Isolasionisme: Perbedaan antara revisi

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'''Isolasionisme''' adalah [[kebijakan luar negeri]] yang diterapkan oleh pemimpin yang merasa kepentingan dalam negerinya jauh lebih utama daripada kepentingan luar negeri. Salah satu alasan membatasi keterlibatan internasional adalah menghindari keterlibatan dalam konflik yang berbahaya dan tak diinginkan. Selain itu ada juga manfaat menarik diri dari perjanjian perdagangan internasional atau perjanjian bantuan bersama.<ref>(Sullivan, Michael P., "Isolationism." <u>World Book Deluxe 2001</u>. CD-ROM.)</ref>
 
== Contoh ==
=== Jepang ===
{{Main|Sakoku}}
 
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Kebudayaan Jepang berkembang hampir tanpa pengaruh asing. Jepang juga pernah mengalami masa damai terlama sepanjang sejarah. Pada waktu itu, Jepang membangun kota dan perkampungan padat dan meningkatkan komodifikasi pertanian dan perdagangan dalam negeri,<ref>Thomas C. Smith, ''The Agrarian Origins of Modern Japan'', Stanford Studies in the Civilizations of Eastern Asia, Stanford, Calif., 1959,: Stanford University Press.</ref> tenaga kerja yang diupah, mencanangkan program melek huruf dan budaya menulis,<ref>Mary Elizabeth Berry, ''Japan in Print: Information and Nation in the Early Modern Period'', Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006.</ref> dan merintis modernisasi meskipun keshogunan Tokugawa melemah.<ref>Albert Craig, ''Chōshū in the Meiji Restoration'', Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1961; Marius B. Jansen, ''Sakamoto Ryōma and the Meiji Restoration'', Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1961.</ref>
 
=== Amerika Serikat ===
{{main|Isolasionisme Amerika Serikat}}
 
Meski sejumlah ilmuwan seperti [[Robert J. Art]] percaya bahwa Amerika Serikat memiliki riwayat isolasionisme, ilmuwan lainnya membantah klaim tersebut dan menyatakan bahwa Amerika Serikat mengambil strategi [[unilateralisme]] atau [[non-intervensionisme Amerika Serikat|non-intervensionisme]].<ref name=ArtGrandStratpg172-173>{{cite book|last1=Art|first1=Robert J.|title=A grand strategy for America|date=2004|publisher=Cornell University Press|location=Ithaca, N.Y.|isbn=9780801489570|pages=172–173}}</ref><ref name=McDougallPLCSpg39-40>{{cite book|last1=McDougall|first1=Walter A.|title=Promised land, crusader state : the American encounter with the world since 1776|date=1998|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|location=Boston, Mass.|isbn=0395901324|pages=39–40}}</ref> Robert Art memaparkan pendapatnya dalam ''A Grand Strategy for America'' (2003).<ref name="ArtGrandStratpg172-173"/> Buku-buku yang berpendapat bahwa Amerika Serikat menerapkan unilateralisme alih-alih isolasionisme adalah ''Promised Land, Crusader State'' karya [[Walter A. McDougall]] (1997), ''Surprise, Security, and the American Experience'' karya [[John Lewis Gaddis]] (2004), dan ''Acting Alone'' karya Bradley F. Podliska (2010).<ref>Podliska, Bradley F. ''Acting Alone: A Scientific Study of American Hegemony and Unilateral Use-of-Force Decision Making''. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2010. ISBN 978-0-7391-4251-6</ref> Kedua belah pihak menggunakan [[Pidato Perpisahan George Washington]] sebagai bukti atas pendapatnya masing-masing.<ref name="ArtGrandStratpg172-173"/><ref name="McDougallPLCSpg39-40"/>
 
== Lihat pula ==
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* [[Autarki]]
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* [[Unilateralisme di Amerika Serikat]]
 
