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Baris 93:
Tidak jauh dari St. Peterburg adalah [[Istana Peterhof]] yang memiliki taman indah dan penuh [[air mancur]].
 
== Transportasi ==
[[FileBerkas:КАД Санкт-Петербург.jpg|thumb|right|Bagian dari [[Western Rapid Diameter|Western High-Speed Diameter]]]]
 
Saint Petersburg adalah penghubung transportasi utama. Jalur kereta pertama di Rusia dibangun disini tahun 1837, dan sejak saat itu infrastruktur transportasi kota ini terus berkembang mengikuti perkembangan kota. Petersburg memiliki sistem jalan lokal dan kereta yang ekstensif, dan tetap merawat sistem transportasi umum di antaranya [[Jalur trem di Saint Petersburg|tram]] dan [[Saint Petersburg Metro]], serta beberapa jalur pelayaran.
Baris 100:
Kota ini terhubung dengan bagian Rusia lainnya dengan beberapa rute kereta internasional.
 
=== Jalan dan transportasi umum ===
[[FileBerkas:Metro SPB Line1 Avtovo.jpg|thumb|left|The decoration of [[Saint Petersburg Metro]], Stasiun [[Avtovo (Saint Petersburg Metro)|Avtovo]]]]
[[FileBerkas:Trolleybus BKM-321 on Nevsky Avenue (img2).jpg|thumb|right|[[Trolleybus]] di [[Nevsky Prospect]]]]
[[FileBerkas:St metro obv kanal.JPG|thumb|left|Stasiun [[Obvodny Kanal (Saint Petersburg Metro)|Obvodny Kanal]] yang dibuka tahun 2010]]
[[FileBerkas:TramMoskovskiyeVorotaSquare2008-04-12-1103c cut.jpg|thumb|left|Tram di [[Lapangan Gerbang Moskwa]] di Saint Petersburg]]
[[FileBerkas:St. Petersburg Russia Hydrofoil boat.jpg|thumb|right|[[Hydrofoil]] docking di St.Petersburg ketika baru datang dari [[Istana Peterhof]] (2008).]]
 
Saint Petersburg memiliki jaringan transportasi umum yang sangat baik, di antaranya ada bus, [[Jalur trem di Saint Petersburg|tram]], [[trolleybus]]) dan ratusan rute lainnya yang dilayani oleh ''[[marshrutka]]''. [[Jalur trem di Saint Petersburg|Tram di kota ini]] dulunya adalah transportasi umum utama; di tahun 1980-an pernah menjadi jaringan trem terbesar di dunia, namun jalurnya banyak yang dihilangkan tahun 2000-an.
Baris 116:
!style="background:#f5f5f5; padding:5px;"|<span style="margin:0 10px 0 20px;">Peta Saint Petersburg Metro</span>
|-
|[[FileBerkas:Saint Petersburg metro map ENG.png|600px|center]]
|}
</center>
Baris 125:
Saint Petersburg adalah [[koridor transportasi]] yang penting yang menghubungkan [[Skandinavia]] dengan Rusia dan Eropa Timur. Kota ini memiliki [[jaringan jalan Eropa]] [[Rute Eropa E18|E18]] menuju [[Helsinki]], [[Rute Eropa E20|E20]] menuju [[Tallinn]], [[Rute Eropa E95|E95]] menuju [[Pskov]], [[Kiev]] dan [[Odessa]], serta [[Rute Eropa E105|E105]] menuju [[Petrozavodsk]], [[Murmansk]] dan [[Kirkenes]] (utara) dan Moskwa/[[Kharkiv]] (selatan).
 
=== Jalur air ===
Perusahaan [[St Peter Line]] mengoperasikan 2 feri yang berlayar dari [[Helsinki]] ke St&nbsp;Petersburg dan dari [[Stockholm]] ke St Petersburg.
 
=== Kereta ===
{{see also|Transportasi kereta di Rusia}}
[[FileBerkas:Сапсан в Санкт-Петербург.jpg|thumb|left|Kereta berkecepatan tinggi [[Sapsan]] memiliki rute antara [[Nizhny Novgorod]] dan [[Moscow]], antara Moscow dan Saint Petersburg]]
[[FileBerkas:Vitebsky Railway Terminal.jpg|thumb|right|[[Terminal Kereta Vitebsky]]]]
[[FileBerkas:Pulkovo airport.jpg|thumb|right|[[Bandara Internasional Pulkovo]].]]
 
