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Baris 18: [[Revolusi Industri]] dimulai di [[Britania Raya]] pada akhir [[abad ke-18]], yang menyebabkan pergeseran dari [[pertanian]], kemakmuran rakyat yang semakin bertambah dan pertumbuhan penduduk. Banyak negara di Eropa menemukan bentuknya seperti yang sekarang ini pasca-[[Perang Dunia II]]. Sejak berakhirnya Perang Dunia II hingga [[Perang Dingin]], Eropa terbagi kepada dua blok politik dan ekonomi utama: negara-negara [[komunis]] di [[Eropa Timur]] dan negara-negara [[kapitalisme\|kapitalis]] di [[Eropa Barat]]. Sekitar tahun [[1990]], [[Blok Timur]] pecah bersamaan dengan jatuhnya [[Tembok Berlin]]. == Geografi == {{utama\|Geografi Eropa}} [[Image:Physical Map of Europe.jpg\|right\|250px\|thumb\|The political and geographic boundaries of Europe are not always synoymous. This physical and political map shows Europe at its furthest extent, reaching to the Urals.]] Secara geografi Eropa merupakan bagian dari daratan yang lebih besar dikenal sebagai [[Eurasia]]. Benua ini mulai dari [[Pegunungan Ural]] di [[Russia]], yang menggambarkan batasan timur Eropa dengan [[Asia]]. Batasan tenggara dengan Asia tidak tergambarkan secara jelas. Paling umum adalah [[Sungai Ural]] atau, [[Sungai Emba]]. Batasan berlanjut dengan [[Laut Kaspia]], dan kemudian Pegunungan [[Caucasus]], atau [[Depresi Kuma-Manych]], dan sampai ke [[Laut Hitam]]; [[Bosporus]], [[Laut Marmara]], dan [[Dardanelles]] mengakhiri batsan Asia. [[Laut Mediterania]] di selatan memisahkan Eropa dari [[Afrika]]. Batasan di bagian barat adalah [[Samudra Atlantik]]. Hampir seluruh negara-negara Eropa adalah anggota dari [[Konsil Eropa]], dengan pengecualian [[Belarus]], dan [[Holy See]] ([[Kota Vatikan]]). Eropa memiliki perkumpulan negara-negara Eropa yang dikenal sebagai [[Uni Eropa]] yang sekarang ini memiliki 25 negara anggota dan masih terus berkembang. == Negara-negara merdeka == Baris 85 ⟶ 96: Binatang dan tumbuhan Eropa sangat dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan dan kegiatan manusia, karena mereka telah hidup berdampingan dengan masyarakat bercocok tanam selama ribuan tahun. Kecuali di [[Skandinavia]] dan [[Rusia]] (dan hutan-hutan lindung), daerah yang belum terjamah manusia jarang dijumpai di Eropa. <!-- The main natural vegetation cover in Europe is [[forest]]. The conditions for growth are very favourable. In the north, the [[Gulf Stream]] and [[North Atlantic Drift]] warm the continent. Southern Europe could be described as having a warm, but mild climate. There are frequent summer droughts in this region. Mountain ridges also affect the conditions. Some of these ([[Alps]], [[Pyrenees]]) are oriented east-west and allow the wind to carry large masses of water from the ocean in the interior. Others are oriented south-north ([[Scandinavian Mountains]], [[Dinaric Alps\|Dinarides]], [[Carpathians]], [[Apennines]]) and because the rain falls primarily on the side of mountains that is oriented towards sea, forests grow well on this side, while on the other side, the conditions are much less favourable. Few corners of mainland Europe have not been grazed by [[livestock]] at some point in time, and the cutting down of the pre-agricultural forest habitat caused disruption to the original plant and animal ecosystems.--> Eighty to ninety per cent of Europe was once covered by forest. It stretched from the Mediterranean Sea to the [[Arctic Ocean]]. Though over half of Europe's original forests disappeared through the centuries of [[colonisation]], Europe still has over one quarter of the world's forests - [[spruce]] forests of Scandinavia, vast [[pine]] forests in Russia, [[chestnut]] [[rainforest]]s of the Caucasus and the [[cork oak]] forests in the Mediterranean. During recent times, deforestation has been stopped and many trees were planted. However, in many cases conifers have been preferred over original deciduous trees, because these grow quicker. The plantations and monocultures now cover vast areas of land and this offers very poor habitats for European forest dwelling species. The amount of original forests in Western Europe is just two to three per cent (in the European part of Russia five to ten per cent). The country with the smallest forest-covered area is [[Ireland]] (eight per cent), while the most forested country is Finland (72 per cent). Delapan puluh sampai sembilan puluh persen Eropa dulunya adalah hutan. Hutan-hutan ini menyebar dari Laut Mediterania sampai [[Samudra Arctic]]. Meskipun begitu hampir separuh hutan awalnya telah menghilang setelah [[kolonisasi]] selama berabad-abad. Sekarang ini Eropa masih memiliki seperempat dari seluruh hutan dunia -- hutan [[spruce]] Skandinavia, hutan [[pine]] yang luas di Russia, [[hutan hujan]] [[chestnut]] Caucasus dan hutan [[oak cork]] di Mediterania. Sekarang ini penebangan hutan telah dihentikan dan banyak pohon-pohon ditanam. Negara dengan hutan terkecil adalah [[Irlandia]] (8%) sedangkan negara dengan hutan terluas adalah Finlandia (72%). <!-- In "mainland" Europe, [[deciduous]] forest prevails. The most important species are [[beech]], [[birch]] and [[oak]]. In the north, where [[taiga]] grows, a very common tree species is the [[birch]] tree. In the Mediterranean, many [[olive]] trees have been planted, which are very well adapted to its arid climate. Another common species in Southern Europe is the [[cypress]]. [[Coniferous]] forests prevail at higher altitudes up to the forest boundary and as one moves north within Russia and Scandinavia, giving way to [[tundra]] as the Arctic is approached. The semi-arid Mediterranean region hosts much scrub forest. A narrow east-west tongue of Eurasian [[grassland]]—the [[steppe]]—extends eastwards from Ukraine and southern Russia and ends in Hungary and traverses into taiga to the north.

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