/><ref name="Gary's Combat Vehicle Reference Guide"/><ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>

 

The two-engines setup has an advantage in the fact that each engine could work without the other. This means that, if one engine is disabled, it doesn't affect the other one and the vehicle can still move, albeit with reduced speed. This setup, however, caused several problems that either do not exist in single-engined vehicles or weren't as serious: the design itself was complicated and the amount of work that had to be done during exploitation and repair was higher than in vehicles with a single engine. The engines themselves were originally intended for truck use, which meant that they were working in extreme conditions not originally envisioned for them. Because of this, engine breakdowns were frequent. The vehicle also used large amounts of fuel and caught fire easily. Despite all this, the two-engines setup was used in all BTR-60 production models as well as most variants of the [[BTR-70]]. The single-engine setup was introduced in the BTR-80.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/>

 

 

The BTR-60 is fully [[amphibious vehicle|amphibious]], propelled in the water by a jet centrally mounted at the rear of the hull.<ref name="Pancerni 1"/> It was, however, prone to breakdowns.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/> When not in use, it is protected by the sideways opening lids. Before entering the water, the trim vane at the front of the hull should be erected to prevent water from flooding over the bow. While in its traveling position, it serves as additional lower frontal armor.

 

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller; width:70%; height:200px;"

|+Characteristics of the BTR-60 production models

|}

 

BTR-60''s'' were produced by [[Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod]] (GAZ). The BTR-60P was produced between 1960 and 1963.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/> The BTR-60PA entered production in 1963,<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/><ref name="opfor"/> followed by the BTR-60PA-1 in 1965. Both the BTR-60PA and BTR-60PA-1 were produced until 1966.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/> The BTR-60PAI also entered production in 1965,<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/> but was quickly replaced in 1966 by the BTR-60PB, which had a better sighting system for the machine guns. The BTR-60PB remained in production until 1976, when it was superseded by the [[BTR-70]].<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/> According to Western estimates, around 25,000 BTR-60''s'' were produced by GAZ.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 4"/> During BTR-80 production, and therefore after BTR-60 production had ended, there was a special production run of 100 BTR-60PB''s'', some of which have been exported to Iraq.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>

 

 

An order to enter the BTR-60P into Soviet Army service was issued on 13 December 1959. However, production didn't start until 1960.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/> The first BTR-60P''s'' were delivered in 1960. It first entered service with the [[Soviet Army]] and later the Soviet naval infantry. The BTR-60 entered service with the Soviet military at the time when the USSR was arming on a mass scale.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/> In the early 1960s, it replaced the BTR-152 in the role of the basic APC. The BTR-60P was first seen by the West in 1961. The BTR-60PA entered service with the Soviet Army in 1963, the BTR-60PA-1 and BTR-60PAI entered service in 1965, the BTR-60PB in 1966, the BTR-60PZ in 1972 and theBTR-60PBK in 1975. As newer models of the BTR-60 appeared, the older ones were gradually withdrawn from front-line service. A number of old BTR-60P''s'' were converted into repair vehicles.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>

 

In the 1980s, most of the BTR-60''s'' in the Soviet army had been replaced by the BTR-70 and BTR-80; however, a large number was still operated by second-line and border troops. According to the data provided by the USSR during the signing of the [[CFE Treaty]] in 1990, there were 4,191 BTR-60''s'' in service with the units stationed in the European part of the Soviet Union.<ref name="Otechestvennye koljosnye bronetransportjory BTR-60, BTR-70, BTR-80 p. 27">{{cite book|last1= Baryatinsky|first1= M.|title= Otechestvennye koljosnye bronetransportjory BTR-60, BTR-70, BTR-80 (literally: Domestic wheeled BTR-60 BTR-70 BTR-80)|series= Bronekollektsiya|volume= special issue no. 11|year= 2007|publisher= Modelist-konstruktor|language=Russian|page = 27 }}</ref>

 

The first real combat use of the BTR-60 took place during the [[Sino-Soviet border conflict]] on [[Zhenbao Island]] (Damansky Island at the time) in March 1969. The frontier units operating on the island were equipped with BTR-60PB''s'', while the 57th border detachment group was equipped with BTR-50P''s'' and BTR-50PK''s''. The BTR-60 proved to be a good vehicle, although it sustained high losses due to the large number of RPGs used by the Chinese and mistakes made by the commanders of the APCs, which originated from the low amount of experience in combat use of the new vehicles.<ref name="Otechestvennye koljosnye bronetransportjory BTR-60, BTR-70, BTR-80 p. 32">{{cite book|last1= Baryatinsky|first1= M.|title= Otechestvennye koljosnye bronetransportjory BTR-60, BTR-70, BTR-80 (literally: Domestic wheeled BTR-60 BTR-70 BTR-80)|series= Bronekollektsiya|volume= special issue no. 11|year= 2007|publisher= Modelist-konstruktor|language=Russian|page = 32 }}</ref>

