Pertempuran Tikrit Kedua: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox military conflict
'''Pertempuran Tikrit Kedua''' ([[bahasa Arab]]: معركة تكريت الثانية ''Ma'rakat Tikrit Al-Tsaaniyah'') adalah pertempuran di mana pasukan Irak merebut kembali kota [[Tikrit]] (ibukota provinsi dari [[Kegubernuran Salah ad Din|Kegubernuran Salah ad-Din]]) dari [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam]] (NIIS). Pasukan Irak terdiri dari pasukan keamanan pemerintah dan '''Populer Mobilization Forces''' (yang sebagian besar dari pasukan darat terdiri atas milisi-milisi Syiah dengan beberapa suku Sunni). Irak menerima bantuan dari Iran dengan berangkatnya petugas Angkatan Darat Quds melalui jalur darat serta Amerika Serikat, Inggris, dan Perancis membantu Irak melalui jalur udara.<ref name="NYTUSairShia">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/27/world/middleeast/iraq-us-air-raids-islamic-state-isis.html|title=U.S. Airstrikes on ISIS in Tikrit Prompt Boycott by Shiite Fighters|date=26 March 2015|work=The New York Times|quote=the American airstrike campaign against militants holed up in Tikrit|author1=Rod Nordland and Helene Cooper|accessdate=27 March 2015}}</ref>▼
|conflict = Pertempuran Tikrit Kedua
|partof = [[Perang Saudara Irak (2014–sekarang)]],<br/> campur tangan prajurit terhadap [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam|NIIS]] dan <br/> Operasi militer di Salahuddin
|image = [[File:Second Battle of Tikrit (March 2015).jpeg|340px]]
|caption = Bagan militer yang menerangkan dengan gambar mengenai keadaan di provinsi Salahuddin bagian tengah dari awal hingga pertengahan bulan Maret 2015.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fadel |first=Leith |url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/battle-map-iraqi-army-makes-steady-gains-tikrit/ |title=Battle Map: Iraqi Army Makes Steady Gains in Tikrit |publisher=Almasdarnews.com |date=3 March 2015 |accessdate=14 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Fadel |first=Leith |url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/monumental-battle-taking-place-tikrit-isis-faces-encirclement/ |title=Monumental Battle Taking Place in Tikrit; ISIS Faces Encirclement |publisher=Almasdarnews.com |date=2 March 2015 |accessdate=14 March 2015}}</ref>
|date = 2 Maret 2015 – 17 April 2015<br>({{Age in months, weeks and days|month1=03|day1=02|year1=2015|month2=04|day2=17|year2=2015}})
|place = [[Tikrit]], [[Kegubernuran Salah ad-Din]], [[Irak]]
|result = Kemenangan mutlak pihak penentang [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam|NIIS]]
* Pasukan sekutu mengepung daerah Tikrit pada 9 Maret 2015 lalu menekan ke arah pusat kota pada 11 Maret 2015
* Pasukan sekutu tidak berjaya pada 13–30 Maret 2015
* Penarikan diri sebagian milisi Syiah yang memihak Iran pada 27 Maret 2015 saat AS & Inggris Raya mulai memberi sambung tangan dengan adanya serangan udara dari penentang ISIS<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-iranian-backed-shiite-militias-share-uneasily-in-battle-for-iraqs-tikrit-1427672890|title=U.S., Iranian-Backed Shiite Militias Share Uneasily in Battle for Iraq’s Tikrit|author1=Matt Bradley |author2=Raja Abdulrahim |lastauthoramp=yes |date=29 March 2015|work=WSJ|accessdate=10 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.euronews.com/2015/03/30/iraq-us-iran-tensions-amid-offensive-to-retake-tikrit-from-isil/|title=Iraq: US-Iran tensions amid offensive to retake Tikrit from ISIL|work=euronews|accessdate=10 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="Shiite militias pull out">{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/03/shia-militias-step-joins-battle-tikrit-150327010352355.html|title=Shia militias pull back as US joins battle for Tikrit|publisher=|accessdate=31 March 2015}}</ref>
* Pasukan sekutu telah merebut kebanyakan daerah Tikrit sejak 31 Maret hingga 2 April<ref name="entry into central Tikrit" /><ref name="ISIL holds on"/> berbarengan dengan masih adanya perlawanan dari NIIS<ref name="hundreds"/> until 17 April<ref name="ISIL sleepers killed" />
* Pemberesan keadaan kota dan pengerjaan penjinakan bom mulai dilanjutkan di kota Tikrit dengan adanya perkiraan dari para pejabat bahwa kegiatan tersebut akan menghabiskan beberapa bulan untuk menjinakkan 5,.000 – 10.000 bom rakitan milik NIIS yang tertinggal<ref name="lessons"/>
|territory = Ibukota provinsi [[Saladin Governorate]], [[Tikrit]], is recaptured from ISIL, alongside the towns of Abu-Ajeel, Al-Dour, Al-Alam, Al-Awja and others.
