Ray Dolby: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Ray Milton Dolby''', [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] (18 Januari 1933 – 12 September 2013) adalah [[insinyur]] dan penemu sistem peredam [[ribut (elektronik)|ribut]] yang dikenal sebagai [[Dolby noise-reduction system|Dolby NR]] asal [[Amerika Serikat]]. Ia juga ikut menemukan [[perekam pita video|perekaman pita video]] saat bekerja di [[Ampex]]. Ia adalah pendiri [[Dolby Laboratories]]. Dolby juga merupakan seorang miliarder dan anggota [[Forbes 400]] dengan perkiraan kekayaan bersih US$2,9 miliar pada tahun 2008.<ref>{{cite news|title= The 400 Richest Americans: #144 Ray Dolby|date=September 17, 2008|url=http://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/54/400list08_Ray-Dolby_KQ30.html|work=Forbes|accessdate= June 16, 2013 }}</ref> Per September 2012, kekayaannya diperkirakan menurun menjadi $2,4 miliar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/profile/ray-dolby/ |title=Ray Dolby |publisher=Forbes |date=2012-04-18 |accessdate=2013-09-15}}</ref>
== Kehidupan awal ==
Dolby lahir di [[Portland, Oregon]]. Ia dibesarkan di [[San Francisco]] dan mengenyam pendidikan di [[Sequoia High School (Redwood City, California)|Sequoia High School]] (angkatan 1951) di [[Redwood City, California]]. Pada masa-masa pasca-Perang Dunia II, Dolby yang masih muda bekerja paruh waktu pada [[musim panas]] di [[Ampex]] di Redwood City. Ia ambil peran dalam proyek perekam pita [[perekaman dan reproduksi suara|suara]] Ampex pada tahun 1949. Saat berkuliah di [[San Jose State University|San Jose State College]] dan [[Stanford University]] (tertunda dua tahun karena dinas di [[Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat]]),<ref name="racetovideo"/> ia mengerjakan [[purwarupa]] (prototip) teknologi [[perekam pita video]] untuk [[Alexander M. Poniatoff]] dan [[Charlie Ginsburg]]. Sebagai "konsultan" tanpa gelar,<ref name="racetovideo"/> Dolby memainkan peran penting dalam proyek purwarupa perekam pita video [[pita video Quadruplex|Quadruplex]] yang diperkenalkan Ampex pada tahun April 1956 dan langsung diproduksi massal.<ref name="racetovideo">Wolpin, Stewart. "[http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/1994/2/1994_2_52.shtml The Race to Video]". ''Invention & Technology'', Fall 1994.</ref>
Pada tahun 1957, Dolby mendapatkan gelar [[Bachelor of Science|B.S.]] dalam bidang [[teknik elektro]] dari Stanford. Ia juga mendapatkan beasiswa [[Marshall Scholarship]] untuk gelar Ph.D. (1961) dalam bidang [[fisika]] dari [[University of Cambridge]]. Dolby menjadi Research Fellow di [[Pembroke College, Cambridge]].
== Karier ==
Setelah Cambridge, Dolby menjadi penasihat teknis untuk [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] di India. Tahun 1965, ia pulang ke Inggris dan mendirikan [[Dolby Laboratories]] di London bersama empat orang stafnya. Pada tahun itu pula ia secara resmi menemukan Dolby Sound System, sejenis penyaring (''filter'') elektronik. Paten pertamanya di Amerika Serikat baru diajukan tahun 1969. Penyaring ini pertama kali digunakna oleh [[Decca Records]] di Britania Raya.<ref name="independent">{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/ray-dolby-obituary-inventor-whose-noisereduction-technology-transformed-sound-reproduction-8815543.html|title=Ray Dolby obituary: Inventor whose noise-reduction technology transformed sound reproduction|last=Williamson|first=Marcus|date=13 September 2013|work=The Independent|accessdate=14 September 2013}}</ref>
Dolby pernah menjadi [[Fellow (perkumpulan)|Fellow]] dan presiden [[Audio Engineering Society]].