The high losses due to RPG hits wasn't unexpected, as the BTR-60's armour was designed to protect the vehicle from small arms fire and shrapnel, and not specialized anti-tank weapons. The most effective tactic found for using BTR-60PB''s'' was in covering the dismounted infantry.<ref name="Otechestvennye koljosnye bronetransportjory BTR-60, BTR-70, BTR-80 p. 32"/> This is a job more suited for infantry fighting vehicles than armoured personnel carriers, whose main role is transporting infantry to the battlefield and providing them with armour protection during that time - however, it must be noted that the [[BMP-1]], the world's first infantry fighting vehicle, started production in 1966 and therefore Soviet Army had very small numbers of those vehicles available at the time of Sino-Soviet border conflict. During the fights in March, the Chinese managed to capture four BTR-60PB''s'' and one T-62 MBT.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 4"/>

BTR-60PB''s'' were used again during the border conflict east of [[Lake Zhalanashkol]] in [[Kazahstan]] ([[Kazakh SSR]] at the time) in August 1969. During the fighting, the armour of BTR-60PB proved inadequate.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 4"/><ref name="Otechestvennye koljosnye bronetransportjory BTR-60, BTR-70, BTR-80 p. 34">{{cite book|last1= Baryatinsky|first1= M.|title= Otechestvennye koljosnye bronetransportjory BTR-60, BTR-70, BTR-80 (literally: Domestic wheeled BTR-60 BTR-70 BTR-80)|series= Bronekollektsiya|volume= special issue no. 11|year= 2007|publisher= Modelist-konstruktor|language=Russian|page = 34 }}</ref>

 

 

The BTR-60PB was used in large numbers during the initial part of the [[Soviet War in Afghanistan]]. This was because the units that were originally used for this operation weren't the top priority of the Soviet military, which prioritized the units stationed in East Germany. The same design flaws were present during this conflict and the vehicle became even more vulnerable due to the kind of fighting that took place in Afghanistan. The GAZ-40P gasoline engines experienced frequent power losses and overheating due to the tropical highland climate that they were not well suited for. Also, the BTR-60PB's turret could not elevate its armament high enough to fire at the Mujahideen attacking from high ground. Like during the Sino-Soviet border conflict, many BTR-60PB''s'' fell victim to RPGs. Because of those drawbacks, the BTR-60PB''s'' were replaced by BTR-70''s'' as soon as possible to a point were only the BTR-60 command variants were used.<ref name="Otechestvennye koljosnye bronetransportjory BTR-60, BTR-70, BTR-80 p. 34"/>

 

Soviet BTR-60''s'', BTR-70''s'' and BTR-80''s'' were used for dispersing the demonstrations in [[Tbilisi]] in 1989 and stopping the fighting on the border between [[Uzbek SSR]] and [[Kirghiz SSR]]. They were also used in Nagorno-Karabakh and South Ossetia. In 1990, they were used in [[Vilnius]] to suppress the Lithuanian independence movements.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 5">Czołgi Świata, Issue 41, pp 12, 13</ref>

 

In 1991, the BTR-60''s'' of the Soviet Army was passed on to the armies of the successor states and thus used in many regional conflicts. 27 BTR-60PBs<ref name="Czołgi Świata 5"/> that were inherited by Moldavia were used by its army during the [[War of Transnistria]]. A number of BTR-60''s'' were used by the Georgian army during the 1992–1993 [[War in Abkhazia (1992–93)|War in Abkhazia]].<ref name="VM2 49">{{cite book|last1= Shumilin|first1= S.|title= Sovetskie bronetransportjory BTR-60/70/80/90 (Soviet armoured personnel carriers BTR-60 BTR-70 BTR-80)|series= Voennye mashiny|volume= no. 15|place=Kirov|year= 2000|publisher= Kirovskoe obshhestvo ljubitelejj voennojj tekhniki i modelizma|language=Russian|page = 49 }}</ref>

 

As of 2007, several hundred BTR-60''s'' remain in service with USSR successor states; these are in a process of being replaced by more modern vehicles.<ref>Military Balance 2007</ref>

 

Russia used BTR-60s during the [[First Chechen War]], but since the mid-1990s BTR-60s have only been in use with the border troops.<ref name="Otechestvennye koljosnye bronetransportjory BTR-60, BTR-70, BTR-80 p. 34"/>

 

In Russian service, many BTR-60 variants have been replaced by variants of the BTR-80/K1Sh1 or have been upgraded with the engines from the [[BTR-80]].

 

Moldova inherited 27 BTR-60PB''s'' from the Soviet Union. They were used during the [[War of Transnistria]] against the [[Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic]].<ref name="VM2 49"/> Moldova also ordered 161 ex-Romanian TAB-71M''s'' in 1992, which were delivered between 1992 and 1995.<ref name="SIPRI"/> Moldova also inherited 20 BTR-70''s'' from the Soviet Union and received 250 TAB Zimbru''s'' and MLI-84''s'' from Romania.{{Citation needed|date=July 2012}} In the end of March 1992, the Moldavian army was trying to sever the connection between [[Tiraspol]] and [[Rîbniţa]]. Five out of the six BTR''s'' used during that operation were lost. On 1 April, two BTR''s'' were used during the assault on [[Bender, Moldova|Bender]]. In June, dozen of APCs were used during another assault on the city.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 5"/>

 

In 1992, the separatist state of Abkhazia declared Independence from Georgia and the [[War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)]] began. Georgia sent its troops to Abkhazia to stabilize the region. The 3,000 man force was poorly equipped with military vehicles, having only five T-55 main battle tanks, a few BMP-2 infantry fighting vehicles, three BTR-60/70 armoured personnel carriers and a small number of BM-21 Grad MRLs. As the war continued, the Georgian forces in Abkhazia were strengthened. The rebels had no AFV''s'' of their own, but captured some heavy equipment from the Georgians.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 5"/>

 

 

A BTR-60PB of the Armenian police was used on 1 March 2008 during the [[Armenian presidential election protests]] in [[Yerevan]]. It was sent to counter the protest at the Shahumyan Square near the French Embassy, where it arrived at 1:30&nbsp;pm. Eventually, the unarmed and peaceful demonstrators surrounded the APC, mounted it, and forced its crew to leave the square.

