Angkatan Bersenjata Filipina: Perbedaan antara revisi

|founded=21 Desember 1935

|current_form=

|headquarters=[[Camp Aguinaldo|Camp General Emilio Aguinaldo]], [[Quezon City]]

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'''Angkatan Bersenjata Filipina''' ({{lang-tl|Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas}}; {{lang-es|Fuerzas Armadas de Filipinas}}; {{lang-en|Armed Forces of the Philippines}}, disingkat '''AFP''') adalah sebuah nama [[angkatan bersenjata]] dari negara [[Filipina]]. Angkatan bersenjata Filipina terdiri dari [[Angkatan Darat Filipina|Angkatan Darat]], [[Angkatan Laut Filipina|Angkatan Laut]], [[Angkatan Udara Filipina|Angkatan Udara]] dan [[Korps Marinir Filipina|Korps Marinir]].

 

=== Perang Filipina-Amerika ===

Pada tahun 1901, Amerika Serikat membentuk "Philippine Constabulary" dengan tujuan untuk membantu memerangi sisa-sisa pasukan revolusi, dan setelah perang, kelompok ini menjadi pasukan pertahanan negeri yand terdiri, sejak semula, orang Amerika dan Filipina.<!-- AFP secara resmi diorganisir dalam zaman "American Commonwealth" melalui "National Defense Act" tahun 1935. The new Philippine Army was initially organized from among former holders of Reserve Commissions in the United States Army, from among former officers of the [[Philippine Scouts]] and Constabulary, and others—forces involved in the defeat of the revolutionary forces which Ricarte led. Ricarte was the only revolutionary general who refused to take the oath of allegiance to the U.S. and that he lived in exile in Hong Kong and later in Japan. Ricarte was one of the leaders of an organization termed "MAKAPILIS", called ''Makabayan: Katipunan ng mga Pilipino'', and characterized as having been a "fanatical pro-Japanese organization" during the Second World War Japanese occupation.

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Pada zaman "Philippine Commonwealth", [[Manuel L. Quezon]], presiden pertama Commonwealth, mengganti nama ''Philippine Army'' menjadi ''Armed Forces of the Philippines'' pada tanggal 21 Desember 1935, sesuai dengan "National Defense Act" tahun 1935 (sehingga 21 Desember setiap tahun diperingati sebagai "hari AFP" atau "''AFP Day''") dan meminta Jenderal [[Douglas MacArthur]] sebagai panglima pertama setelah Filipina mendapat kemerdekaan dari [[Amerika Serikat]]. MacArthur menerima permintaan itu dan menjadi satu-satunya orang asing yang memiliki jabatan dalam AFP. MacArthur berpangkat "Field Marshal", yang selanjutnya tidak dijabat siapapun dalam AFP. Menurut undang-undang, AFP, di bawah Departemen Pertahanan Nasional, hanya terdiri dari Angkatan Darat yang revitalisasi, dengan Angkatan Laut dan Angkatan Udara melapor langsung ke markas besar Angkatan Darat, serta "Philippine Constabulary" ('''PC'''), menjadi suatu divisi sendiri dalam Angkatan Darat. Setelah 3 tahun, pada tahun 1938 PC kembali menjadi cabang dari Angkatan Udara. MacArthur mengembangkan AFP dengan membangkitkan lagi Angkatan Laut pada tahun 1940 dan membentuk Angkatan Udara ("Philippine Army Air Corps" dulunya "Philippine Constabulary Air Corps"), tetapi mereka tidak siap perang pada awal [[Perang Pasifik]] pada bulan Desember 1941, sehingga tidak berhasil menahan invasi Jepang pada tahun 1941–1942 ke [[Filipina]].

 

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During the [[Korean War]] from 1951 to 1953, the Philippines sent various AFP battalions, known as the Philippine Expeditionary Forces to Korea (PEFTOK) to fight as part of the US-led United Nations forces in liberating [[South Korea]] from the invading North Korean troops, reinforced then by various units of the Communist Chinese [[People's Liberation Army]]. At the same time the armed forces, including the established Marine company under the PN, fought against Communist elements of the [[Hukbalahap]] (by then the Bagong Hukbong Bayan, the Philippine counterpart of the PLA) in Central Luzon, two Southern Tagalog provinces and several Visayan provinces, with great successes.

At the height of the [[Cold War]], the Philippines was one of the most well-equipped militaries in Asia, because of a tight diplomatic-relationship with the [[United States]] in battling the threat of [[Communism]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}} Since 2001, the Philippine armed forces has been active in supporting the [[War on terror]].

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[[:en:Constitution of the Philippines|Konstitusi Filipina 1987]] menempatkan AFP di bawah kendali seorang sipil, [[Presiden Filipina]], yang bertindak sebagai "Commander-in-Chief" (Panglima tertinggi). Semua cabangnya adalah bagian dari [[:en:Department of National Defense (Philippines)|''Department of National Defense'' (Departmen Pertahanan Nasional)]], yang dipimpin oleh "Secretary of National Defense" (Menteri Pertahanan Nasional).