|combatant1 = {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|Iraq}} '''[[Iraq]]'''}}<br>'''{{flag|Iran}}'''<ref>{{cite web|last=Bezhan |first=Frud |url=http://www.rferl.org/content/iraq-tikrit-iran-role-explainer/26882284.html |title=Explainer: Iran's Role In Iraq's Fight Against Islamic State |publisher=Rferl.org |date=4 March 2015 |accessdate=14 March 2015}}</ref><br>''[[American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–present)|Airstrikes]]'':<br>'''{{flag|United States}}'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/03/led-coalition-pounds-isil-targets-tikrit-150326022916415.html|title=US-led coalition pounds ISIL targets in Tikrit|date=26 March 2015}}</ref><br/><small>( 25–31 March only)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/03/25/u-s-ready-to-back-iran-with-airstrikes-against-isis.html|title=U.S. Backs Iran With Airstrikes Against ISIS|work=The Daily Beast}}</ref><ref name="US launches first airstrikes in Tikrit">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-32035340|title=Islamic State conflict: US launches Tikrit air strikes|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="OIR airstrike updates" /><br>{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} '''[[United Kingdom]]''' <small>(25–29 March only)</small><ref name="gov.uk">{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/latest-iraq-air-strikes#March-26|date=7 April 2015|title=Update: air strikes in Iraq}}</ref><br>{{flagicon|France}} '''[[France]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2015/Mar-26/292217-france-launches-first-bombing-strike-against-isis-in-tikrit.ashx|title=France launches first bombing strike against ISIS in Tikrit|work=The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon|accessdate=30 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/france-launchs-first-air-strike-isis-tikrit/|title=France launchs its first air strike against ISIS in Tikrit|author=Abdelhak Mamoun|work=Iraq news, the latest Iraq news|accessdate=30 April 2015}}</ref>
|combatant2 = {{Flagdeco|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|23px}} '''[[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]]'''
----
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg}} [[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region|Ba'ath Party Loyalists]]<ref name="Izzat killed">{{cite news |date=17 April 2015 |title=Top Saddam aide Izzat al-Douri reportedly killed |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/former-saddam-deputy-izzat-al-douri-killed-reportedly-iraq-after-evading-capture-1886458?rel=latest1 |newspaper=IBTimes}}</ref>
|commander1= {{flagicon|Iraq}} Lt. Gen.<br>Abdul-Wahab al-Saadi<ref name="grip"/><br/>{{flagicon|Iran}} [[Qasem Soleimani]]<ref name="newsweek1">{{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/iranian-military-mastermind-leading-battle-recapture-tikrit-isis-311516 |title=Iranian Military Mastermind Leading Battle to Recapture Tikrit From ISIS |publisher=Newsweek.com |accessdate=14 March 2015}}</ref><br/><small>(Head of [[Quds Force]])</small><br>
[[al-Hashd al-Shaabi|PMF]] commanders:<br>
{{flagicon image|Kata'ib Hezbollah flag.svg}} [[Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis]]<ref name = "ISW terrorist">Muhandis is on the United States' list of designated terrorists: {{Cite web | last = Lawrence | first = John | date = 26 May 2015 | title = Iraq Situation Report: May 23–25, 2015 | url = http://understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iraq-situation-report-may-23-25-2015 | website = understandingwar.org | publisher = [[Institute for the Study of War]] | accessdate = 27 May 2015 }} See paragraph 5 of the report.</ref>
