Operasi Donnerkeil: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Channel Dash
Operasi Donnerkeil adalah operasi yang dilakukan oleh Jerman untuk menyelamatkan 3 Kapal perang utama Hitler,yaitu kapal penjelajah tempur Gneisenau dan Scharnhorst serta kapal penjelajah Prinz Eugen melewati blokade AL dan AU Inggris di selat Inggris dengan perilindungan Luftwaffe (AU Jerman).▼
| partof = the [[Western Front (World War II)|Western Front]] of [[World War II]]
| image = [[File:EnglishChannel.jpg|300px]]
| caption = Satellite view of the English Channel
| date = 11–12 February 1942
| place = [[English Channel]], [[North Sea]] and northern [[Germany]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|50|N|02|W|display=INLINE,title}}
| result = German victory
| combatant1 = {{Flag icon|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]]
| combatant2 = {{Flag icon|Nazi Germany}} [[Germany]]
| commander1 = {{Flag icon|United Kingdom}} [[Sholto Douglas, 1st Baron Douglas of Kirtleside|Sholto Douglas]]<br/>{{Flag icon|United Kingdom}} [[Philip Joubert de la Ferté|Philip de la Ferté]]<br/>{{Flag icon|United Kingdom}} [[Trafford Leigh-Mallory]]
| commander2 = {{Flag icon|Nazi Germany}} [[Adolf Galland]]
| strength1 = ~450 aircraft
| strength2 = 252 [[Bf 109]] and [[Fw 190]] fighters<ref name="Caldwell 1996, p. 204">Caldwell 1996, p. 204.</ref><ref name="Weal 1996, p. 15.">Weal 1996, p. 15.</ref><br/>30 [[Bf 110]] [[Heavy fighter]]s<ref name="Weal 1996, p. 15.">Weal 1996, p. 15.</ref><br/>32 [[Dornier Do 217]]s
| casualties1 = <br/>41 aircraft<ref name="Hooton 1994, p. 116.">Hooton 1994, p. 116.</ref>
| casualties2 = 17 fighters<br/>5 bombers<br/>23 airmen killed<ref name="Hooton 1994, p. 116.">Hooton 1994, p. 116.</ref>
| notes =
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Western Front (World War II)}}
}}
▲Operasi Donnerkeil '''Unternehmen Donnerkeil''' (Operation [[Thunderbolt]])<ref name="Hooton 1994, p. 114.">Hooton 1994, p. 114.</ref><ref name="Baker 1996, p. 190."/><ref>Forsyth 2009, p. 14.</ref> adalah operasi yang dilakukan oleh Jerman untuk menyelamatkan 3 Kapal perang utama Hitler,yaitu kapal penjelajah tempur Gneisenau dan Scharnhorst serta kapal penjelajah Prinz Eugen melewati blokade AL dan AU Inggris di selat Inggris dengan perilindungan Luftwaffe (AU Jerman).
== Latar Belakang ==
Baris 10 ⟶ 30:
== Akibat Pertempuran ==
Akhirnya,ketiga kapal perang utama Kriegsmarine itu berhasil mencapai Norwegia dengan selamat.Galland,yang bertanggung jawab atas operasi itu,menganggapnya sebagai titik puncak dari kariernya.
==Notes==
{{Reflist|3}}
== Referensi ==
Nino, Oktorino (201).''Luftwaffe,Kisah Angkatan Udara Jerman Nazi 1935-1945''.Elex Media Komputindo.<nowiki>ISBN 978-602-02-2484-8</nowiki>.
{{Refbegin}}
* Ashworth, Chris. ''RAF Coastal Command: 1936–1969''. Patrick Stephens Ltd. 1992. ISBN 1-85260-345-3
* Baker, David. ''Adolf Galland: The Authorised Biography''. London: Windrow and Green, 1996. ISBN 978-1-85915-017-7
* Blair, Clay. ''Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunters 1939–1942'' Cassel & Co. 1996. ISBN 0-304-35260-8
* [[John Buckley (historian)|Buckley, John]]. ''The RAF and Trade Defence, 1919–1945: Constant Endeavour''. Ryburn Publishing. 1995. ISBN 1-85331-069-7
* Caldwell, Donald L. (1994). ''JG 26 Photographic History of the Luftwaffe's Top Gun''. Motorbooks International Publishers & Wholesalers. ISBN 0-87938-845-5.
* Caldwell, Donald; Muller Richard (2007). ''The Luftwaffe Over Germany: Defense of the Reich''. Greenhill books. ISBN 978-1-85367-712-0.
* Caygill, Peter. ''Focke-Wulf Fw 190''. Crowood Press, London. 2002. ISBN 978-1-84037-366-0
* [[Philip Joubert de la Ferté|de la Ferté, Philiip Joubert]]. ''The Birds and the Fishes: The Story of Coastal Command''. Hutchinson. 1960. (No ISBN)
* de Zeng, H. L., D. G. Stanket and E. J. Creek. ''Bomber Units of the Luftwaffe 1933–1945: A Reference Source, Volume 2''. London: Ian Allen Publishing, 2007. ISBN 978-1-903223-87-1.
* Franks, Norman (2000). ''Fighter Command Losses of the Second World War: Volume 2, Operational Losses, Aircraft and Crews 1942–1943. (Incorporating Air Defence Great Britain and 2nd TAF)''. Midland. ISBN 1-85780-093-1.
* Galland, Adolf. ''The First and the Last: Germany's Fighter Force in WWII'' (Fortunes of War). South Miami, Florida: Cerberus Press, 2005. ISBN 1-84145-020-0
* Garret, Richard. ''Scharnhorst and Gneisenau: The Elusive Sisters''. Hippocrene Books. 1978. ISBN 0-7153-7628-4
* [[Christina Goulter|Goulter, Christina]]. ''A Forgotten Offensive: Royal Air Force Coastal Command's Anti-Shipping Campaign, 1940–1945''. Frank & Cass. London. 2005. ISBN 0-7146-4147-2.
* Nauroth, Holger and Held, Werner. ''The defence of the Reich: Hitler's nightfighter planes and pilots''. Arms and Armour. London. 1982. ISBN 978-0-85368-414-5
* [[E.R. Hooton|Hooton, E.R.]]. ''Phoenix Triumphant: The Rise and Rise of the Luftwaffe''. Arms & Armour Press. 1994. ISBN 1-86019-964-X
* [[E.R. Hooton|Hooton, E.R.]]. ''The Luftwaffe: A Study in Air Power, 1933––1945''. Classic Publications, London. 2010. ISBN 978-1-906537-18-0
* Jackson, Robert. ''The Bismarck. London: Weapons of War''. Weapons of War. 2002. ISBN 1-86227-173-9.
* Kurowski, Franz. ''Luftwaffe Aces: German Combat Pilots of WWII''. Stackpole Publishing. 1996. ISBN 978-0-8117-3177-5
* Treadwell, Terry C. ''Messerschmitt Bf 110''. (Classic World War II Aviation). Bristol, Avon, UK: Cerberus Publishing Ltd., 2005. ISBN 1-84145-107-X.
* Weal, John. ''Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Aces of the Western Front''. Oxford: Osprey, 1996. ISBN 1-85532-595-0.
* Winton, John. ''Death of the Scharnhorst''. Cassel. 2003. ISBN 0-304-35697-2
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