 

During the ongoing [[War in Donbass]], [[Armed Forces of Ukraine|Ukrainian Military]] used several BTR-60 variants. The [[National Guard of Ukraine|Ukrainian National Guard]], have deployed BTR-60PB's for counter-insurgency operations in Eastern Ukraine.<ref>http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ABattalion_%22Donbas%22_in_Donetsk_region_04.jpg</ref>

 

BTR-60 APCs were employed widely both by the Soviet Army and by more than 30 export customers.<ref name="opfor"/> Operators of the BTR-60 have included Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Bhutan, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Congo, Cuba, Djibouti, [[East Germany]], Ethiopia, Finland, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Laos, Libya, Mali, Mongolia, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, Nicaragua, North Korea, Romania, [[Soviet Union]], Syria, Uganda, Vietnam, [[Yugoslavia]], Yemen, and Zambia, as well as many of the successor states of the Soviet Union.<ref name="westhorp">Westhorp, Chris (editor), ''The World's Armies: An Illustrated Review of the Armies of the World'', Salamander Press, c. 1991, ISBN 0-517-05240-7</ref> The most widely spread model is the BTR-60PB.

 

The BTR-60 has seen action in the [[Yom Kippur War]], the 1971 War between India and Pakistan (where it was used very effectively to punch a hole through to [[Jessore]] and subsequently [[Khulna]]), the [[Soviet invasion of Afghanistan]] (where it was used by both the Soviet and Afghan government troops), the Chechen and Yugoslav wars. It was also used by Warsaw Pact forces during the 1968 [[Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia]].<ref name="Pancerni 2"/>

 

Finland's Jäger battalions operated Soviet-built BTR-60R-145BM "Chaika" vehicles. These were upgraded to BTR-60PUM standard between 1996 and 1997. In 1991, seven conscripts of the [[Karelia Brigade]] drowned when their BTR-60 sank at Taipalsaari during an amphibious exercise because the vehicle was loaded incorrectly (top-heavy) and the roof hatches opened.

 

The usual nicknames for BTR-60 amongst the Finnish conscripts were ''Petteri'' (a male name), after the initials BTR, and ''Taipalsaaren sukellusvene'' (Taipalsaari Submarine) after the 1991 incident.

 

 

[[Milicja Obywatelska]] (MO) operated several BTR-60PA''s''. They were used by [[ZOMO]] riot control units.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/> The Polish Army also received a dozen BTR-60PU-12''s'', which were used within the Soviet supplied [[9K33 Osa]] SAM regiment delivered between 1980 and 1985.<ref name="SIPRI">[http://armstrade.sipri.org/arms_trade/trade_register.php SIPRI Arms Transfers Database]. Armstrade.sipri.org. Retrieved on 21 September 2011.</ref><ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/> On 7 December 1981, the delegation of the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs went to the Soviet Ministry of Internal Affairs asking for equipment and supplies necessary to equip around 60,000 MO operatives and reservists enlisted because of the intensified activities against the Communist government. In response, on 17 December, the Soviet Ministry of Internal Affairs decided to transfer 25 BTR-60PB''s'' along with 10,250,000 "Czeromucha" incapacitating chemical devices and 2,000 tonnes of gas over to its Polish counterpart.<ref name="softland 2">[http://www.softland.com.pl/aerojac/aaa/stan_wojenny/sprzet_mo1.html softland APCs of the MO p. 2]{{dead link|date=September 2011}}</ref> These vehicles had previously been used in Afghanistan. They were later modified by adding another radio set. They were used by ZOMO.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/><ref name="ZOMO Equipment">[http://www.zomoza.kgb.pl/wyposazenie.htm ZOMO Equipment]. Zomoza.kgb.pl. Retrieved on 21 September 2011.</ref> During the [[martial law in Poland]], the MSW automobile plant in Łódź fitted some BTRs with breakers mounted on the front of the vehicle, which were used for clearing obstacles (See Poland section in the [[BTR-60#Variants|Variants section]] for details).<ref name="softland 3">[http://softland.com.pl/aerojac/aaa/btr60/photo.html softland Police BTR-60PB]{{dead link|date=September 2011}}</ref><ref name="softland 4">[http://www.softland.com.pl/aerojac/aaa/stan_wojenny/sprzet_mo.html APCs of the MO p. 1]{{dead link|date=September 2011}}</ref> When the Milicja Obywatelska was transformed back into [[Policja]] in 1990, all BTR-60PB''s'' had their armament removed. This was because Policja, unlike MO, didn't have a need for weaponry with such a high muzzle velocity - such weapons were dangerous to use in urban areas. The MO needed such weaponry because it was also supposed to carry out anti-partisan operations. Policja used unarmed BTR-60PB''s'' for security during [[European Economy Summit 2004]] in [[Warsaw]], as well as for clearing blockades set up by the [[Samoobrona]] political party. A few Police BTR-60PB''s'' are kept in storage for anti-riot duty as barricade breakers.