Kota ini memiliki 5 terminal kereta: [[Terminal Kereta Baltiysky|Baltiysky]], [[Terminal Kereta Finlyandsky|Finlyandsky]], [[Terminal Kereta Ladozhsky|Ladozhsky]], [[Terminal Kereta Moskovsky (Saint Petersburg)|Moskovsky]] dan [[Terminal Kereta Vitebsky|Vitebsky]],<ref>Sampai 2001, [[Terminal Kereta Varshavsky]] berperan sebagai stasiun utama, namun saat ini menjadi museum kereta.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.russkialbum.ru/r/sp5/h.shtml |title=Бюпьюбяйхи Бнйгюк - Хярнпхъ |publisher=Russkialbum.ru |accessdate=November 16, 2012}}</ref> Saint Petersburg memiliki koneksi internasional menuju [[Helsinki]], Finlandiaiaia, Berlin, Jerman dan bekas republik Uni Soviet lainnya. [[Kereta Riihimäki – Saint Petersburg|Kereta Helsinki]], dibangun 1870 dengan panjang rute {{convert|443|km|sp=us}}, mempunyai jadwal 4 kali sehari dengan perjalanan selama 3,5 jam dengan kereta baru [[Karelian Trains Class Sm6|Allegro]].
Baris 160:
</center> </div>
 
=== Udara ===
Saint Petersburg dilayani oleh [[Bandara Internasional Pulkovo]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rossiya-airlines.com/ |title=Россия - российские авиалинии |publisher=Rossiya-airlines.com |date=July 25, 2007 |accessdate=November 16, 2012}}</ref> dan 3 bandara komersial kecil lainnya di pinggir kota. [[Bandara Lappeenranta]], terletak dekat Saint Petersburg namun berada di Finlandiaia juga populer di antara turis Rusia.
 
Bandara Pulkovo telah beroperasi sejak 1931. Per 2013, Pulkovo melayani lebih dari 12 juta orang per tahun dan menjadi bandara tersibuk ke-3 di Rusia setelah Bandara [[Sheremetyevo International Airport|Sheremetyevo]] dan [[Bandara Internasional Domodedovo|Domodedovo]] di Moskwa. Bandara ini juga mempunyai layanan bus 24 jam yang melayani dari dan ke Pulkovo dan pusat kota.
 
== Pendidikan ==
[[FileBerkas:VO Universitet 12 Kollegiy 02-03-2008.jpg|thumb|right|[[Universitas Negeri Saint Petersburg]]]]
[[FileBerkas:Pulkovo observatory 2004.jpg|thumb|left|[[Observatorium Pulkovo]]]]
{{See also|Pendidikan di Rusia|Daftar institusi pendidikan tinggi di Saint Petersburg}}
 
Per 2006/2007 ada 1024 TK, 716 [[sekolah negeri (dibiayai pemerintah)|sekolah negeri]] dan 80 [[pendidikan vokasi|sekolah vokasi]] di Saint Petersburg.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gov.spb.ru/Document/1193727839.doc |title=ОТЧЕТ за 2006/2007 учебный год |accessdate=January 1, 2009}}</ref> Institusi pendidikan tinggi terbesar di kota ini adalah [[Universitas Negeri Saint Petersburg]], memiliki sekitar 32.000 mahasiswa. Institusi pendidikan tinggi swasta terbesar adalah [[Institut Perdagangan Internasional, Ekonomi, dan Hukum St. Petersburg]]. Universitas terkenal lainnya adalah [[Universitas Politeknik Saint Petersburg]], [[Universitas Herzen]] dan [[Universitas Teknik-Militer Saint Petersburg]]. Namun, semua universitas negeri adalah milik pemerintah federal, bukan pemerintah kota.
 
