Wikipedia

Taipan pedalaman: Perbedaan antara revisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnyaRevisi selanjutnya →
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
k Robot: Perubahan kosmetika
Baris 20:
| range_map = Fierce Snake Range.jpg
| range_map_width = 250px
| range_map_caption = Sebaran umum taipan pedalaman (merah). Sebaran terdokumentasi terkini dari hewan ini lebih terbatas<ref name= "Animals of Queensland">Animals of Queensland. [http://www.qm.qld.gov.au/Find+out+about/Animals+of+Queensland/Reptiles/Snakes/Common+and+dangerous+species/Western+Taipan Western Taipan ''Oxyuranus microlepidotus'']. [[Queensland Museum]]. Retrieved November 8, 2013.</ref><ref name= "Australian Reptile Online Database">Australian Reptile Online Database (28 March 2007). [http://www.arod.com.au/arod/reptilia/Squamata/Elapidae/Oxyuranus/microlepidotus?tab=distribution Inland taipan distribution]. arod.com.au. Retrieved November 8, 2013.</ref><ref name= "Atlas of Living Australia 1">[http://bie.ala.org.au/species/Inland+Taipan ''Oxyuranus microlepidotus'' (McCoy, 1879) Western Taipan]. [[Atlas of Living Australia]]. Retrieved November 8, 2013.</ref>
| synonyms = *''Diemenia microlepidota'' <br><small>[[Frederick McCoy|F. McCoy]], 1879</small>
*''Diemenia ferox'' <br><small>[[William John Macleay|Macleay]], 1882</small>
Baris 26:
*''Parademansia microlepidota'' <br><small>— [[:fr:James Roy Kinghorn|Kinghorn]], 1955</small>
*''Oxyuranus scutellatus microlepidotus'' <br><small>— [[Eric Worrell|Worrell]], 1963 </small>
*''Oxyuranus microlepidotus'' <br><small>— [[Jeanette Covacevich|Covacevich]] et al., 1981</small><ref name= "Fohlman, J">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0041-0101(79)90296-4 |title=Comparison of two highly toxic Australian snake venoms: The taipan (''Oxyuranus s. scutellatus'') and the fierce snake (''Parademansia microlepidotus'') |year=1979 |last1=Fohlman |first1=J. |journal=Toxicon |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=170–2 |pmid=442105}}</ref>
}}
 
'''Taipan pedalaman''' (''Oxyuranus microlepidotus''), juga dikenal secara umum di [[Australia]] sebagai '''Taipan barat''', '''Ular sisik kecil''' atau '''Ular garang''',<ref name= "INCHEM">White, Julian (November 1991). [http://www.inchem.org/documents/pims/animal/taipan.htm ''Oxyuranus microlepidotus''] . "Neurotoxic paralysis usually takes 2-4 hours to become clinically detectable. Coagulopathy however may become well established within 30 minutes of a bite" [[International Programme on Chemical Safety]]. Retrieved November 8, 2013.</ref> adalah jenis ular senawan yang [[Ular berbisa|sangat mematikan]] dari marga ''Oxyuranus'' ([[Taipan]]) suku [[Elapidae]] yang endemik di wilayah semi-gersang di Australia bagian tengah.<ref name="ANIMAL SPECIES:Inland Taipan">Cecilie Beatson (November 29, 2011). [http://australianmuseum.net.au/Inland-Taipan ANIMAL SPECIES:Inland Taipan] [[Australian Museum]]. Retrieved October 14, 2013.</ref> Suku Aborigin yang hidup di wilayah tersebut menamai ular ini '''Dandarabilla'''.<ref name= "History & Discovery">Queensland Snakes . [http://web.archive.org/web/20090613091835/http://www.qm.qld.gov.au/features/snakes/taipan/discovery.asp History & Discovery]. (archived) [[Queensland Museum]]. Retrieved November 15, 2013.</ref>
 
== Etimologi ==
Nama spesifiknya, ''microlepidotus'', berasal dari kata ''micro''="kecil" dan ''lepidos''="sisik", merujuk pada sisik dorsalnya yang berukuran kecil.<ref name="ARODI35">http://www.arod.com.au/arod/reptilia/Squamata/Elapidae/Oxyuranus/microlepidotus</ref>
 