{{Flagicon image|Badr Organisation Military flag.svg}} [[Hadi al-Amiri]]<br><small>(Head of [[Badr Organization]])</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/03/isil-defeated-tikrit-150315054907973.html|title=Can ISIS be defeated in Tikrit?|publisher=|accessdate=22 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="BBC: Tikrit - 4 March">{{cite news|title=Iraqi forces seek to encircle IS fighters in Tikrit|url=http://m.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-31727470|accessdate=4 March 2015|agency=BBC|date=4 March 2015}}</ref><br/>[[Qais Khazali]]<ref name="The Bellingham Herald: Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq">{{cite news|title=Insurgent attacks in Iraqi capital kill at least 11 people|url=http://www.bellinghamherald.com/2015/03/05/4166367_attacks-in-iraqi-capital-kill.html?rh=1|accessdate=5 March 2015|agency=The Bellingham Herald|date=5 March 2015}}</ref><br/>Madi al-Kinani{{KIA}}<ref name="hameedevans"/><br/>Ali al-Moussawi{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/volunteer-s-leadership-al-imam-ali-brigade-field-leader-has-martyred/|title=Volunteer's leadership: AL-Imam Ali Brigade field leader has martyred - Iraqi News|work=Iraq news, the latest Iraq news|accessdate=22 March 2015}}</ref>
|commander2= {{Flagdeco|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} [[Abu Suleiman al-Naser]] <small>(Replacement Military Chief)</small><ref name="who is next">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/if-isis-leader-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi-killed-who-caliph-islamic-state-group-1721638|title=If ISIS Leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi Is Killed, Who Is Caliph Of The Islamic State Group?|author=Alessandria Masi|date=11 November 2014|work=International Business Times|accessdate=30 April 2015}}</ref><br>{{Flagdeco|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} Abu Nabil<br><small>(ISIL governor of the Saladin Governorate)</small><br>{{Flagdeco|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} Abu Maria{{KIA}} <small>(top ISIL leader in Tikrit)</small><ref name="ISIL leader in Tikrit killed" />
----
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg}} [[Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri]]{{KIA}} (presumed)<ref name="Izzat still alive">{{cite news |date=18 May 2015 |title=Iraqi audio recording shows Saddam Hussein's deputy may still be alive |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/16/iraqi-audio-recording-shows-saddam-husseins-deputy-may-still-be-alive |newspaper=TheGuardian}}</ref>
|units1 =
'''Iraq:'''
* [[Iraqi Security Forces]]
** [[Iraqi Armed Forces|Armed Forces]]
*** {{flagicon image|Iraqi Ground Forces Flag.svg}} [[Iraqi Army|Army]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Iraqi Air Force.svg}} [[Iraqi Air Force|Air Force]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Iraqi offensive to retake Tikrit underway|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/03/02/Iraqi-air-forces-strike-ISIS-targets-in-Tikrit-.html|accessdate=3 March 2015|agency=Al Arabiya|date=2 March 2015}}</ref>
*** {{flagicon image|Special Operations Iraq Flag.svg}} [[Iraqi Special Operations Forces|Special Forces]]
** {{flagicon image|Iraqi Federal Police Flag.svg}} [[Iraqi Police|Federal Police]]
*{{flagicon image|Flag of the Popular Moblization Units.svg}} [[Popular Mobilization Forces (Iraq)|Popular Mobilization Forces]]