 

PRC reversed engineered the BTR-60PB after capturing four examples during the [[Sino-Soviet border conflict]] on [[Zhenbao Island]] in March 1969. The program was completed in the late 1970s. However, the vehicle did not enter service in large numbers because the PRC's primitive road system and rugged terrain meant that the wheeled APC wasn't well suited for the Chinese conditions as it lacked the cross country capability of the tracked APCs in the Chinese inventory.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/> It should be noted though that, before the [[Sino-Soviet split]], the PRC imported 100 BTR-40''s'' and 100 BTR-152''s'' from the USSR and manufactured copies of those vehicles; and these served with the PLA until the mid-1990s.<ref name="SIPRI"/><ref name="Global Security PRC">[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/pla-inventory.htm People's Liberation Army]. Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved on 21 September 2011.</ref> The experience gained through reverse-engineering the BTR-60 helped the PRC in developing other more advanced wheeled APCs later in the 1980s.

 

 

* 1955 - 1975 - [[Vietnam War]]

* 1966 - 1991 - [[South African Border War]] (Angola, Cuba)

* 2014–present - [[War in Donbass]] (Ukraine and Pro-Russian rebel forces)

 

 

* '''BTR-60P''' (1959) (P stands for ''plavajushhijj'' – "swimming")<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/> – Initial version with troop compartment completely exposed and often covered with bows and canvas. The vehicle has mounting points for three 7.62&nbsp;mm machine guns (either the [[PKT]], the [[SGMB]] or the PKB tank/medium/general-purpose machine guns), one on the front and one on each side between the two small doors; however, only one mount is fitted, and that is usually on the front mounting point. The vehicle carries 2,000 machine gun rounds.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/><ref name="Pancerni 1"/><ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/> It was also known under the designation '''GAZ-49'''.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/>

** '''BTR-60P''' with a modified machine gun mounting point in the front to fit the [[DShK|DShK 1938/46]] 12.7&nbsp;mm heavy machine gun like in BTR-60PA instead of the 7.62&nbsp;mm machine gun. The vehicle carries 500 rounds for the [[DShK|DShK 1938/46]] 12.7&nbsp;mm heavy machine gun and 3,000 rounds for 7.62&nbsp;mm machine guns.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 1"/><ref name="Gary's Combat Vehicle Reference Guide"/><ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>

** '''BTR-60P''' converted into a mortar carrier. It can carry up to two mortars, along with their crews and ammunition.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>

** '''MTR-2''' – BTR-60P converted into a repair vehicle with a raised tarpaulin cover over the troop compartment running almost to the rear.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>

* '''BTR-60PA''' (1963) – This version has an armoured roof over the troop compartment. It is fitted with improved 'closed-down' vision devices for the crew. Behind the commander's and driver's hatches is a single rear-opening rectangular hatch in front of which is a single mount for the [[DShK|DShK 1938/46]] 12.7&nbsp;mm heavy machine gun between the two circular crew hatches at the front of the personnel compartment and two optional mounts for 7.62&nbsp;mm machine guns (either the [[PKT]], the [[SGMB]] or the PKB tank/medium/general-purpose machine guns) on each side of the roof of the personnel compartment. Early production BTR-60PAs only had a single mount for the 7.62&nbsp;mm machine gun between the two circular crew hatches at the front of the personnel compartment. The small doors on each side of the hull that were present in the BTR-60P were removed. The BTR-60PA introduced collective NBC protection system to the series. It has six handrails on the each side, in rows of three. The personnel compartment has two rectangular hatches. The fact that the roof has been added makes passengers more vulnerable to enemy fire while they're exiting the vehicle through the top hatches. Also, the gunner must be at least shoulder high out of the vehicle to operate the weapons. The vehicle carries 500 rounds for the [[DShK|DShK 1938/46]] 12.7&nbsp;mm heavy machine gun and 3,000 rounds for 7.62&nbsp;mm machine guns. The weight of the vehicle increased from 9.8 tonnes to 10.2 tonnes. It was also known under the designation '''BTR-60PK''', where K stands for ''krisha'' – "roof" and '''GAZ-49A'''.<ref name="Gary's Combat Vehicle Reference Guide"/><ref name="opfor"/><ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/><ref name="Czołgi Świata 2"/>

** '''BTR-60PA-1''' (1965) – Upgraded BTR-60PA with improved power plant and transmission and the R-123 radio instead of the R-113. The weight of the vehicle increased from 10.2 tonnes to 10.3 tonnes. It entered service in very small numbers.<ref name="Pancerni 1"/><ref name="Czołgi Świata 2"/>

** '''MTP-2''' (MTP stands for ''mashina tekhnicheskoj pomoshchi'') – BTR-60PA converted into a technical support vehicle based on the BTR-60PA. It is equipped with a crane mounted on the front of the hull. While in transport, the crane is carried on the left-hand side of the vehicle. It's also fitted with several stowage boxes, two on the roof behind the front hatches, one smaller on the front of the right-hand side of the hull and two over the engine decks. It is also missing two or three hand rails.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>