== Penemuan spesimen ==
Ular ini pertama kali ditemukan oleh [[Frederick McCoy]] di tahun 1879 lalu dideskripsikan oleh [[William John Macleay]] di tahun 1882, namun untuk 90 tahun kedepan, hewan ini merupakan misteri bagi [[Komunitas ilmiah]] karena selama 90 tahun itu tidak ada lagi penemuan spesimen, dan hakekatnya tidak ada lagi tambahan [[Pengetahuan]] ilmiah mengenai hewan ini sampai akhirnya reptil ini ditemukan kembali di tahun 1972.<ref name="History & Discovery" /><ref name= "Rediscovery">Rediscovery. [http://web.archive.org/web/20090613092123/http://www.qm.qld.gov.au/features/snakes/taipan/rediscovery.asp The Rediscovery of the Western Taipan]. (archived) [[Queensland Museum]]. Retrieved November 15, 2013.</ref>
 
== Deskripsi fisik ==
[[ImageBerkas:Fierce Snake.jpg|thumb|220px|left|Warna cokelat gelap dengan kepala dan leher berwarna hitam pada musim dingin]]
[[ImageBerkas:FierceSnakeOlive.jpg|thumb|220px|left|Warna kuning terang, termasuk kepala dan leher; pada musim panas]]
Panjang ular ini mencapai 2,5 meter. Namun yang sering ditemui panjangnya 1,8 meter.<ref name="RPDFS">{{cite web|url=http://www.reptilepark.com.au/animals.asp?catID=16&ID=112|title=Fierce Snake (Inland Taipan)|publisher=Australian Reptile Park|accessdate=2009-11-07}}</ref> Sisik dorsal berjumlah 23 baris di bagian tengah tubuh, ventral 220-250 dengan sisik anal tunggal, subkaudal 55-70 dan seluruhnya terbagi di tengah.<ref name="ARODI35"/>
 
Warna tubuh ular ini biasanya cokelat tua atau oranye gelap, namun itu tergantung pada musim. Tidak seperti kebanyakan ular, warna tubuh ular ini selalu berubah setiap pergantian musim. Pada musim dingin, warna tubuhnya cenderung cokelat gelap dengan kepala dan tengkuk (leher belakang) berwarna hitam mengkilap. Sedangkan pada musim panas, warna ini memudar menjadi oranye-kuning cerah atau kuning pucat dengan kepala dan tengkuk berwarna sama dengan badannya.<ref name="RPDFS"/>
 