** [[al-hashd al-Shaabi|Shia militias]]
***[[Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq]]
***{{flagicon image|Kata'ib Hezbollah flag.svg}} [[Kata'ib Hezbollah]]
***{{Flagicon image|Badr Organisation Military flag.svg}} [[Badr Brigades]]
***[[Khorasani Brigades]]<ref name="BBC: Iran" />
***[[Kata'ib al-Imam Ali]]<ref name="The Long War Journal: Iran">{{cite news|title=Iranian-backed Shiite militias lead Iraq’s fight to retake Tikrit|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/03/iranian-backed-shiite-militias-lead-iraqs-fight-to-retake-tikrit.php|accessdate=4 March 2015|agency=The Long War Journal|date=4 March 2015}}</ref>
***[[Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/03/in-pictures-shiite-militias-operating-near-tikrit.php |title=In pictures: Shiite militias operating near Tikrit |publisher=Longwarjournal.org |date=10 March 2015 |accessdate=14 March 2015}}</ref>
***[[Peace Brigades (Iraq)|Peace Companies]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2015/mar/15/iraqi-militia-loyal-to-radical-cleric-joins/|title=Iraqi militia loyal to radical cleric joins Tikrit offensive|work=U-T San Diego|accessdate=22 March 2015}}</ref>
** [[Sunni]] [[Arab tribes in Iraq|tribal militias]]<ref name="NYT Iraqi Offensive">{{cite news|title=Iraqi Offensive to Retake Tikrit From ISIS Begins|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/03/world/middleeast/iraq-tikrit-isis.html?_r=0|accessdate=3 March 2015|agency=New York Times|date=2 March 2015|work=The New York Times|first1=Omar|last1=Al-Jawoshy}}</ref>
***Martyrs of Salahiddeen<ref name="The Arab Source: Sunnis">{{cite news|title=5,000 Sunni Militiamen Fighting Alongside the Iraqi Security Forces in Tikrit|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/5000-sunni-militiamen-fighting-alongside-iraqi-security-forces-tikrit/|accessdate=4 March 2015|agency=The Arab Source|date=4 March 2015}}</ref>
'''Iran:'''
* {{flagicon image|IRGC-Seal.svg|size=22px}} [[Quds Force]]<ref name="wsj.com"/>
'''United States:'''
* {{flagicon image|Seal of the US Air Force.svg|size=22px}} [[United States Air Force|USAF]]<ref>{{cite news|title=U.S. strikes bolster Iraqi offensive in Tikrit|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2015/03/25/tikrit-airstrikes-iraq-iran/70452602/|date=26 March 2015|agency= USA today|work=USA Today}}</ref>
'''United Kingdom:'''
*{{air force|United Kingdom}}<ref name="gov.uk"/>
|units2 = [[Military of ISIL]]
|strength1 =20,000–30,000+<ref name="NYT Iraqi Offensive"/><ref name="begin">{{cite web|url=http://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2015/3/2/iraqi-government-forces-and-militias-begin-tikrit-offensive |title=al-Araby al-Jadeed English - Iraqi government forces and militias begin Tikrit offensive |publisher=Alaraby.co.uk |date= |accessdate=14 March 2015}}</ref><br/>(9,000 engaged)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense-news/blog/intercepts/2015/03/02/iraq-iran-is-war-terrorism/24270363/|title=Iranian General Again in Iraq for Tikrit Offensive|author=Paul McLeary|date=2 March 2015|work=Defense News|accessdate=22 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/05/iraq-pro-government-forces-struggle-topple-isis-tikrit|title=Iraq: pro-government forces struggle to topple Isis in Tikrit|author=Kareem Shaheen|work=the Guardian|accessdate=22 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/02/iraq-assault-islamic-state-strongholds-baghdad|title=Iraqi army and militia begin assault on Isis strongholds north of Baghdad|author=Kareem Shaheen|work=the Guardian|accessdate=22 March 2015}}</ref>
*20,000 Shi'ite paramilitaries<ref name="cleansing">{{cite web|url=http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2015/03/11/259426/officials-us-watching-for-ethnic.html|title=WASHINGTON: Officials: U.S. watching for ethnic cleansing in Tikrit battle in Iraq - National Security & Defense - McClatchy DC|work=McClatchy DC|accessdate=22 March 2015}}</ref>
*3,200–4,000 Iraqi security forces<ref name="cleansing"/><ref name="Washington Post: Tikrit"/>
*1,000–5,000 Sunni tribesmen<ref name="The Arab Source: Sunnis"/><ref name="cleansing"/>