 

The [[Philippine Constabulary]] (PC) was a [[gendarmerie]] type para-military police force of the Philippines established in 1901 by the United States-appointed administrative authority, replacing the [[Guardia Civil]] of the Spanish regime. On December 13, 1990, Republic Act No. 6975 was approved, organizing the [[Philippine National Police]] (PNP) consisting of the members of the [[Integrated National Police]] (INP) and the officers and enlisted personnel of the PC. Upon the effectivity of that Act, the PC ceased to be a major service of the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the INP ceased to be the national police and civil defense force.<ref>[http://www.chanrobles.com/republicacts/republicactno6975.html Republic Act No. 6975] (approved December 13, 1990), Chan Robles Law Library.</ref> On January 29, 1991, the PC and the INP were formally retired and the PNP was activated in their place.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120614131721/http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/240708/philippine-national-police-19th-anniversary Philippine National Police 19th Anniversary] (January 28, 2010), Manila Bulletin (archived ffrom [http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/240708/philippine-national-police-19th-anniversary the original]{{dead link|date=October 2014}} on 2012-06-14).</ref>

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Unit-unit dari tiga cabang ini dapat ditugaskan menjadi kesatuan berbentuk "Unified Command" (Komando Terpadu), yang bersifat kesatuan regional multi-angkatan:<ref name="afporg">{{cite web |url=http://www.afp.mil.ph/org3.html |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080419074817/http://www.afp.mil.ph/org3.html |archivedate=2008-04-19 |title=AFP Organization |accessdate=2008-02-03 |work= }}</ref>

* [[:en:AFP Northern Luzon Command|Northern Luzon Command (NOLCOM)]]

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=== Perwira Kehormatan (''Ceremonial Officer'') ===

 

=== Pemimpin Markas Besar (''AFP General Headquarters (AFPGHQ) Leadership'') ===

* Philippine Society Of Mechanical Engineers Soldiers (ARESCOM) - Master Sergeant. Enrico D, Limlengco Jr

 

 

== Pangkat militer ==

 

Pangkat perwira dalam militer Filipina biasanya dipanggil dalam [[bahasa Filipina]] (Filipino), dan merupakan adaptasi pangkat militer dari Angkatan Perang Amerika Serikat. Kepangkatan perwira adalah sebagai berikut:<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120701065232/http://www.army.mil.ph/About_the_army/army/history/Ranks_and_Insignias.html Shoulder Ranks (Officers)], The Philippine Army.(archived from [http://www.army.mil.ph/About_the_army/army/history/Ranks_and_Insignias.html the original]{{dead link|date=October 2014}} on 2012-07-01)</ref><ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/philippines/rank.htm Philippine Military Rank Insignia], Globalsecurity.org.</ref>

The uniqueness of Philippine military ranks can be seen in the new ranks of [[First Chief Master Sergeant]] (for the Army, Marine Corps and Air Force) and [[First Master Chief Petty Officer]] (for the Navy) both created in 2004, and since then has become the highest enlisted rank of precedence. Formerly Chief Master Sergeant and Master Chief Petty Officer were the highest enlisted ranks and rates, the former being the highest rank of precedence for Army, Air Force and Marine NCOs. Today only the rank of First Master Chief Petty Officer is unused yet but the rank of First Chief Master Sergeant is now being applied.

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Presiden [[Ferdinand Marcos]], yang juga menjabat sebagai "national defense secretary" (dari tahun 1965–1967 dan 1971–1972), mengeluarkan perintah memberikan pangkat jenderal/admiral berbintang lima kepada [[Presiden Filipina]], menjadikan dirinya pemegang pangkat pertama. Sejak itu pangkat ini menjadi pangkat kehormatan bagi panglima tertinggi (''commander-in-chief of the armed forces"") bilamana seorang presiden baru menjabat selama periode 6 tahun, sehingga Presiden menjadi perwira militer paling senior.<ref>{{Wayback |date=20080804093918 |url=http://www.op.gov.ph/museum/pres_marcos.asp |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070807064533/http://www.op.gov.ph/museum/pres_marcos.asp|archivedate=2007-08-07 |title=Ferdinand E. Marcos}}, Malacañang Museum.</ref>

 

* [[Women in the Philippine military]] -->

 

{{Reflist|2}}

* 53rd PC Anniversary Yearbook, 1954 Edition

* {{wikicite |ref={{SfnRef|Comer|2010}} |reference=Charles ‘Ken’ Comer, [http://fmso.leavenworth.army.mil/documents/Philippine_Defense_Reform.pdf Philippine Defense Reform; Are we there yet?], [http://fmso.leavenworth.army.mil/products.html Asia / South Pacific / India. Russian Military Security Watch], November 2010, [http://fmso.leavenworth.army.mil/ U.S. Army Foreign Military Studies Office].}}

 

* [http://www.afp.mil.ph/ Situs web resmi Armed Forces of the Philippines]

* [http://www.philippinearmedforces.org/ Philippine Armed Forces News and Information Source]