== Bisa ==
Taipan pedalaman dianggap sebagai ular paling berbisa di dunia; berdasarkan nilai [[Median dosis letal]] dalam tikus, untuk setiap tetes [[Bisa ular|bisanya]], sejauh ini mengandung tingkat racun terbesar dari segala ular - bahkan banyak dugaan racun ular ini lebih kuat daripada [[Ular laut]]<ref name="drop for drop">
* The Australian venom research unit (August 25, 2007). [http://www.avru.org/compendium/biogs/A000084b.htm "Which snakes are the most venomous?"]. [[University of Melbourne]]. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
Baris 51:
* {{cite journal|author=Hodgson WC, Dal Belo CA, Rowan EG |pmid=17313963 |title=The neuromuscular activity of paradoxin: a presynaptic neurotoxin from the venom of the inland taipan (''Oxyuranus microlepidotus'')|quote=The inland taipan is the world's most venomous snake |year=2007 |volume=52 |issue=5 |pages=1229–36 |doi=10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.01.002 |journal=Neuropharmacology}}
* {{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0041-0101(97)00060-3 |title=Some pharmacological studies of venom from the inland taipan (''Oxyuranus microlepidotus'') |quote=The Inland Taipan is believed to have the most toxic venom in the world (Sutherland, 1994) |year=1998 |last1=Bell |first1=Karen L |last2=[[Struan Sutherland|Sutherland]] |first2=Struan K |last3=Hodgson |first3=Wayne C |journal=Toxicon |volume=36 |pages=63–74 |pmid=9604283 |issue=1}}
* Journal of Herpetology Vol.17 no.1 (1983) [http://sydney.edu.au/science/biology/shine/publications/reprints_legal/33taipanecology.pdf Ecology of Highly Venoumous Snakes: the Australian Genus ''Oxyuranus'']. "..the number of mouse LD50 doses per bite is much higher for ''Oxyuranus'' microlepidotus (218,000 mice)...than for any other snakes, including sea snakes, investigated to date (Broad, Sutherland and Coulter, 1979)." (page 1) [[University of Sydney]]. Retrieved November 8, 2013.</ref><ref name= "9 of the World's Deadliest Snakes">
* LISTS . [http://www.britannica.com/list/10/1/1-the-snake-with-the-worlds-deadliest-venom Nine of the World's Deadliest Snakes]. "#1: The snake with the world's deadliest venom - ''Oxyuranus microlepidotus''" . [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]. Retrieved November 5, 2013.
* BBC Nature Wildlife. [http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Inland_Taipan Inland Taipan page]. "Australia's inland taipan is considered to be the most venomous snake in the world". [[BBC]]. Retrieved October 15, 2013.
Baris 58:
* Oakley, Cecily (2011). [http://science.org.au/scientists/interviews/f/fry.html Interview with Associate Professor Bryan Fry Biochemist and molecular biologist]. "...For my PhD, I worked on the inland taipan, which is the world’s most venomous snake..." . [[Australian Academy of Science]]. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
* Fry, Brian site admin (April 10, 2005) [http://www.venomdoc.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=1212&postdays=0&postorder=asc&highlight=inland+taipan&start=0 Most Venomous], Question: " ...I was talking to another herpatolagist and he said the hook nosed sea snake was the most venomous of all" Fry Answers: "The hook nosed myth was due to a fundamental error in a book called 'Snakes in question'. In there, all the toxicity testing results were lumped in together, regardless of the mode of testing (e.g. subcutaneous vs. intramuscular vs intravenous vs intraperitoneal). As the mode can influence the relative number, venoms can only be compared within a mode. Otherwise, its apples and rocks." Venomdoc forums, Retrieved February 25, 2015
* kingsnake.com September Guest Chatter (September 16, 2006).[http://www.connectedbypets.com/articles/BGF.html Q&A with Dr. Bryan Grieg Fry, Deputy Director, Australian Venom Research Unit, University of Melbourne]. "Q: In retrospect to the LD50 charts, what do you personally feel is the hottest snake, in regards to potency, defensiveness, means of injection, etc.? A: It is the inland taipan (''Oxyuranus microlepidotus''). Not, as is popularised, any of the sea snakes." connectedbypets.com. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