== Kota kembar ==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}}
<div class="noprint">
Baris 184:
|-
| style="width:33.3%;"|
* {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Aarhus]], Denmark <small>''(sejak 1989)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|TUR}} [[Adana]], Turki <small>''(sejak 1997)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Antwerp]], Belgia <small>''(sejak 1958)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|THA}} [[Bangkok]], Thailand <small>''(sejak 1997)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Barcelona]], Spanyol <small>''(sejak 1984)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://w3.bcn.es/XMLServeis/XMLHomeLinkPl/0,4022,229724149_257215678_1,00.html|title=Barcelona's Sister cities|publisher=2008 Ajuntament de Barcelona (City council's webpage) |accessdate=December 1, 2008}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|PLE}} [[Bethlehem]], Palestina <small>''(sejak 2003)''</small><ref name="BethlehemTwinning">{{cite web |url=http://www.bethlehem-city.org/Twining.php |title=Bethlehem Municipality |publisher=bethlehem-city.org |accessdate=October 10, 2009 }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Bordeaux]], Perancis <small>''(sejak 1991)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref name="Bordeaux twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.bordeaux.fr/p63778/europe%C2%A0et%C2%A0international|title=Bordeaux - Rayonnement européen et mondial|accessdate=July 29, 2013|work=Mairie de Bordeaux|language=French|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20130207154903/http://www.bordeaux.fr/p63778/europe%C2%A0et%C2%A0international|archivedate =February 7, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Bordeaux twinnings 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-recherche-resultat.asp?searchField=bordeaux&x=36&y=14|title=Bordeaux-Atlas français de la coopération décentralisée et des autres actions extérieures |accessdate=July 29, 2013|work=Délégation pour l’Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministère des Affaires étrangères)|language=French|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20130207152951/http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-recherche-resultat.asp?searchField=bordeaux&x=36&y=14|archivedate=February 7, 2013}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|RSA}} [[Cape Town]], Afrika Selatan <small>''(sejak 2001)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Colombo]], Sri Lanka <small>''(sejak 1997)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|PRC}} [[Chengdu]], China <small>''(sejak 1998)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Daegu]], Korea Selatan <small>''(sejak 1997)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.daegu.go.kr/AboutDaegu/sister.asp |title=Coloful Daegu |accessdate=December 1, 2008}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|GER}} [[Dresden]], Jerman <small>''(sejak 1961)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://dresden.de/en/02/11/c_03.php|title=Dresden Twin cities|publisher=2008 Landeshauptstadt Dresden (City of Dresden: Dresden.de) |accessdate=December 1, 2008}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Santa Cruz de Tenerife]], Spanyol<ref>[http://serviredprofesional.com/pageID_8034482.html]{{dead link|date=November 2012}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|UK}} [[Edinburgh]], Britania Raya <small>''(sejak 1995)''</small><ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref name="Edinburgh">{{cite web |url=http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/internet/city_living/CEC_twin_and_partner_cities |title=''Edinburgh – Twin and Partner Cities'' |accessdate=December 21, 2008 |publisher=2008 The City of Edinburgh Council, City Chambers, High Street, Edinburgh, EH1 1YJ Scotland}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|PAK}} [[Faisalabad]], Pakistan
* {{flagicon|POL}} [[Gdańsk]], Polandia <small>''(sejak 1961)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small><ref name="Gdańsk">{{cite web|url=http://www.gdansk.pl/samorzad,62,733.html|title=Gdańsk Official Website: 'Miasta partnerskie'|publisher=2009 [http://www.gdansk.pl/ Urząd Miejski w Gdańsku]|language=Polish, English|accessdate=July 11, 2009}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Graz]], Austria <small>''(sejak 2001)''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.graz.at/cms/beitrag/10099866/606819|title=Stadt Graz: Sister Cities |accessdate=December 1, 2008}}</ref></small><ref name="Graz">{{cite web |url=http://www.graz.at/cms/beitrag/10045157/606819/ |title=Twin Towns – Graz Online – English Version |publisher=graz.at |accessdate=January 5, 2010 }}</ref>
| style="width:33.3%;"|