** '''BTR-60PAI''' (1965) – Initial version with the [[DShK|DShK 1938/46]] 12.7&nbsp;mm heavy machine gun replaced by the conical BPU-1 turret from the [[BRDM-2]], which is armed with the [[KPVT]] 14.5&nbsp;mm heavy machine gun and the [[PKT]] 7.62&nbsp;mm coaxial tank machine gun, on the top of the vehicle. The turret is placed over the second axle. The two remaining mountings for 7.62&nbsp;mm machine guns on the upper hull sides were removed. Since the turret has been added, the crew had increased from two to three (commander, driver, and gunner). There are two semicircular hatches for the crew in front of the turret. The vehicle carries 500 rounds for the KPVT 14.5&nbsp;mm heavy machine gun and 3,000 rounds for the [[PKT]] 7.62&nbsp;mm coaxial tank machine gun.<ref name="Gary's Combat Vehicle Reference Guide"/><ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>

* '''BTR-60PB''' (1966) – Improved sighting system for 14.5&nbsp;mm [[KPVT]] heavy machine gun and improved GAZ-49B engine. The turret was modified to include a new telescopic sight, the 14.5&nbsp;mm [[KPVT]] heavy machine gun and the 7.62&nbsp;mm [[PKT]] coaxial light machine gun were moved to the right, while the telescopic sight was mounted coaxially to the left. The armour protection has also been improved. The frontal armour of the BTR-60PB can withstand fire from 7.62&nbsp;mm bullets from any range, while the rest of its armour can withstand fire from 7.62&nbsp;mm bullets from 100 m. It has a filtration and over pressurization system for NBC protection. It also has self-sealing tires, a central tire inflation system and antennae mount on the right hand side of the rear of the roof. It has a side door in the left side of the front part of the troop compartment. Some BTR-60PBs also lack one of the firing ports on the left side of the hull. Late production BTR-60PBs have the same sighting improvement as the BTR-70, which consists of a small additional episcope sight, which faces to the rear on the turret roof. The vehicle carries 500 rounds for 14.5&nbsp;mm [[KPVT]] heavy machine gun and 3,000 rounds for 7.62&nbsp;mm [[PKT]] coaxial light machine gun.<ref name="Pancerni 1"/><ref name="Gary's Combat Vehicle Reference Guide"/><ref name="opfor"/><ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/> It was also known under the designation '''GAZ-49B'''.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 2"/>

** '''BTR-60PB''' produced during the BTR-80 production run. It has a side door in the right side of the front part of the troop compartment.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>

*** '''BTR-60 1V19-1''' – Modernized model.

** '''BTR-60 R-145BM''' – BTR-60PB converted into a turret-less communications vehicle and equipped with five radio sets: two R-111 or R-171, one R-123 or R-173, one R-130M, and one R-012M.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 2"/>

** '''BTR-60PU-12 (9S482)''' (''punkt upravleniya'') (1972) – BTR-60PB converted into an air defense command vehicle and used by units equipped with [[ZSU-23-4]], [[SA-9]] or [[SA-13]]. The turret was removed and the vehicle was fitted with the AMU telescope mast on the right side of the front hull roof and the AB1-P/30 1&nbsp;kW generator on top of the blanking plate.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 2"/> The vehicle is equipped with the 1G13 gyroscope, the KP-4 navigation apparatus and the ASPD-12 computer. Often, the PU-12 is connected to a radar and the radar image is directly visible on the vehicle's IT-45 monitor. BTR-60PU-12M can process up to 12 targets.

*** '''BTR-60PU-12M (9S482M)''' – Modernized model developed in the 1980s for units equipped with more modern SAM systems.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 2"/> This model is equipped with the more modern ASPD-U computer instead of the ASPD-12 and with the S 23-1 data processing unit connected to the MP-21, MP-22, Strela-10M, Osa-AK etc. BTR-60PU-12M can process up to 99 targets instead of only 12.

** '''BTR-60R-156BTR''' – BTR-60PB converted into a HF signals vehicle used on the operational level. It is equipped with the R-156 HF radio and two other radio sets: R-405 and R-123.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 2"/>

** '''BTR-60R-409BM''' – BTR-60PB converted into a radio relay station similar to the BTR-60R-419BR equipped with the R-409 radio set.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 2"/>

** '''BTR-60E-351BR''' – BTR-60PB converted into a battery charger vehicle used by signals units. It is equipped with a 20&nbsp;kW generator.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 2"/> The vehicle has an extra seat and carries fuel inside for the generator.

** '''BTR-60P-238BT''' – BTR-60PB converted into a switchboard vehicle<ref name="Czołgi Świata 2"/> (''kompleksnaya apparatnaya telegrafnoj svyazi'').