* Garden of Eden Exotics (May 2, 2012) [http://nyexotics.blogspot.co.il/2012/05/dr-bryan-grieg-fry-venom-useless-pickup.html Dr. Bryan Grieg Fry – Interview] "...The inland taipan (''Oxyuranus microlepidotus') is far and away the most toxic, much more so than even sea snakes." nyexotics.blogspot.com Retrieved October 14, 2013</ref> – dan hewan ini memiliki bisa paling beracun dari segala [[reptil]] ketika dites pada [[kultur sel]] [[jantung]] manusia.<ref>[http://www.sciencearchive.org.au/scientists/interviews/f/fry.html Fry, Bryan] (February 08, 2005) [http://www.venomdoc.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=1212&postdays=0&postorder=asc&highlight=inland+taipan&start=0 Most Venomous],"Q;I was wondering what snakes venom is the most potent to humans A:Drop for drop it is the inland taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus), which has a venom more toxic than any other land snake or even the sea snakes." venomdoc.com Forums, Retrieved April 17, 2014 </ref><ref>[[Jamie Seymour|Seymour, Jamie]], [http://natgeotv.com.au/tv/worlds-worst-venom/ World's Worst Venom], (Min 44.33) "Among the reptiles tested, the most toxic venom belongs to inland taipan, killing over 60% of heart cells in the first 10 minutes" [[National Geographic Channel]] Retrieved April 17, 2014</ref><ref>[[Jamie Seymour|Seymour, Jamie]], [http://natgeotv.com/uk/australias-most-deadly/videos/venom-deathmatch Venom deathmatch] "They have the most toxic venom towards humans then any other snake in the world" (min 1:49) [[National Geographic Channel]], Retrieved April 17, 2014</ref> Tidak seperti kebanyakan ular lainnya, taipan pedalaman adalah seekor pemburu khas mamalia yang menjadikan bisanya teradaptasi khusus untuk membunuh [[Homoiterm|hewan berdarah panas]].<ref name="warm-blooded">
* Shorter, Damon. [http://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/shorter/story.htm Great Australian bites – Three of the worst]. [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
* [http://www.venomsupplies.com/inland-taipan/ Inland Taipan ''Oxyuranus microlepidotus'']. venomsupplies.com. Retrieved October 18, 2013.</ref> Diperkirakan bahwa satu gigitan mengandung bisa yang cukup untuk membunuh setidaknya 100 manusia dewasa,<ref name= "100 full grown men" >
* Journal of Herpetology Vol.17 no.1 (1983) [http://sydney.edu.au/science/biology/shine/publications/reprints_legal/33taipanecology.pdf Ecology of Highly Venoumous Snakes: the Australian Genus ''Oxyuranus'']. "..the number of mouse LD50 doses per bite is much higher for ''Oxyuranus'' microlepidotus (218,000 mice)...than for any other snakes, including sea snakes, investigated to date (Broad, Sutherland and Coulter, 1979)." (page 1) [[University of Sydney]]. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
* [http://www.australiazoo.com.au/our-animals/amazing-animals/reptiles/?animal=fierce_snake&reptile=venomous_snakes "REPTILES – FIERCE SNAKE"] . [[Australia Zoo]]. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
* Martin, Stella (January 2004). [http://www.wettropics.gov.au/site/user-assets/docs/80VeryVenomousBut.pdf Newsletter No. 80]. "It has been calculated that there is enough venom in just one bite of an Inland taipan to kill more than 100 men of average size." [[Environmental Protection Agency (Queensland)]]. Retrieved October 18, 2013.
* News (September 28, 2012) [http://taronga.org.au/news/2014-06-04/meet-worlds-deadliest-snake-safety Meet the world's deadliest snake in safety], [[Taronga Conservation Society]] Retrieved September 23, 2014
* Carbone, Nick reporting on [[Steve Irwin]] (September 04, 2011). [http://newsfeed.time.com/2011/09/04/remembering-steve-irwin-the-5-most-memorable-crocodile-hunter-videos/ Remembering Steve Irwin: The 5 Most Memorable Crocodile Hunter Videos] "Steve Irwin Plays with Inland Taipan (Fierce Snake)". [[Time (magazine)]]. Retrieved October 15, 2013.</ref> berdasarkan pada sifat gigitannya, ada potensi untuk membunuh seseorang hanya dalam 30-45 menit jika tidak ditangani.<ref name= "30 to 45 minutes">
* Hoy, Tiffany, (July 25, 2012) [http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/science-environment/2012/07/gallery-australias-10-most-dangerous-snakes/10-most-dangerous-snakes-in-australia_image4 Gallery: Australia's 10 most dangerous snakes] , [[Australian Geographic]] retrieved April 02.,2014
* White, Julian (November 1991). [http://www.inchem.org/documents/pims/animal/taipan.htm ''Oxyuranus microlepidotus''] . "Neurotoxic paralysis usually takes 2-4 hours to become clinically detectable. Coagulopathy however may become well established within 30 minutes of a bite" [[International Programme on Chemical Safety]]. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
* Division of Medical Toxicology. [http://toxicology.ucsd.edu/Snakebite%20Protocols/Oxyura~1.htm "Summary for Human Bite by Inland Taipan (''Oxyuranus microlepidotus'')"]. [[University of California, San Diego]]. Retrieved October 15, 2013.
