Emigrasi dari Eropa: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Dari 1815-1932, 60 juta orang meninggalkan Eropa (dengan banyak yang kembali pulang), terutama untuk "daerah pemukiman Eropa," di [[Amerika Utara]] dan Selatan (terutama ke [[Amerika Serikat]], [[Kanada]], [[Argentina]] dan [[BrazilBrasil]]), [[Australia]], [[Selandia Baru]] dan . [[Siberia]]<ref name="European Migration"/> populasi ini juga dikalikan dengan cepat di habitat baru mereka; jauh melebihi daripada populasi [[Afrika]] dan [[Asia]]. Akibatnya, menjelang [[Perang Dunia Pertama]], 38% dari total populasi dunia adalah keturunan Eropa. <ref name="European Migration">{{cite web|title=European Migration and Imperialism|publisher= |accessdate=14 September 2013|author= |url=http://historydoctor.net/Advanced%20Placement%20European%20History/Notes/european_migration_and_imperiali.htm|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20101122193228/http://historydoctor.net/Advanced%20Placement%20European%20History/Notes/european_migration_and_imperiali.htm|archivedate=22 November 2010|quote=The population of Europe entered its third and decisive stage in the early eighteenth century. Birthrates declined, but death rates also declined as the standard of living and advances in medical science provided for longer life spans. The population of Europe including Russia more than doubled from 188 million in 1800 to 432 million in 1900. From 1815 through 1932, sixty million people left Europe, primarily to "areas of European settlement," in North and South America, Australia, New Zealand and Siberia. These populations also multiplied rapidly in their new habitat; much more so than the populations of Africa and Asia. As a result, on the eve of World War One (1914), 38 percent of the world’s total population was of European ancestry. This growth in population provided further impetus for European expansion, and became the driving force behind emigration. Rising populations put pressure on land, and land hunger and led to "land hunger." Millions of people went abroad in search of work or economic opportunity. The Irish, who left for America during the great Potato famine, were an extreme but not unique example. Ultimately, one third of all European migrants came from the British Isles between 1840 and 1920. Italians also migrated in large numbers because of poor economic conditions in their home country. German migration also was steady until industrial conditions in Germany improved when the wave of migration slowed. Less than one half of all migrants went to the United States, although it absorbed the largest number of European migrants. Others went to Asiatic Russia, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Australia and New Zealand.}}</ref>

== Migrasi awal ==

* '''[[Sejarah kuno|Jaman dahulu]]'''

* '''[[Abad pertengahan]]'''

== Periode kolonial ==

Penemuan benua Amerika pada tahun 1492 mendorong aliran migrasi sukarela dari Eropa. Sekitar 200.000 orang Spanyol menetap di koloni mereka di Amerika sebelum 1600, sebuah pemukiman kecil dibandingkan dengan 3-4 juta [[Amerindian]] yang tinggal di wilayah teritorial Spanyol di Amerika. Di [[BrazilBrasil]] emigrasi Eropa relatif sangat kecil dalam dua abad pertama penjajahan: antara tahun 1500 dan 1700, hanya 100.000 Portugis menetap di sana. Namun, perkembangan ekonomi pertambangan pada abad ke-18 yang mengangkat upah dan kesempatan kerja di koloni Portugis dan membuat emigrasi tumbuh: pada abad ke-18 saja, sekitar 400.000 Portugis menetap di Brazil, menjadi emigrasi massal mengingat bahwa Portugal hanya memiliki populasi 2 juta orang. Di [[Amerika Utara]] imigrasi didominasi oleh orang [[Inggris]], [[Irlandia]] dan [[Eropa Utara]] lainnya.<ref name="Boris Fauto. Fazer a América: a imigração em massa para a América Latina ">Boris Fautos - Fazer a América: a imigração em massa para a América Latina."</ref>

=== Emigrasi pasca kemerdekaan ===

Emigrasi Eropa massal ke Amerika terjadi pada abad ke-19 dan ke-20. Setelah akhir [[Perang Napoleon]] sampai 1920, sekitar 60 juta orang Eropa (dan 10 juta orang [[Asia]]) beremigrasi. Dari jumlah tersebut, 71% pergi ke [[Amerika Utara]], 21% ke [[Amerika Latin]] (terutama [[Argentina]] dan [[BrazilBrasil]]) dan 7% untuk [[Australia]]. Sekitar 11 juta orang-orang ini pergi ke [[Amerika Latin]], di antaranya 38% adalah orang [[Italia]], 28% adalah orang-orang [[Spanyol]] dan 11% adalah orang [[Portugis]].<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20110409105828/http://www.cchla.ufpb.br/saeculum/saeculum11_art08_canovas.pdf A GRANDE IMIGRAÇÃO EUROPÉIA PARA O BRASIL E O IMIGRANTE ESPANHOL NO CENÁRIO DA CAFEICULTURA PAULISTA: ASPECTOS DE UMA (IN)VISIBILIDADE]</ref>

== Referensi ==