* {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Gothenburg|Göteborg]], Swedia <small>''(sejak 1962)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|GER}} [[Hamburg]], Jerman <small>''(sejak 1957)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|CUB}} [[Havana]], Kuba <small>''(sejak 2000)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Helsinki]], Finlandia <small>''(sejak 1993)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|VIE}} [[Ho Chi Minh City|Ho Chi Minh]], Vietnam <small>''(sejak 1977)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|IRN}} [[Esfahān|Isfahan]], Iran <small>''(sejak 1999)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|TUR}} [[İstanbul]], Turki <small>''(sejak 1990)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greatistanbul.com/sister_cities.htm|title=Sister Cities of Istanbul|accessdate=November 2, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber.php?haberno=94185|publisher=Radikal|language=Turkish|date=November 3, 2003|quote=49 sister cities in 2003|title=İstanbul'a 49 kardeş|last=Erdem|first=Selim Efe|accessdate=November 2, 2008}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Kotka]], Finlandia <small>''(sejak 1997)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Le Havre]], Perancis <small>''(sejak 1965)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref name="TwinTowns">''{{cite web|url = http://www.lehavre.eu/#Twin_towns|title=Le Havre Website – Twin Towns|accessdate=November 30, 2008|publisher={{fontcolor|Green|(in [[English language|{{fontcolor|Green|English}}]])}} 2006–2008 Ovidio Limited. }}''</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Los Angeles]], Amerika Serikat<small>''(sejak 1990)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lacity.org/sistercities/html/08.htm |title=Los Angeles City Council: Sister cities of Los Angeles |accessdate=December 1, 2008}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Lyon]], Perancis <small>''(sejak 1993)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref name="Lyon">{{cite web|url=http://www.lyon.fr/vdl/sections/en/villes_partenaires/villes_partenaires_2/?aIndex=1|title=''Partner Cities of Lyon and Greater Lyon'' |publisher=2008 Mairie de Lyon|accessdate=October 21, 2008}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|UK}} [[Manchester]], Britania Raya <small>''(sejak 1956)''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manchester.gov.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?categoryID=100002&documentID=2632&pageNumber=3|title=Friendship Agreements|publisher=[[Manchester City Council]]|accessdate=December 1, 2008 |archiveurl = //web.archive.org/web/20080611021612/http://www.manchester.gov.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?categoryID=100002&documentID=2632&pageNumber=3 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = June 11, 2008}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Melbourne]], Australia <small>''(sejak 1989)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=161&pg=2979 |title=International relations: Saint Petersburg |accessdate=December 1, 2008}}</ref></small><ref name="Melbourne">{{cite web|url=http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=161&pg=2979|title=City of Melbourne&nbsp;— International relations&nbsp;— Sister cities|publisher=City of Melbourne|accessdate=July 7, 2009}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Mikkeli]], Finlandia <small>''(sejak 1996)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|URU}} [[Montevideo]], Uruguay <small>''(sejak 1998)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai]], India <small>''(sejak 1963)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mcgm.gov.in/|title=Official Website of Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai|publisher=[[Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai]]|accessdate=December 1, 2008}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Nice]], Perancis <small>''(sejak 1997)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref name="Nice Jumellage">{{cite web | url =http://www.nice.fr/Collectivites/La-municipalite/Villes-jumelees-avec-la-Ville-de-Nice | title = Villes jumelées avec la Ville de Nice | accessdate = June 24, 2013 | publisher = Ville de Nice | language = French}}</ref></small>
| style="width:33.3%;"|
* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Osaka]], Jepang <small>''(sejak 1961)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.city.osaka.jp/english/more_about_osaka/osaka_world/index.html |title=Osaka and the World, the official website of the Osaka city |accessdate=December 1, 2008}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Paris]], Perancis <small>''(sejak 1991)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref name="Paris">{{cite web |url=http://www.paris.fr/portail/accueil/Portal.lut?page_id=6587&document_type_id=5&document_id=16468&portlet_id=14974 |work=Mairie de Paris |title=Paris Partners: 'Les pactes d'amitié et de coopération' |accessdate=December 1, 2008}}</ref><ref name="Paris2">{{cite web |url=http://www.paris.fr/en/city_government/international/special_partners.asp |work=Mairie de Paris |title=Paris International relations : special partners |accessdate=December 1, 2008}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|GRE}} [[Piraeus]], Yunani <small>''(sejak 1965)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref name="Greek twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.kedke.gr/uploads/twinnedcities.pdf|title=Twinnings|accessdate=August 25, 2013|work=Central Union of Municipalities & Communities of