== Kehidupan pribadi ==
Dolby meninggal dunia karena [[leukemia]] pada tanggal 12 September 2013 di rumahnya di San Francisco pada usia 80 tahun.<ref>{{cite web |title = Founder and Director Emeritus of Dolby Laboratories Dies at Age 80|publisher = [[Dolby Laboratories]] |date = September 12, 2013 |url = http://investor.dolby.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=790493}}</ref> Dolby meninggalkan istrinya Dagmar, dua putra, [[Tom Dolby|Tom]] dan David, dan empat cucu.<ref name=indy>{{cite news|title=A minute's silence: audio pioneer Ray Dolby dies aged 80|url = http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/a-minutes-silence-audio-pioneer-ray-dolby-dies-aged-80-8814025.html|work = [[The Independent]]|accessdate = September 13, 2013|date = September 12, 2013|first = James|last = Vincent}}</ref>
== Penghargaan ==
* 1971 — [[Audio Engineering Society|AES]] Silver Medal<ref name="aes">{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.aes.org/info/awards.cfm |title=AES Awards |publisher=Aes.org |date= |accessdate=2013-09-15}}</ref>
* 1979 — [[51st Academy Awards]] — [[Academy Award, Scientific or Technical]] (Scientific and Engineering Award) [plaque]<ref name="Academy_Awards">{{cite web|url=http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/BasicSearch?action=searchLink&displayType=6&BSNomineeID=63828 |title=Academy Awards Database Academy | Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences |publisher=Awardsdatabase.oscars.org |date= |accessdate=2013-09-15}}</ref>
* 1983 — [[SMPTE]] Progress Medal<ref>{{cite web
|accessdate=2013-09-16 |url=http://www.smpte.org/about/awards_program/progress_winners
|title=SMPTE Progress Medal Past Recipients |publisher=[[Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers]]
|archivedate=2011-07-19
|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110719175425/http://www.smpte.org/about/awards_program/progress_winners}}</ref>
* 1985 — [[SMPTE]] [[Alexander M. Poniatoff]] Gold Medal
* 1986 — Penerima Kehormatan [[Most Excellent Order of the British Empire]] (OBE)
* 1988 — [[Eduard Rhein Ring of Honor]] dari [[Eduard Rhein Foundation]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eduard-rhein-stiftung.de/html/Ehrenring_e.html |title=The Eduard Rhein Ring of Honor Recipients |publisher=[[Eduard Rhein Foundation]] |accessdate={{Start date|2011|2|5}}}}</ref>
* 1989 — [[61st Academy Awards]] — [[Academy Award, Scientific or Technical]] (Academy Award of Merit)<ref name="Academy_Awards" />
* 1989 — [[Emmy Award]] dari [[National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences]] (NATAS)
* 1992 — [[Audio Engineering Society|AES]] Gold Medal<ref name="aes"/>
* 1995 — Special Merit/[[Technical Grammy Award]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grammy.org/recording-academy/producers-and-engineers/awards |title=Technical GRAMMY Award |publisher=GRAMMY.org |date= |accessdate=2013-09-15}}</ref>
* 1997 — U.S. [[National Medal of Technology]]
* 1997 — [[IEEE Masaru Ibuka Consumer Electronics Award]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ieee.org/portal/pages/about/awards/pr/ibukapr.html |title=Medals, Technical Field Awards, and Recognitions |publisher=IEEE |date= |accessdate=2013-09-15}}</ref>
* 1999 — Gelar doktor kehormatan dari [[University of York]]
* 2000 —
* 2003 — [[Charles Francis Jenkins|Charles F. Jenkins]] Lifetime Achievement Award dari [[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://216.92.188.169/primetime/2003/awards/2003lifetime.php|title= Ray Dolby Receives Charles F. Jenkins Lifetime Achievement Award|publisher=216.92.188.169|accessdate=2013-09-16}}</ref>
* 2004 — Namanya disematkan di [[National Inventors Hall of Fame]] dan [[Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame]]
* 2010 — [[IEEE Edison Medal]]
* 2014 — Bintang di [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.ontheredcarpet.com/Tupac-Shakur--Phil-Hartman-to-receive-Walk-of-Fame-stars---see-list/9146432 |title=Tupac Shakur, Phil Hartman to receive Walk of Fame stars - see list - 06/20/2013 | Entertainment News from |publisher=OnTheRedCarpet.com |date=2013-06-20 |accessdate=2013-09-15}}</ref>
== Paten ==
* {{US patent|3,631,365}}, Pengompres sinyal, diajukan 1969.
== Referensi ==
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== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDB name|nm2591246}}
* [http://www.dolby.com/about/who_we_are/dolby_bio.html Ray Dolby bio]
* [http://aes.org/technical/112Heyser.cfm Dolby, R. (2002-05-11). Some Musings on Progress in Audio. Heyser lecture at [[Audio Engineering Society]]]
* [http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/03/29/BUG8F5S0TN1.DTL&type=business 2004 Interview With Dolby]
* [http://www.labguysworld.com/VTR-People.htm Group photo of the Ampex VTR team including Ray Dolby]
{{IEEE Edison Medal Laureates 2001-2025}}
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