* '''[[BTR-70]]'''

 

* '''BTR-60PBM''' – BTR-60PB modernization fitted with a new engine in a new, bigger engine compartment similar to the one in the [[BTR-80]]. The exhaust pipes are also similar, if not identical, to the ones in BTR-80s. The right side of the hull has been altered: a side door with a small hand rail for the troop compartment was added, four out of five handrails were removed (the exception being the lower front one), the firing ports were replaced with one located next to the gunner's station and a stowage box was added next to the engine compartment.<ref>[http://www.armyrecognition.com/customer/thierry/russia/btr60pbm_01.jpg BTR-60PBM]. None. Retrieved on 21 September 2011.</ref> The modernization is done by the Arzamas Engineering Plant.<ref>[http://www.innov.ru/nnbe/15/085-1-e.htm Нижегородская деловая энциклопедия 2008]. Innov.ru. Retrieved on 21 September 2011.</ref>

* '''MWS''' – Another upgrade of the BTR-60 was developed by Muromteplovoz JSC. This one is powered by the YaMZ-236A 195&nbsp;hp diesel engine in a much bigger engine compartment, with a service hatch on the rear side and only one exhaust pipe, on the left side. The first prototype – sometimes called '''BTR-60BD''' – was in fact an upgraded R-145BM command vehicle. The vehicle that was shown during IDELF-2006 in Moscow was a modified BTR-60PB with the original machine gun turret replaced by the MB2 modular turret with a 2A42 30mm gun.<ref name="APA">[http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-9K35-Strela-10.html Air Power Australia 9K35]. Ausairpower.net (30 May 2011). Retrieved on 21 September 2011.</ref><ref>[http://worldwide-defence.blogspot.com/2011/04/idelf-2006-defence-exhibition.html IDELF 2006 defence exhibition]. Worldwide-defence.blogspot.com (23 April 2011). Retrieved on 21 September 2011.</ref>

* '''BTR-60PPM''' – BTR-60PB converted into a civilian armoured firefighting vehicle. The turret and center hand rails were removed, as were the steel covers for the windshields. The firing ports were all blocked, as were the periscopes. Three windows were added on each side of the hull. It was fitted with a crate on top of the hull. It also carries an A-crane on the right side of the hull.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>

 

 

 

* '''BTR-60PAU''' – BTR-60PA converted into an artillery command vehicle equipped with 4 whip antennas.

** '''BTR-60PB-MD3''' – Export BTR-60PB-MD variant fitted with the KamAZ diesel engine, different sights, eight smoke grenade launchers in right-hand corner of the front of the hull and six on the turret (three on each side). It is also known under the designation '''BTR-60PB-MD2'''.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/> The prototype, shown in 2004, was based on the BTR-60PA.

 

 

 

* '''BTR-60PA'''<ref>Suomen panssarivaunut 1918–1997 (The Finnish armored vehicle 1918–1997), page 120, Esa Muikku ja Jukka Purhonen, Apali, www.apali.fi</ref>

* '''BTR-60PB''' fitted with stowage racks over the engine decks.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>

Finland bought later two [[BTR-80]]s for testing out a replacement but ended up buying the domestic XA-180 series of vehicles, known later as [[Patria Pasi]].

 

<ref>Gau L-R., Plate J., Siegert J. (2001) ''Deutsche Militärfahrzeuge – Bundeswehr und NVA''. Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 3-613-02152-8</ref><ref>* East-German army manual ''Nachrichtenmittel auf SPW 60 PB''</ref>

* '''SPW-60P''' (SPW stands for ''Schützenpanzerwagen'') – NVA designator for BTR-60P.<ref name="SIPRI"/>

** '''P-241BT''' – Switchboard vehicle (''kompleksnaya apparatnaya telegrafnoj svyazi'') SAS- and Chiffrier Services

 

* '''Sedad''' - Version of the BTR-60PB with the turret replaced with a 23mm [[ZU-23-2]] cannon installed with an optical device and [[CCD camera]] to allow the gunner to fire from inside the vehicle with day/night firing capability.<ref>[http://www.armyrecognition.com/august_2014_global_defense_security_news_uk/iranian_armed_forces_unveiled_new_btr-60_personnel_carrier_armed_with_sedad_23mm_cannon_2808141.html Iranian Armed forces unveiled new BTR-60 personnel carrier armed with Sedad 23mm cannon] - Armyrecognition.com, 28 August 2014</ref>

 

* '''BTR-60PB''' fitted with the CARDOM 120/81&nbsp;mm mortar system in its troop compartment.<ref name="Czołgi Świata 3"/> The turret and the roof over the troop compartment have been removed. The roof over the crew compartment along with both hatches remains. A ladder was added to at least one side of the hull to allow easier mounting and dismounting. It was designed by Soltam.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>

* '''BTR-60''' upgrade designed by Nimda fitting it with new power unit and automatic transmission which improves both mobility and reliability.<ref>[http://www.nimda.co.il/projects2.html Nimda Group Ltd. – commercial and military systems in energy, transportation and automotive applications]{{dead link|date=September 2011}}</ref>

* '''BTR-60''' modernization designed by Saymar. Following operations are carried out as a part of this modernization: Removing of all of the vehicle's systems and parts. Adding a bolted on superstructure with two hatches in its front, going all the way from the front hatches to the engine compartment which is necessary to adapt the vehicle to the new systems and parts (The engine compartment now externally resembles the one Russian MWS however it doesn't have a service hatch in the back and is angled near the top, also it too has rear lights mounted on both sides of the engine compartment although the lights themselves are different.). Sand blasting and repainting the hull. Resembling the vehicle with new and improved systems and parts as well as installing a new split transfer box that includes a limited split differential and a monitoring system allowing driving in rough terrain and improving the cross-country capabilities. Replacing the two GAZ-40P petrol engines with a single Caterpillar diesel engine developing 300&nbsp;hp. Fitting a number of new parts for the new engine including a clutch system, split gear case, axillary engine systems, cooling systems, air inlet system, exhaust system. Converting and adapting a new fuel system for the diesel engine and integrating new and bigger fuel tanks to increase the maximum operational range. Installing a new and advanced electrical system including an advance control panel as well as replacement of all internal and external lighting. Increasing the driver's field of view by installing a rear view camera with an LCD screen. Improving the man-machine interface. The vehicle is armed with a pintle-mounted [[M2 machine gun|M2]] heavy machine gun in the front and a second machine gun of a smaller caliber mounted on a "ring" in the rear. The rear machine gun is controlled from the inside, uses the "ring" to move and can rotate a full 360°. The vehicle als has two whip antennas in the front part of the superstructure. The modernization can also be applied to the [[BTR-70]].<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7SBe6Ulq7rw Saymar'&#39;s'&#39; BTR-60 and BTR-70 modernization program promotional video]. Youtube.com (31 August 2009). Retrieved on 21 September 2011.</ref>