== Catatan kaki ==
{{Reflist}}
 
== Referensi ==
* Barry, Tom. [http://www.irc-online.org/fpif/pdf/gac/0211power.pdf “A Global Affairs Commentary: The Terms of Power,”] ''Foreign Policy in Focus'', November 6, 2002), University Press.
* [[Mary Elizabeth Barry|Berry, Mary Elizabeth]]. (2006). ''Japan in Print: Information and Nation in the Early Modern Period.'' Berkeley: University of California Press. 10-ISBN 05202376680-520-23766-8/13-ISBN 9780520237667978-0-520-23766-7; [http://www.worldcat.org/title/japan-in-print-information-and-nation-in-the-early-modern-period/oclc/60697079&referer=brief_results OCLC 60697079]
* Chalberg, John C. (1995). ''Isolationism: Opposing Viewpoints.'' San Diego: Greenhaven Press. 10-ISBN 15651022311-56510-223-1/13-ISBN 9781565102231978-1-56510-223-1; 10-ISBN 15651022231-56510-222-3/13-ISBN 9781565102224978-1-56510-222-4; [http://www.worldcat.org/title/isolationism-opposing-viewpoints/oclc/30078579&referer=brief_results OCLC 30078579]
* [[Albert M. Craig|Craig, Albert]]. (1961). ''Chōshū in the Meiji Restoration.'' Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 10-ISBN 06741285080-674-12850-8/13-ISBN 9780674128507978-0-674-12850-7; [http://www.worldcat.org/title/choshu-in-the-meiji-restoration/oclc/413558&referer=brief_results OCLC 413558]
* Glahn, Richard Von. (1996). ''Fountain of Fortune: Money and Monetary Policy in China, 1000-1700.'' Berkeley: University of California Press. 10-ISABN 0520204085/13-ISBN 9780520204089978-0-520-20408-9; [http://www.worldcat.org/title/fountain-of-fortune-money-and-monetary-policy-in-china-1000-1700/oclc/34323424?referer=br&ht=edition OCLC 34323424]
* Graebner, Norman A. (1956). ''The New Isolationism; a Study in Politics and Foreign Policy Since 1950.'' New York: Ronald Press. [http://www.worldcat.org/title/new-isolationism-a-study-in-politics-and-foreign-policy-since-1950/oclc/256173&referer=brief_results OCLC 256173]
* [[Marius Jansen|Jansen, Marius B.]] (1961). ''Sakamoto Ryoma and the Meiji Restoration.'' Princeton: Princeton University Press. [http://www.worldcat.org/title/sakamoto-ryoma-and-the-meiji-restoration/oclc/413111&referer=brief_results OCLC 413111]
* Nichols, Christopher McKnight (2011). "Promise and Peril: America at the Dawn of a Global Age." Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2011. [http://www.worldcat.org/title/promise-and-peril-america-at-the-dawn-of-a-global-age/oclc/676725368&referer=brief_result ]
* Nordlinger, Eric A. (1995). ''Isolationism Reconfigured: American Foreign Policy for a New Century.'' Princeton: Princeton University Press. 10-ISBN 06910432720-691-04327-2/13-ISBN 9780691043272978-0-691-04327-2; [http://www.worldcat.org/title/isolationism-reconfigured-american-foreign-policy-for-a-new-century/oclc/31515131&referer=brief_results OCLC 31515131]
* Smith, Thomas C. (1959). ''The Agrarian Origins of Modern Japan.'' Stanford: Stanford University Press. [http://www.worldcat.org/title/agrarian-origins-of-modern-japan/oclc/263403&referer=brief_results OCLC 263403]
* [[Michael P. Sullivan|Sullivan, Michael P.]] "Isolationism." <u>World Book Deluxe 2001</u>. CD-ROM.
* [[Ronald Toby|Toby, Ronald P.]] (1984). ''State and Diplomacy in Early Modern Japan: Asia in the Development of the Tokugawa Bakufu.'' Princeton: Princeton University Press. 10-ISBN 06910540100-691-05401-0/13-ISBN 9780691054018978-0-691-05401-8; [http://www.worldcat.org/title/state-and-diplomacy-in-early-modern-japan-asia-in-the-development-of-the-tokugawa-bakufu/oclc/9557347&referer=brief_results OCLC 9557347]
<!-- in 2011, outdated hyperllink? [http://www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/nss.pdf White House, The. ''The National Security Strategy of The United States.'' (September 2002)] -->
* [[George Washington|Washington, George]] "Washington's Farewell Address 1796." ''Yale Law School Avalon Project, 2008''. Web. 12 Sept 2013.