Biaya audiensi: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Biaya audiensi''' adalah istilah dalam [[teori hubungan internasional]] untuk menyebut hukuman yang diterima seorang pemimpin dari rakyatnya apabila ia memicu krisis [[kebijakan luar negeri]] dan tidak mau bertanggung jawab.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://themonkeycage.org/2013/09/07/credibility-is-not-everything-either-but-its-not-nothing-either/|title='Credibility' is not everything but it's not nothing either|author=James Fearon|date=7 September 2013|work=The Monkey Cage|accessdate=8 January 2014|quote=I'm drawing here on arguments about what the IR literature usually calls 'audience costs,' which are domestic political costs a leader may pay for escalating an international dispute, or for making implicit or explicit threats, and then backing down or not following through.}}</ref> Istilah ini dipopulerkan dalam sebuah artikel akademik tahun 1994 oleh [[James Fearon]].<ref name="Fearon94">{{cite journal|last=Fearon|first=James D.|date=September 1994|title=Domestic Political Audiences and the Escalation of International Dispute|journal=American Political Science Review|volume=88|issue=3|pages=577–592|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2944796|doi=10.2307/2944796}}</ref><ref name="Tomz2007">{{cite journal|last=Tomz|first=Michael|year=2007|title=Domestic Audience Costs in International Relations: An Experimental Approach|journal=International Organization|volume=61|issue=4|pages=821–40|issn=0020-8183|doi=10.1017/S0020818307070282|quote=The seminal article is Fearon 1994.}}</ref>

 

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[[Kategori:Teori hubungan internasional]]

[[Kategori:Kebijakan luar negeri]]