*40 [[Quds force]] officers<ref name="greenfieldreporter1">{{cite web|url=http://www.greenfieldreporter.com/view/story/385bf9ca810b411bb2de409304588bf3/ML--Islamic-State |title=Iraqi Kurdish officials claim Islamic State group used chemical weapons on peshmerga forces |publisher=Greenfieldreporter.com |date= |accessdate=14 March 2015}}</ref><ref name=csmonitor />
<small>(specialist reinforcements sent)</small><ref name="ndtv.com"/>
|strength2 = 1,000<ref>{{cite news|title=The war in the Middle East|url=http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21678847-islamic-state-may-be-lashing-out-abroad-because-it-has-been-weakened-nearer-home-it-will|accessdate=25 November 2015|work=[[The Economist]]|date=21 November 2015}}</ref>–13,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2015/3/2/iraqi-government-forces-and-militias-begin-tikrit-offensive|title=Iraqi government forces and militias begin Tikrit offensive|date=2 May 2016|work=alaraby|accessdate=27 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rt.com/news/237033-iraqi-army-tikrit-assault/|title=ISIS leaders pull back from Tikrit amid massive Iraqi assault on stronghold – reports|work=RT International|accessdate=27 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sputniknews.com/middleeast/20150303/1018971390.html|title=Iraqi Parliament Asks Iranian General to Coordinate Joint Assault on ISIL|author=Sputnik|date=3 March 2015|publisher=|accessdate=27 May 2016}}</ref>
|casualties1 = 230<ref name="grip"/>–1,000+<ref name="stalled"/> killed
|casualties2 = 842–1,142 killed, 80 captured<ref name="ISIL sleepers killed">{{cite web|url=http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/130-isis-elements-killed-sleeper-cells-found-tikrit/|title=130 ISIS elements killed, sleeper cells found in Tikrit|author=Abdelhak Mamoun|work=Iraq news, the latest Iraq news|accessdate=30 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="lessons">{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/joseph-v-micallef/lessons-from-the-second-b_b_7049430.html?ncid=txtlnkusaolp00000592|title=Lessons From the Second Battle of Tikrit: March 2-April 4, 2015|work=The Huffington Post|accessdate=30 April 2015|date=12 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="ISIL leader in Tikrit killed" /><ref name="Izzat reportedly killed">{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/saddam-hussein-deputy-killed-tikrit-report-article-1.2188947|title=Saddam Hussein's former deputy killed near Tikrit: report|publisher=}}</ref>
|casualties3 = 46 civilians killed<ref name="lessons"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Iraq Body Count -- Database|url=https://www.iraqbodycount.org/database/recent/10/|website=www.iraqbodycount.org|publisher=Iraq Body Count|accessdate=18 May 2015}}</ref><br>28,000 civilians displaced<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-31753727|title=Islamic State crisis: Thousands flee Iraqi advance on Tikrit|work=BBC News|accessdate=10 April 2015|date=5 March 2015}}</ref>
|notes =
}}
▲'''Pertempuran Tikrit Kedua''' ([[bahasa Arab]]: معركة تكريت الثانية ''Ma'rakat Tikrit Al-Tsaaniyah'') adalah pertempuran di mana pasukan Irak merebut kembali kota [[Tikrit]] (ibukota provinsi dari [[Kegubernuran Salah ad Din|
Kota [[Tikrit]] yang terletak di bagian tengah kegubernuran Salah ad-Din di sebelah utara [[Bagdad|Baghdad]] dan [[Samarra]] serta tempatnya yang berdekatan dengan [[sungai Tigris]] sempat diambil alih oleh NIIS <font style="background-color: rgb(254, 252, 224);">pada saat pihak NIIS mengambil</font> langkah dengan memutuskan merebut kota tersebut sejak adanya tindakan penyerangan oleh NIIS pada bulan Juni 2014. Setelah kota tersebut telah diambil alih, pihak NIIS melakukan pembantaian yang keji di perkemahan Speicher yang berada di dekat Tikrit.
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