Greece}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|BUL}} [[Plovdiv]], Bulgaria <small>''(sejak 2001)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref>[http://www.plovdiv.bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=261&Itemid=279 Plovdiv Sister cities]{{dead link|date=July 2012}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|CZE}} [[Praha]], Republik Ceko <small>''(sejak 1992)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref name="Prague twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://zahranicnivztahy.praha.eu/jnp/cz/partnerska_mesta/index.html#|title=Partnerská města HMP|accessdate=August 5, 2013|date=July 18, 2013|work = Portál „Zahraniční vztahy“ [Portal "Foreign Affairs"]|language=Czech|trans_title=Prague - Twin Cities HMP|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20130625205859/http://zahranicnivztahy.praha.eu/jnp/cz/partnerska_mesta/index.html|archivedate =June 25, 2013}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Quebec City|Québec City]], Kanada <small>''(sejak 2002)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil <small>''(sejak 1986)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|NED}} [[Rotterdam]], Belanda <small>''(sejak 1966)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|CUB}} [[Santiago de Cuba|Santiago]], Cuba<ref name="saint_petersburg"/>
* {{flagicon|PRC}} [[Shanghai]], China <small>''(sejak 1959)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Stockholm]], Swedia <small>''(sejak 1992)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Tampere]], Finlandia <small>''(sejak 1993)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|GRE}} [[Thessaloniki]], Yunani <small>''(sejak 2002)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref name=thessaloniki>{{cite web |url=http://www.thessalonikicity.gr/English/twinning-cities.htm |title=Twinning Cities |work=City of Thessaloniki |accessdate=December 1, 2008}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Turku]], Finlandia <small>''(sejak 1953)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|POL}} [[Warsawa]], Polandia <small>''(sejak 1997)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://um.warszawa.pl/v_syrenka/new/index.php?dzial=aktualnosci&ak_id=3284&kat=11 |title=Miasta partnerskie Warszawy |work=um.warszawa.pl |publisher=Biuro Promocji Miasta |date=May 4, 2005 |accessdate=August 29, 2008|language=pl}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|CRO}} [[Zagreb]], Kroasia <small>''(sejak 1968)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref name=zagreb_sister_cities>{{cite web
|url=http://www.zagreb.hr/mms/en/index.html|title=Zagreb Sister Cities|accessdate=December 1, 2008}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[St. Petersburg, Florida]], Amerika Serikat
* {{flagicon|BUL}} [[Sofia]], Bulgaria
|}
</div>
Baris 246:
|-
| style="width:33.3%;"|
* {{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Almaty]], Kazakhstan <small>''(sejak 1996)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|AZE}} [[Baku]], Azerbaijan <small>''(sejak 1998)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|TJK}} [[Dushanbe]], Tajikistan <small>''(sejak 1999)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
| style="width:33.3%;"|
* {{flagicon|ARM}} [[Yerevan]], Armenia <small>''(sejak 1997)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref name="Yerevan partnerships">{{cite web|url=http://www.yerevan.am/3-233-233.html|title=Yerevan - Partner Cities|accessdate=November 4, 2013|work=Yerevan Municipality Official Website|publisher=© 2005—2013 www.yerevan.am}}</ref><ref name="Yerevan Sister Cities">{{cite web|url=http://yerevan.am/main.php?lang=3&page_id=194|title=Yerevan Municipality – Sister Cities|publisher=2005–2009 [http://yerevan.am/?lang=3 www.yerevan.am]|accessdate=June 22, 2009}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|LTU}} [[Vilnius]], Lituania <small>''(sejak 2002)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vilniushostels.eu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1&Itemid=2 |title=Guide to Vilnuis |accessdate=December 1, 2008}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|LVA}} [[Riga]], Latvia <small>''(sejak 1997)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/Riga_Municipality/Twin_cities_of_Riga/default.htm |title=Twin cities of Riga |publisher=[[Riga City Council]] |accessdate=December 1, 2008}}</ref></small>
| style="width:33.3%;"|
* {{flagicon|RUS}}/{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Sevastopol]], [[Status politik Krimea|Dipertentangkan]] <small>''(sejak 2000)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|LVA}} [[Daugavpils]], Latvia <small>''(sejak 2002)''</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gorod.lv/o_gorode |title=О городе Даугавпилс |publisher=Gorod.lv |accessdate=March 12, 2013}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|EST}} [[Tallinn]], Estonia <small>''(sejak 2002)''</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tallinn.ee/est/ettevotjale/Tallinn_faktid_2015-eng-web.pdf |title=TALLINN FACTS & FIGURES 2015 |publisher=Tallinn City Enterprise Department |accessdate=September 20, 2015}}</ref>
|}
|}
Baris 269:
|-
| style="width:33.3%;"|
