Hutan bakau: Perbedaan antara revisi
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== Fungsi dan manfaat ==
Dari segi ekonomi, hutan mangrove menghasilkan beberapa jenis [[kayu]] yang berkualitas baik, dan juga hasil-hasil non-kayu atau yang biasa disebut dengan Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu (HHBK), berupa [[arang]] kayu;
Manfaat yang lebih penting dari hutan bakau adalah fungsi ekologisnya sebagai pelindung pantai, habitat berbagai jenis satwa, dan tempat pembesaran (''nursery ground'') banyak jenis ikan laut.
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* Jayatissa, L. P., Dahdouh-Guebas, F. & Koedam, N. (2002). "A review of the floral composition and distribution of mangroves in Sri Lanka". ''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' 138: 29–43.
* Warne, K. (February 2007). "Forests of the Tide". ''National Geographic'' pp. 132–151
* Aaron M. Ellison (2000) "Mangrove Restoration: Do We Know Enough?" Restoration Ecology 8 (3), 219–229 {{doi|10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80033.x}}
* Agrawala, Shardul; Hagestad; Marca; Koshy, Kayathu; Ota, Tomoko; Prasad, Biman; Risbey, James; Smith, Joel; Van Aalst, Maarten. 2003. Development and Climate Change in Fiji: Focus on Coastal Mangroves. Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, Cedex 16, France.
* Barbier, E.B., Sathirathai, S., 2001. Valuing Mangrove Conservation in Southern Thailand. Contemporary Economic Policy. 19 (2) 109–122.
* Bosire, J.O., Dahdouh-Guebas, F., Jayatissa, L.P., Koedam, N., Lo Seen, D., Nitto, Di D. 2005. How Effective were Mangroves as a Defense Against the Recent Tsunami? Current Biology Vol. 15 R443-R447.
* Bowen, Jennifer L., Valiela, Ivan, York, Joanna K. 2001. Mangrove Forests: One of the World's Threatened Major Tropical Environments. Bio Science 51:10, 807–815.
* Jin-Eong, Ong. 2004. The Ecology of Mangrove Conservation and Management. Hydrobiologia. 295:1-3, 343–351.
* Glenn, C. R. 2006. "Earth's Endangered Creatures" (Online). Accessed 4/28/2008 at http://earthsendangered.com.
* Lewis, Roy R. III. 2004. Ecological Engineering for Successful Management and Restoration of Mangrove Forest. Ecological Engineering. 24:4, 403–418.
* Kuenzer, C., Bluemel A., Gebhardt, S., Vo Quoc, T., and S. Dech. 2011. "[http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/3/5/878 Remote Sensing of Mangrove Ecosystems: A Review]". ''Remote Sensing'' 3: 878-928; doi:10.3390/rs3050878
* Lucien-Brun H. 1997. Evolution of world shrimp production: Fisheries and aquaculture. World Aquaculture. 28:21–33.
* Twilley, R. R., V.H. Rivera-Monroy, E. Medina, A. Nyman, J. Foret, T. Mallach, and L. Botero. 2000. Patterns of forest development in mangroves along the San Juan River estuary, Venezuela. Forest Ecology and Management.
* Murray, M.R., Zisman, S.A., Furley, P.A., Munro, D.M., Gibson, J., Ratter, J., Bridgewater, S., Mity, C.D., and C.J. Place. 2003. "The Mangroves of Belize: Part 1. Distribution, Composition and Classification." ''Forest Ecology and Management'' 174: 265–279
* Cherrington, E.A., Hernandez, B.E., Trejos, N.A., Smith, O.A., Anderson, E.R., Flores, A.I., and B.C. Garcia. 2010. "Identification of Threatened and Resilient Mangroves in the Belize Barrier Reef System." Technical report to the World Wildlife Fund. Water Center for the Humid Tropics of Latin America and the Caribbean (CATHALAC) / Regional Visualization & Monitoring System (SERVIR). 28 pp. http://maps.cathalac.org/Downloads/data/bz/bz_mangroves_1980-2010_highres.pdf
* Vo Quoc, T., Kuenzer, C., Vo Quang, M., Moder, F., and N. Oppelt, 2012. "Review of Valuation Methods for Mangrove Ecosystem Services". ''Journal of Ecological Indicators'', 23: 431-446
* Vreugdenhil, D., Meerman, J., Meyrat, A., Gómez, L.D., and D.J. Graham. 2002. "Map of the Ecosystems of Central America: Final Report." World Bank, Washington, DC. 56 pp.
{{refend}}
== Bacaan lanjutan ==
* Hamilton, S. (2013) ''[http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/2013/00000089/00000002/art00013?token=005218167846296b7e41225f40384d2c4b414c487046737b49576b34272c5f7b3d6d3f4e4b34ff36e6 Assessing the Role of Commercial Aquaculture in Displacing Mangrove Forest.]'' Bulletin of Marine Science 89(2): 585-601.
* Spalding, Mark; Kainuma, Mami and Collins, Lorna (2010) ''World Atlas of Mangroves'' Earthscan, London, ISBN 978-1-84407-657-4; 60 maps showing world-wide mangrove distribution
* Massó i Alemán, S., C. Bourgeois, W. Appeltans, B. Vanhoorne, N. De Hauwere, P. Stoffelen, A. Heaghebaert & F. Dahdouh-Guebas, 2010.
* Vo Quoc, T., Oppelt, N., Leinenkugel, P. & Kuenzer, C., 2013. ''Remote Sensing in Mapping Mangrove Ecosystems - An Object-based Approach.'' Remote Sensing 5(1): 183-201.
* Vo Quoc, T., Kuenzer, C., Vo Quang, M., Moder, F. & Oppelt, N., 2012. ''Review of Valuation Methods for Mangrove Ecosystem Services.'' Journal of Ecological Indicators 23: 431-446.
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== Pranala luar ==
{{commons|Mangrove}}
* [http://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life-ecosystems/mangroves/ Mangroves]- At the Smithsonian Ocean Portal
* [http://www.fish.wa.gov.au/Documents/recreational_fishing/fact_sheets/fact_sheet_mangroves.pdf Fisheries Western Australia - Mangroves Fact Sheet]
* {{dmoz|Science/Biology/Flora_and_Fauna/Plantae/Magnoliophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rhizophoraceae|Rhizophoraceae}}
* {{dmoz|Science/Biology/Ecology/Aquatic_Ecology/Marine/Mangrove_Forests|Mangrove forests}}
* In May 2011, the VOA [[Special English]] service of the [[Voice of America|Voibce Bolfi Mancra]]<nowiki/>v
* {{en}} [http://www.unesco.org/csi/intro/mangrove.htm The story of the UNESCO Mangrove Programme]
* {{en}} [http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/where_we_work/ecoregions/about/habitat_types/selecting_terrestrial_ecoregions/habitat14.cfm WWF article about the mangrove biome]
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* {{en}} [http://www.glomis.com Global Mangrove database and Information System (GLOMIS)]
{{Bioma}}
[[Kategori:Mangrove]] [[Kategori:Hutan]]
[[Kategori:Ekosistem bahari]]
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