 

* '''APC-70''' – Turret-less APC used by the [[Mexican Naval Infantry|Mexican marines]], based on a civilian variant of the BTR-60 without firing ports, periscopes and with additional bulletproof windows. Armament consists of a single machine gun (either the [[Heckler & Koch HK21]] or [[FN MAG|FN MAG-58]] 7.62) or a [[Mk 19 grenade launcher]]. It is also known under the designation '''BTR-60PB-MX'''.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>

** '''APC-70''' fitted with an A-frame crane.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>

 

* '''BTR-60PB''' copy designed through reverse engineering.

 

* '''BTR-60PB''' fitted with an additional radio set.<ref name="ZOMO Equipment"/><ref name="softland 3"/><ref name="softland 4"/>

** '''BTR-60PB''' modified by the MSW automobile plant for use during the martial law in Poland by ZOMO fitted with a two-sided breaker, weighting 1.5 tonnes, mounted to the front of the vehicle and a counter weight mounted to the rear of the vehicle. The breaker itself is made out of rail tracks and a dozen mm thick plate. It also has an additional protection on the OU-3 infrared searchlight as well as aerial seatbelts for the driver and commander.<ref name="ZOMO Equipment"/><ref name="softland 3"/><ref name="softland 4"/>

 

{{Main|TAB (Armoured Personnel Carrier)}}

* '''TAB-71''' (TAB stands for ''transportor amfibiu blindat'' – "amphibious armored carrier") – Romanian license -produced variant of BTR-60PB fitted with two more powerful SR-225 gasoline engines developing 140&nbsp;hp (104&nbsp;kW) each instead of the old GAZ-40P''s''. It is equipped with additional periscopes, a protected sight on the left side of the turret and a front-mounted winch with a capacity of 5.5 tonnes.<ref name="Pancerni 2"/><ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/><ref name="Czołgi Świata 3"/>

** '''TAB-71M''' – Modernized TAB-71 fitted with two [[Saviem]] 797-05 diesel engines developing 130&nbsp;hp (97&nbsp;kW) each from the TAB-77 APC in a larger engine compartment and "suicide hatches" between the 2nd and 3rd wheels. It also has horizontal engine decks and exhausts.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/><ref name="Czołgi Świata 3"/> It is also known as '''TAB-72'''.<ref name="SIPRI"/>

** '''TERA-71L''' (''tractor de evacuare şi reparat auto'') – ARV equipped with a crane and a dozer blade.<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>

 

 

* {{flagcountry|Abkhazia}} – 5 BTR-60''s'' and BTR-70''s''.

* {{AFG}} -<ref name="Czołgi Świata 4"/> 600 BTR-60PB''s'' were ordered in 1978 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1979 and 1986 (the vehicles were probably previously in Soviet service).<ref name="SIPRI"/> A number of BTR-60''s'' bought from Russia in 2002.<ref>[http://www.rustrana.ru/article.php?nid=29126 Defence Express News – РОССИЯ И АФГАНИСТАН ВЫПОЛНЯЮТ ДОГОВОРЕННОСТИ, ЗАКЛЮЧЕННЫЕ МЕЖДУ ВОЕННЫМИ ВЕДОМСТВАМИ ДВУХ СТРАН В КАБУЛЕ В 2002 Г]</ref> 300 BTR-60''s'' are currently in service.

* {{flagcountry|Congo}} -<ref name="Czołgi Świata 4"/> 28 BTR-60PB''s'' were ordered in 1984 from the Soviet Union and delivered in 1984 (the vehicles were probably previously in Soviet service).<ref name="SIPRI"/> Currently 30 BTR-60''s'' are in service.

* {{CRO}} – 16 TAB-71''s'' captured from [[Yugoslav People's Army|JNA]] and later scrapped. In 1998 there were 17 [[MT-LB]]''s'', [[BOV (APC)|BOV]]''s'' and LOV variants in service with the Croatian army and BTR-60''s'' in service with the police.<ref name="vojska">[http://www.vojska.net/eng/armed-forces/croatia/equipment/armor/ Croatian Armor]. Vojska.net. Retrieved on 21 September 2011.</ref>

* {{CUB}} -<ref name="Czołgi Świata 4"/> 150 BTR-60P''s'' were ordered in 1961 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1962 and 1964.<ref name="SIPRI"/> Cuba also bought a number of BTR-60PB''s''. 10 BTR-60PU-12''s'' were ordered along with 40 [[9K31]] SAM systems in 1984 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1985 and 1986.<ref name="SIPRI"/> Currently 400 BTR-60''s'' are in service.