* {{flagicon|JOR}} [[Aqaba]], Jordania <small>''(sejak 2003)''</small><ref name="translate.google.com">{{cite web|url=http://translate.google.com/translate?sourceid=navclient&hl=en&u=http%3a%2f%2fwww.kvs.spb.ru%2f%3fp%3ddelovie_missii_sankt-peterburga_za_rubezhom245 |title=Chairman of the Committee for External Relations of St. Petersburg |publisher=Google |accessdate=July 20, 2012}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Maryland|Negara bagian Maryland]], Amerika Serikat<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/NIS/Russia |title=Online Directory: Russian Federation, Eurasia |publisher=Sister Cities International |accessdate=December 1, 2008}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Lansing, Michigan|Lansing]], United States <small>''(sejak 1992)''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lansingsc.org/pages/stpetersburg.cfm |title=Sister cities:Saint Petersburg, Russia |accessdate=December 1, 2008}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|SVN}} [[Maribor]], Slovenia <small>''(sejak 2001)''<ref>[http://66.102.1.100/translate_c?hl=en&u=http://www.maribor.si/podrocje.aspx%3Fid%3D31&usg=ALkJrhjCmkRIYTaYAKF74A0No9ha3RWs-w]{{dead link|date=November 2012}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Galveston, Texas|Galveston]], Amerika Serikat<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usasc.org/misc-docs/SA_Conf_Tour%20package.pdf |title=US Africa Sister Cities Conference |publisher=U.S. Africa sister cities foundation, inc. |accessdate=December 1, 2008}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|KGZ}} [[Osh]], Kirgistan <small>''(sejak 2004)''</small>''<ref name="translate.google.com"/>
* {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Chungcheongbuk-do]], Korea Selatan <small>''(sejak 2008)''<ref name="translate.google.com"/></small>
* {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Mar del Plata]], Argentina <small>''(sejak 2008)''<ref name="translate.google.com"/></small>
* {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Guadalajara]], Meksiko <small>''(sejak 2008)''<ref name="translate.google.com"/><ref name="Guadalajara sisters">{{cite web | url =http://www.guadalajara.gob.mx/dependencias/relacionespublicas/versioningles/sistercities.html | archiveurl =//web.archive.org/web/20120302011742/http://www.guadalajara.gob.mx/dependencias/relacionespublicas/versioningles/sistercities.html|archivedate = March 2, 2012 | title = Sister Cities, Public Relations | publisher = Guadalajara municipal government|accessdate = March 12, 2013}}</ref></small>
| style="width:33.3%;"|
* {{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Astana]], Kazakhstan <small>''(sejak 2008)''<ref name="translate.google.com"/></small>
* {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Florence]], Italy <small>''(sejak 2001)''<ref name="Sister cities international">{{cite web |url=http://www.glosk.com/LH/Republic_of_Lithuania/-3599695/pages/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities/4519_en.htm |title=Sister cities international |accessdate=December 1, 2008}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Turin]], Italia <small>''(sejak 2012)''</small><ref name="Turin twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.comune.torino.it/relint/inglese/gemellaggieaccordi/index.shtml|title=International Affairs - Twinnings and Agreements|accessdate=August 6, 2013|last=Pessotto|first=Lorenzo|work=International Affairs Service in cooperation with Servizio Telematico Pubblico|publisher=City of Torino|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20130618182559/http://www.comune.torino.it/relint/inglese/gemellaggieaccordi/index.shtml|archivedate=June 18, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lastampa.it/2012/11/15/cronaca/torino-san-pietroburgo-c-e-l-intesa-sull-asse-strategico-GrXers6Srhhzx5r57bdq3N/pagina.html |title=La Stampa - Torino-San Pietroburgo, c’è l’intesa sull’asse strategico |publisher=Lastampa.it |date=June 22, 2012 |accessdate=November 16, 2012}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Busan]], Korea Selatan <small>''(sejak 2008)''<ref name="translate.google.com"/></small>
* {{flagicon|TUN}} [[Sousse]], Tunisia <small>''(sejak 2008)''<ref name="translate.google.com"/></small>
* {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Oslo]], Norwegia <small>''(sejak 2002)''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oslo.kommune.no/the_city_of_oslo/international_cooperation/ |title=Sister partners of Oslo |accessdate=December 1, 2008}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|VIE}} [[Hai Phong]], Vietnam <small>''(sejak 2008)''<ref name="translate.google.com"/></small>
* {{flagicon|ISR}} [[Rishon LeZion]], Israel <small>''(sejak 1966)''</small>
| style="width:33.3%;"|
* {{flagicon|SVK}} [[Košice]], SlovakiaSlowakia <small>''(sejak 1995)''<ref name="Košice twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.kosice.sk/clanok.php?file=gov_s_c-00_uk.html|title=Twin cities of the City of Kosice|accessdate=July 27, 2013|work=Magistrát mesta Košice, Tr.}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|ISR}} [[Haifa]], Israel <small>''(sejak 2008)''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mignews.com/news/politic/world/210508_03000_59894.html |title=Haifa agreement with partner |language=ru |publisher=Mignews.com |accessdate=July 20, 2012}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|SDN}} [[Khartoum]], Sudan <small>''(sejak 2002)''<ref name="translate.google.com"/></small>