* Welton, Ronelle Ellen (2005) PhD thesis. [http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/11938/4/02Chapters_1-3.pdf Proteomic and genomic characterisation of venom proteins from ''Oxyuranus'' species]. "studies have shown that inland taipan venom has a higher hyaluronidase activity compared to coastal taipan venom" . [[James Cook University]]. Retrieved November 15, 2013.
* Gardiner, Stephanie (September 27, 2012). [http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/mystery-over-boy-bitten-by-worlds-most-venomous-snake-20120927-26may.html "Mystery over boy bitten by world's most venomous snake "]. (Quoting Julie Mendezona, Head keeper of Reptiles and Spiders, [[Australian Reptile Park]]) [[The Sydney Morning Herald]]. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
* News from Australia (September 27, 2012). [http://www.australiantimes.co.uk/news/news-from-australia/news-in-australia/deadly-taipan-snake-may-have-been-a-pet-catcher.htm Deadly Taipan snake may have been a pet: catcher]. (Quoting licensed reptile handler, [http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/wildlifelicences/reptilehandlerlist.pdf Barry Martin]) australiantimes.co.uk. Retrieved October 18, 2013.</ref> Ular ini sangat cepat dan lincah yang bisa menyerang dengan ketepatan yang ektrim,<ref name="extreme accuracy">
* (November 29, 2011). [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_jBFcFVQZk Snake Bite], [[Raymond Hoser]] (Official YouTube channel) retrieved March 31, 2014
* Carbone, Nick reporting on [[Steve Irwin]] (September 04, 2011). [http://newsfeed.time.com/2011/09/04/remembering-steve-irwin-the-5-most-memorable-crocodile-hunter-videos/ Remembering Steve Irwin: The 5 Most Memorable Crocodile Hunter Videos] "Steve Irwin Plays with Inland Taipan (Fierce Snake)". [[Time (magazine)]]. Retrieved October 15, 2013.
* News (October 10, 2013).[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FdxHnZ50XUk Street's Corner: Houdini Heir Tries To Escape World's Deadliest Snake]. [[KABB]] . (KABB "Fox San Antonio" official YouTube Channel). Retrieved November 11, 2013.
* Clinical Toxinology Resources. [http://toxicology.ucsd.edu/Snakebite%20Protocols/Oxyura~1.htm Snakebite Protocols – ''Oxyuranus microlepidotus'']. "'''Signs and Symptoms of Envenomation:''' ''E. Fang Marks:'' The snake strikes with extraordinary speed and accuracy, often snapping its jaws fiercely several times which can result in multiple punctures in the same attack.", "'''Special Considerations:''' ''A. Multiple Bites:'' The Inland Taipan is an extremely fast and agile snake which can strike instantly with extreme accuracy. It is possible for a Taipan to deliver more than one bite in a single attack." [[University of Adelaide]]. Retrieved October 18, 2013</ref> Sering mematuk beberapa kali dalam satu serangan,<ref name="same attack">
* [[Jamie Seymour|Seymour, Jamie]], [http://natgeotv.com/uk/australias-most-deadly/videos/venom-deathmatch Venom deathmatch] The snake demonstrates striking multiple times (min 1:49) [[National Geographic Channel]], Retrieved April 17, 2014
* Cecilie Beatson (November 29, 2011). [http://australianmuseum.net.au/Inland-Taipan ANIMAL SPECIES:Inland Taipan]. [[Australian Museum]]. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
* Clinical Toxinology Resources. [http://toxicology.ucsd.edu/Snakebite%20Protocols/Oxyura~1.htm Snakebite Protocols – ''Oxyuranus microlepidotus'']. "'''Signs and Symptoms of Envenomation:''' ''E. Fang Marks:'' The snake strikes with extraordinary speed and accuracy, often snapping its jaws fiercely several times which can result in multiple punctures in the same attack.", "'''Special Considerations:''' ''A. Multiple Bites:'' The Inland Taipan is an extremely fast and agile snake which can strike instantly with extreme accuracy. It is possible for a Taipan to deliver more than one bite in a single attack." [[University of Adelaide]]. Retrieved October 18, 2013.</ref> dan menyuntikkan bisa dalam setiap kasus gigitan.<ref name=" Dr Geoff Isbister">ABC News 24 (September 27, 2012) . [http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-09-27/hunter-teen-bitten-by-deadly-snake/4282944 Teen hospitalised after bite from deadly Taipan]. (Quoting Toxicologist, [https://research.calvarymater.org.au/meet-our-researchers/geoff-isbister.html Dr Geoff Isbister]) . [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]. Retrieved November 13, 2013.</ref>
 