* {{DJI}} -<ref name="Czołgi Świata 4"/> 12 BTR-60PB''s'' ordered in 1979 from Iraq and received as aid in 1980 (the vehicles were previously in Iraqi service).<ref name="SIPRI"/> 1 was later fitted with a turret from the French [[Panhard AML|AML-90]] light armoured car. (See [[BTR-60#Djibouti|Djibouti section]] for details).<ref name="Czołgi Świata 4"/><ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/>

* {{LBR}} – 8 TAB-71''s'' ordered in 1986 from Romania and delivered in 1987 (the vehicles were previously in Romanian service, part of a deal worth $4 million).<ref name="SIPRI"/>

* {{LBY}} -<ref name="Czołgi Świata 4"/> 100 BTR-60PB''s'' were ordered in 1974 from the Soviet Union and delivered in 1975. 60 BTR-60PB''s'' were ordered in 1976 from the Soviet Union and delivered in 1976.<ref name="SIPRI"/> At peak there were 750 BTR-60''s'' in service. 700 [[BTR-50]]''s'' and BTR-60''s'' were in service in 1986.<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/libya/army-equip.htm Army Equipment]. Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved on 21 September 2011.</ref> Currently 540 [[BTR-50]]''s'' and BTR-60''s'' are in service.<ref>[http://www.armyrecognition.com/libya/libya_libyan_modern_army_land_ground_forces_military_equipment_armoured_vehicle_information_descript.html Libyan army] armyrecognition.come</ref>

* {{LIT}} -<ref name="Czołgi Świata 4"/><ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/> 15 BTR-60PB''s'' (in some sources – BTR-60PA)<ref>[http://disarmament.un.org/UN_REGISTER.nsf/Overall%20participation?OpenView&Start=88&Count=30&Expand=89&BaseTarget=Frame3#89 UN Register of Conventional Arms]. Disarmament.un.org. Retrieved on 21 September 2011.</ref> were ordered in 1992 from Russia and delivered in 1992 (the vehicles were previously in Soviet and later Russian service, some lacked their armament).<ref name="SIPRI"/> 14 BTR-60PB''s'' were bought in 1995 from Russia. There were 27 BTR-60PB''s'' in service in 2006 and 2007.<ref name="Deagel"/> Currently 20 BTR-60''s'' are in service.

* {{flagcountry|Macedonia}} – Currently 35 are in service.

* {{RWA}} -<ref>[http://www.armyrecognition.com/rwanda_rwandan_army_uk/rwanda_rwandan_army_land_ground_forces_military_equipment_armoured_vehicle_pictures_information_desc.html Ruandan army] armyrecognition.com</ref>

* {{SADR|Polisario}} -<ref>[http://personal5.iddeo.es/jesusm1/fpolisario.html Frente Polisario]</ref>

* {{SOM}} -<ref name="JED The Military Equipment Directory"/> 10 BTR-60PB''s'' were ordered in 1976 from the Soviet Union and delivered in 1976.<ref name="SIPRI"/> 5 are currently in service.

* {{SUD}} -<ref name="Czołgi Świata 4"/>

* {{ZAM}} -<ref name="Czołgi Świata 4"/> 13 BTR-60PB''s'' were ordered in 1979 from the Soviet Union and delivered in 1980 (the vehicles were probably previously in Soviet service, part of the deal worth between $72 million and $100 million).<ref name="SIPRI"/> Currently 13 are in service.

 

* {{CZS}} -<ref name="Pancerni 1"/> 28 BTR-60PU-12''s'' were ordered along with 28 [[9K31]] SAM batteries in 1979 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1980 and 1989. 5 BTR-60PU-12''s'' were ordered in 1982 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1982 and 1984 (used in 5 [[9K33]]M Osa-M SAM batteries). 25 BTR-60PU-12''s'' were ordered in 1984 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1984 and 1990 (used in 25 [[9K35 Strela-10]] SAM batteries).<ref name="SIPRI"/>

* {{Flagu|East Germany}} -<ref name="Czołgi Świata 4"/> 1,500 SPW-60P''s'', SPW-60PA''s'' and SPW-60PB''s'' were ordered in 1963 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1965 and 1970. 24 BTR-60PU-12''s'' were ordered along with 24 [[9K31]] SAM batteries in 1978 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1979 and 1984.<ref name="SIPRI"/> 260 SPW-60PA''s'' and 2,000 SPW-60PB''s'' (including variants) were passed on to the unified German state.

* {{ZAI}} – 10 BTR-60PB''s'' were ordered in 1980 from an unknown supplier and delivered in 1980 (the vehicles were probably second-hand).<ref name="SIPRI"/> Passed on to the successor state.

 

* [[OT-64 SKOT]] – Polish/Czechoslovak equivalent to the Soviet BTR-60

* [[BTR-70]] - Successor to the BTR-60

* [[BTR-90]]

 

{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

 

* Hull, A.W., Markov, D.R., Zaloga, S.J. (1999) ''Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices 1945 to Present''. Darlington Productions. ISBN 1-892848-01-5.

* A.V. Karpenko (1996) ''Obozreniye Bronetankovoj Tekhniki (1905–1995 gg.)'' Nevskij Bastion

 

{{commons}}

 

{{Modern IFV and APC}}

 

{{DEFAULTSORT:Btr-60}}