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Le Havre]], Perancis<ref name="Le Havre twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://archives.lehavre.fr/delia-CMS/guichet_virtuel/rubrique/article_id-1626/topic_id-707/les-villes-jumelees.html|title =Le Havre - Les villes jumelées|accessdate = August 7, 2013|last=Florence|first=Jeanne|language=French|trans_title=Le Havre - Twin towns|archivedate= September 3, 2009}}</ref><ref name="Le Havre twins">{{cite web|url=http://lehavre.fr/dossier/le-havre-ville-partenaire|title=Le Havre - Les villes jumelées|accessdate=August 7, 2013|work=[http://lehavre.fr/ City of Le Havre]|language=French|trans_title=Le Havre - Twin towns|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20130729215238/http://lehavre.fr/dossier/le-havre-ville-partenaire|archivedate=July 24, 2013}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Lviv]], Ukraina <small>''(sejak 2006)''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ukrainians.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=279&Itemid=2 |title=The city of Lviv, and its sister cities |accessdate=December 1, 2008}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|MNG}} [[Ulan Bator]], Mongolia <small>''(sejak 2008)''<ref name="translate.google.com"/></small>
* {{flagicon|HUN}} [[Debrecen]], Hungaria <small>''(sejak 2002)''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vengria.ru/main.php?folderID=911&articleID=4075&ctag=articlelist&iid=1 |title=Hungary-Russia sister cities |publisher=Vengria.ru |accessdate=July 20, 2012}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|PHI}} [[Cebu City]], Filipina <small>''(sejak 2008)''<ref name="translate.google.com"/></small>
* {{flagicon|PRK}} [[Nampho]], Korea Utara <small>''(sejak 2002)''<ref name="translate.google.com"/></small>
* {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Porto Alegre]], Brazil <small>''(sejak 2002)''<ref name="Porto Alegre">{{cite web |url=http://www2.portoalegre.rs.gov.br/captare/default.php?p_secao=36 |title=Porto Alegre's International Sister Cities Program |publisher=Porto Alegre, RS |accessdate =August 22, 2008}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|VAN}} [[Port Vila]], Vanuatu
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Westport, Connecticut|Westport]], Amerika Serikat<ref>http://www.westportct.gov/index.aspx?page=190</ref>
|}
|}
</div>
[[Milan]] dan [[Venesia]] dulunya merupakan kota kembar Saint Petersburg, namun saat ini berhenti akibat larangan kota mengenai "propaganda gay".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/9712066/Milan-severs-twin-city-ties-with-St-Petersburg-over-homosexual-propaganda-ban.html|title=Milan severs twin city ties with St Petersburg over 'homosexual propaganda' ban|publisher=The Telegraph|date=November 29, 2012|accessdate=November 30, 2012}}</ref> Milan menghentikan hubungan dengan kota ini pada 23 November 2012 <ref>{{cite web|author=Associazione Radicale Certi Diritti |url=http://www.certidiritti.it/notizie/comunicati-stampa/item/1631-gemellaggio-tra-milano-e-san-pietroburgo-consiglio-comunale-approva-mozione-che-ne-chiede-la-sospensione |title=Associazione radicale Certi Diritti &#124; Gemellaggio tra Milano e San Pietroburgo: Consiglio comunale approva mozione che ne chiede la sospensione |publisher=Certidiritti.it |date=November 23, 2012 |accessdate=March 12, 2013}}</ref> dan Venesia mengikuti pada 28 Januari 2013.<ref>{{cite web|author=Associazione Radicale Certi Diritti |url=http://www.certidiritti.it/notizie/comunicati-stampa/item/1650-venezia-approva-mozione-per-la-sospensione-degli-effetti-del-gemellaggio-con-san-pietroburgo |title=Associazione radicale Certi Diritti &#124; Venezia approva mozione per la sospensione degli effetti del gemellaggio con San Pietroburgo |publisher=Certidiritti.it |accessdate=March 12, 2013}}</ref> Kota [[Los Angeles]] berdebat apakah akan menghentikan status kota kembar tahun 2013 <ref>{{cite web|author= Greg Hernandez |url=http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/los-angeles-urged-cut-sister-city-ties-st-petersburg-due-anti-gay-laws-there160213 |title=Los Angeles urged to cut Sister City ties with St. Petersburg due to anti-gay laws there |publisher=Gay Star News |date=February 16, 2013 |accessdate=March 12, 2013}}</ref> dan [[Carl Robert Katter|Carl Katter]], mengkampanyekan di [[Kota Melbourne|Melbourne]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], untuk melakukan hal serupa.<ref name="pinknews1">{{cite web|last=Pinfold |first=Corinne |url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2013/02/22/australia-brother-of-anti-gay-party-leader-urges-melbourne-to-cut-ties-with-st-petersburg-over-homophobic-law/ |title=Australia: Brother of anti-gay party leader urges Melbourne to cut ties with St Petersburg over homophobic law |publisher=PinkNews.co.uk |accessdate=March 12, 2013}}</ref>
 