== Kebiasaan ==
Meski benar-benar berbisa dan menyerang secara berbahaya, berbeda dengan [[Taipan pesisir]] yang cenderung agresif, taipan pedalaman biasanya cukup pemalu dan tertutup, dengan watak yang tenang,<ref name="placid disposition">
* Cecilie Beatson (November 29, 2011). [http://australianmuseum.net.au/Inland-Taipan ANIMAL SPECIES:Inland Taipan] "The venom of the Inland Taipan is extremely potent and is rated as the most toxic of all snake venoms in LD50 tests on mice". [[Australian Museum]]. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
Baris 90:
* Threatened species October 10, 2012. [http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/threatenedSpeciesApp/profile.aspx?id=20169 Fierce Snake – profile]. [[Office of Environment and Heritage (New South Wales)]]. Retrieved October 15, 2013.</ref> Namun hewan ini akan mempertahankan dirinya dan mematuk apabila dipancing,<ref name="strike if provoked">
* * Cecilie Beatson (November 29, 2011). [http://australianmuseum.net.au/Inland-Taipan ANIMAL SPECIES:Inland Taipan] "The venom of the Inland Taipan is extremely potent and is rated as the most toxic of all snake venoms in LD50 tests on mice". [[Australian Museum]]. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
* News (October 10, 2013).[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FdxHnZ50XUk Street's Corner: Houdini Heir Tries To Escape World's Deadliest Snake]. [[KABB]] . (KABB "Fox San Antonio" official YouTube Channel). Retrieved November 11, 2013.
* [[Steve Backshall]] (May 19, 2013) film clip. [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7N-ZlwETll0 The most venemous snake on earth! - Deadly 60 - BBC]. [[BBC Earth]] (official YouTube channel). Retrieved November 14, 2013.</ref> salah ditangani,<ref name="mishandled">
* ABC News 24 (September 28, 2012) . [http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-09-28/taipan-mystery/4285224 'Placid' taipan in safe hands]. (Quoting licensed reptile handler, [http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/wildlifelicences/reptilehandlerlist.pdf Judith {Judy} Martin]) . [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
* (November 29, 2011). [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_jBFcFVQZk Snake Bite], [[Raymond Hoser]] (Official YouTube channel) retrieved March 31, 2014</ref> atau jika dicegah kabur.<ref name="newsfeed.time.com">Carbone, Nick reporting on [[Steve Irwin]] (September 04, 2011). [http://newsfeed.time.com/2011/09/04/remembering-steve-irwin-the-5-most-memorable-crocodile-hunter-videos/ Remembering Steve Irwin: The 5 Most Memorable Crocodile Hunter Videos] "Steve Irwin Plays with Inland Taipan (Fierce Snake)". [[Time (magazine)]]. Retrieved October 15, 2013.</ref> Karena hewan ini hidup di lokasi yang terpencil, taipan pedalaman jarang berhubungan dengan orang-orang;<ref name="billabongsanctuary.com.au">Aussie Animals.[http://www.billabongsanctuary.com.au/aussie_animals/inland_taipan.html Inland Taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus)]. [[Billabong Sanctuary]]. Retrieved October 18, 2013.</ref> oleh karena itu ular ini tidak dianggap sebagai ular paling mematikan di dunia secara keseluruhan khususnya dalam segi watak ular dan kematian manusia per tahunnya.<ref name= "World's Deadliest Snakes">
* Venomous Snakes. [http://www.reptilegardens.com/reptiles/snakes/venomous/worlds-deadliest-snakes.php World's Deadliest Snakes – Ranking scale]. [[Reptile Gardens]]. Retrieved October 18, 2013.
* Walls, Jerry G. . [http://www.reptilesmagazine.com/Snakes/Wild-Snakes/The-Worlds-Deadliest-Snakes/ Deadly Snakes: What are the world's most deadly venomous snakes?]. [[Reptiles (magazine)]]. Retrieved November 5, 2013.
* [[National Geographic Channel]], (Dangerous Encounters with [[Brady Barr]]), video clip. [http://www.reptilegardens.com/about-us/media-attention.php#movie-clips Deadliest Snakes / Inland Taipan] "in Deadliest Snakes, Brady approaches seven of the world's most dangerous and venomous snakes to determine which snake is the deadliest. He will scientifically investigate each species of snake by grading them on five basic criteria: size, volume and toxicity of venom, personality, and number of human deaths." [[Reptile Gardens]] (video host). Retrieved November 6, 2013.</ref> Sebutan "Ular garang" disini mengacu pada bisa yang dimiliki ular ini, bukan pada prilakunya.<ref name="Fierce Snake - profile">Threatened species October 10, 2012. [http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/threatenedSpeciesApp/profile.aspx?id=20169 Fierce Snake – profile]. [[Office of Environment and Heritage (New South Wales)]]. Retrieved October 15, 2013.</ref>
 
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
 
== Bacaan lanjut ==
* [[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger, G.A.]] 1896. ''Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ),...'' Trustees of the British Museum. (Taylor and Francis, printers.) London. xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I.- XXV. (''Pseudechis microlepidotus'', p.&nbsp;332.)
 
* [[Frederick McCoy|McCoy, F.]] 1879. ''Natural History of Victoria. Prodromus of the Zoology of Victoria; or, Figures and Descriptions of the Living Species of All Classes of the Victorian Indigenous Animals. Decade III.'' G. Robertson, publisher. London. (J. Ferres, government printer. Melbourne.) 50 pp. + Plates 21-30. (''Diemenia microlepidota'', pp.&nbsp;12–13 + Plate 23, Figures 2-3.)
 
== Pranala luar ==
{{commonscat-inline|Oxyuranus microlepidotus|''Oxyuranus microlepidotus''}}
* [http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species.php?genus=Oxyuranus&species=microlepidotus&exact%5B0%5D=genus&exact%5B0%5D=species ''Oxyuranus microlepidotus'' @ The Reptile Database]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Taipan_pedalaman"