== Referensi ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
 
=== Bibliografi ===
{{Refbegin|2}}
* Amery, Colin, Brian Curran & Yuri Molodkovets. ''St. Petersburg''. London: [[Frances Lincoln]], 2006. ISBN 0-7112-2492-7.
* Bater, James H. ''St. Petersburg: Industrialization and Change''. Montreal: McGuill-Queen’s University Press, 1976. ISBN 0-7735-0266-1.
* Berelowitch, Wladimir & Olga Medvedkova. ''Histoire de Saint-Pétersbourg''. Paris: Fayard, 1996. ISBN 2-213-59601-8.
* Brumfield, William Craft. ''The Origins of Modernism in Russian Architecture''. Berkeley: [[University of California Press]], 1991. ISBN 0-520-06929-3.
* Buckler, Julie. ''Mapping St. Petersburg: Imperial Text and Cityshape''. Princeton: [[Princeton University Press]], 2005 ISBN 0-691-11349-1.
* Clark, Katerina, ''Petersburg, Crucible of Revolution''. Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]], 1995.
* Cross, Anthony (ed.). ''St. Petersburg, 1703–1825''. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. ISBN 1-4039-1570-9.
* "San Pietroburgo, la capitale del nord" by [[Giuseppe D'Amato]] in ''Viaggio nell'Hansa baltica.'' L'Unione europea e l'allargamento ad Est. Greco&Greco editori, Milano, 2004. pp.&nbsp;27–46. ISBN 88-7980-355-7. ([http://www.europarussia.com/books/viaggio_nellhansa_baltica/travel-to-the-baltic-hansa Travel to the Baltic Hansa]. The European Union and its enlargement to the East) Book in Italian.
* George, Arthur L. & Elena George. ''St. Petersburg: Russia's Window to the Future, The First Three Centuries''. Lanham: Taylor Trade Publishing, 2003. ISBN 1-58979-017-0.
* Glantz, David M. ''The Battle for Leningrad, 1941–1944''. Lawrence: [[University Press of Kansas]], 2002. ISBN 0-7006-1208-4.
* Hellberg-Hirn, Elena. ''Imperial Imprints: Post-Soviet St. Petersburg''. Helsinki: SKS [[Finnish literature|Finnish Literature]] Society, 2003. ISBN 951-746-491-6.
* {{Cite book|last=Hughes|first=Lindsey|title=Peter the Great: a Biography|year=2004|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|isbn=0-300-10300-X}}
* ''Knopf Guide: Sat. Petersburg''. New York: Knopf, 1995. ISBN 0-679-76202-7.
* Eyewitness Guide: St. Petersburg.
* Lincoln, W. Bruce. ''Sunlight at Midnight: St. Petersburg and the Rise of Modern Russia''. New York: [[Basic Books]], 2000. ISBN 0-465-08323-4.
* Orttung, Robert W. ''From Leningrad to St. Petersburg: Democratization in a Russian City''. New York: St. Martin’s, 1995. ISBN 0-312-17561-2.
* {{Cite book|last1=Richardson|first1=Daniel|last2=Humphreys|first2=Robert|title=St. Petersburg: The Rough Guide|url=https://books.google.com/?id=mozWAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=March 10, 2010|edition=September 2004 – Fifth|date=February 26, 1998|publisher=Rough Guides – New York, London & [[Delhi]]|isbn=978-1-85828-298-5}}
* Ruble, Blair A. ''Leningrad: Shaping a Soviet City''. Berkeley: [[University of California Press]], 1990. ISBN 0-87772-347-8.
* Shvidkovsky, Dmitry O. & Alexander Orloff. ''St. Petersburg: Architecture of the Tsars''. New York: Abbeville Press, 1996. ISBN 0-7892-0217-4.
* Volkov, Solomon. ''St. Petersburg: A Cultural History''. New York: Free Press, 1995. ISBN 0-02-874052-1.
* St. Petersburg:Architecture of the Tsars. 360 pages. Abbeville Press, 1996. ISBN 0-7892-0217-4
* Saint Petersburg: Museums, Palaces, and Historic Collections: A Guide to the Lesser Known Treasures of St. Petersburg. 2003. ISBN 1-59373-000-4.
* ''[[Sergei Ivanov (Art historian)|Sergei V. Ivanov]]. Unknown Socialist Realism. The Leningrad School.'' – Saint Petersburg: NP-Print Edition, 2007. – 448 p.&nbsp;ISBN 5-901724-21-6, ISBN 978-5-901724-21-7.
* Нежиховский Р. А. ''Река Нева и Невская губа'', Leningrad, Гидрометеоиздат, 1981.
* {{Cite book|last=Vorhees|first=Mara|title=St. Petersburg|url=https://books.google.com/?id=MYVCQYIJafsC|accessdate=March 11, 2010|edition=Fifth|date=February 1, 2008|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|location=Footscray, Victoria, Australia|isbn=978-1-74059-827-9}}
{{Refend}}
 
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Sankt-Peterburg"